铜陵新桥铁矿田地质地球化学特征及成因浅析

长期以来有关新桥 (S Fe Cu)矿田的成因一直争论不休 ,如沉积 -改造型、层控 -矽卡岩型、海底喷流沉积型等。作者在综合分析该矿田的地质 -地球化学特征的基础上 ,认为新桥矿田具有二期成矿作用的特点。早期沉积成矿作用形成菱铁矿矿体和不具有工业意义的黄铁矿层。后期岩浆成矿作用形成层状、似层状块状硫化物型、热接触交代矽卡岩型和热液脉型等不同类型的硫化物矿体。沉积作用形成的矿体与岩浆作用形成的矿体各自有着不同的地球化学特征     

安徽新桥矿床矿相学与Fe同位素特征及其对矿床成因的制约

对安徽新桥矿床进行系统的野外地质调查和矿相学研究发现,层状矿体中的胶状黄铁矿交代矽卡岩磁铁矿矿体,为探讨层状硫化物矿床是早期沉积成因还是岩浆热液成因提供了新的地质约束。对铜陵矿集区内的新桥矿床层状菱铁矿矿体和凤凰山矽卡岩型矿体中的菱铁矿开展了Fe同位素组成的对比研究,结果显示：新桥矿床菱铁矿与典型低温热液脉型矿床和沉积铁矿中的菱铁矿在Fe同位素组成特征上有所不同,而与凤凰山矽卡岩型矿床中的菱铁矿更为接近;新桥矿床中胶状黄铁矿和菱铁矿相对于磁铁矿富集Fe的轻同位素,表明磁铁矿不是过去认为的由胶状黄铁矿和菱铁矿矿胚层经热液改造形成,而是与典型的岩浆热液有关。新桥矿区层状硫化物矿体和矽卡岩型矿体中,近岩体矽卡岩和最早形成的金属矿物磁铁矿比岩体更为富集Fe的轻同位素,而赋矿围岩比岩体更为富集Fe的重同位素。同时,不同矿化阶段形成的含铁矿物和不同空间位置的硫化物中的Fe同位素组成呈现出时空分带现象,Fe同位素组成的时空演化特征与流体出溶、流体演化非常一致,并且符合同位素分馏的基本理论,表明层状硫化物矿体和矽卡岩型矿体具有相同的成矿物质来源,为同一流体体系演化的产物。新桥矿区岩相学的研究结果和Fe同位素组成特征均表明,新桥层状硫化物矿床不是海西期喷流沉积成矿作用的产物,而是燕山期热液成矿作用的产物,为一个典型的热液成因矿床。     

攀西地区镁铁质岩浆成矿系统的流体动力学模型

尽管镁铁质侵入体及其与成矿作用的关系得到了特别关注,但有许多科学问题迄今仍模糊不清。基于新的野外观察和理论分析,文中提出一个复杂性流体动力学模型,试图整合解释矿床地质学、矿相学和矿物学特征。假定岩浆成矿系统的行为取决于熔体和流体两个子系统的强相互作用,系统演化过程中子系统物理性质的连续改变可以导致多种非线性变化:(1)熔体子系统未发生明显结晶作用之前,含矿流体弥漫式透过熔体向上迁移,产生具有隐性火成层理的致矿侵入体和浸染状整合矿体。在这种条件下,高速运动的含矿流体可以导致岩浆侵入体全岩矿化;较低速上升的含矿流体也可以导致强烈的岩浆分异作用,但岩浆侵入体的边缘部分将没有成矿金属的富集。(2)岩浆侵入体部分固结(如半固结)时,含矿流体只能大规模输入到岩体中心尚未固结的部分,并导致强烈的双扩散对流,产生明显的韵律性层理和整合型块状矿体。(3)岩浆侵入体接近完全固结时,巨大的流体超压或远场应力场可导致板状侵入体沿补给通道方向破裂,含矿流体上升导致了不整合矿体的产生。(4)岩浆侵入体完全固结之后,后续含矿流体只能沿着层状侵入体与底板围岩的接触带迁移,形成新型板状矿体或巢状矿体,甚至夕卡岩型矿体。(5)富氧化物流体之后还可以有富硫化物流体上升,有利于产生硫化物矿体。这种分析大致符合攀西地区的客观实际,因而可以得出结论：(1)岩浆侵入体是否成为致矿侵入体取决于含矿流体的输入,而不是岩浆分异作用;(2)致矿侵入体的分异特征是含矿流体输入的结果,而不是相反;(3)镁铁质岩浆成矿系统是一种复杂性动力系统,含矿流体的输入是其行为发生非线性变化的根本原因;(4)攀西地区的镁铁质岩浆成矿系统包括整合型(包括块状和浸染状两种亚型)、不整合型和夕卡岩型铁矿子系统以及浸染状和块状硫化物型成矿子系统;(5)攀西地区的铁矿体不仅仅位于层状岩体之内,下伏围岩中也有找矿潜力,甚至发现块状硫化物的潜力。     

云南大坪超大型金多金属矿床地质地球化学特征

大坪金矿床是哀牢山金矿带上的超大型金多金属共生矿床.矿体为赋存于闪长岩体内部近平行的多金属硫化物-石英薄脉.矿床地质、流体包襄体地球化学和同位素地球化学研究表明:成矿作用与中、新生代的区域构造-岩浆活动密切相关,至少可分为燕山期石英-黄铁矿和喜山早期石英-方铅矿两期;早期形成金矿化,晚期形成铅和银矿化并伴生金矿化;二者叠加于同一容矿空间,形成多期叠加的复式铅、锌、银、金共生矿床.成矿物质与成矿流体的来源一致,各成矿期流体均是以深源流体为主的壳-幔混合流体,但具有不同的地球化学特征,是相对独立的成矿流体体系.矿床成因属中-高温热液硫化物-石英脉型.     

云南马厂箐矿田浅成低温热液-斑岩型Cu-Mo-Au多金属成矿系统

马厂箐Cu-Mo-Au多金属矿田位于西南三江复合造山带中段,是带内金多金属矿床的典型代表。矿田内矿化类型复杂,元素组合多样。围绕马厂箐富碱杂岩体矿化类型、元素组合、围岩蚀变呈明显的分带。在岩体中形成斑岩型铜-钼矿床;在岩体与地层内外接触带形成接触交代型(角岩型、夕卡岩型)铜-钼(铁)矿床;在岩体外围地层中形成浅成低温热液金-铅-锌矿床。对应的围岩蚀变表现为自岩体中心向外依次为强硅化带→石英钾长石化带→石英钾长石绢云母化带→夕卡岩化带→中低温热液蚀变。同位素测年结果表明3种类型的矿床成矿均发生于33.7～35.8Ma,金矿床略晚于铜-钼矿床,并与矿田内马厂箐杂岩体侵入时代(33～37Ma)一致。岩矿石的H、O、Pb、S同位素和流体包裹体系统研究表明,从斑岩型铜-钼矿床→接触交代型铜-钼(铁)矿床→浅成低温热液金-铅-锌矿床,矿石中流体包裹体均一温度、盐度和均一压力逐渐降低,成矿物质(矿质和流体)也逐渐从以深部岩浆源为主,演变为以围岩地层和大气降水为主。矿田内不同类型矿床间的时空及成因联系,反映它们是同源岩浆不同演化阶段成矿作用的产物,含矿热液的物化性质及时空迁移决定了它们在不同部位产出不同的矿床类型,构成与富碱斑岩有关的浅成低温热液-斑岩Cu-Mo-Au多金属成矿系统。     

安徽铜陵冬瓜山铜矿床的叠加改造成矿机制：来自矿石结构的证据

长江中、下游地区块状硫化物矿床普遍受到燕山期岩浆及其热液的改造与叠加.本文以铜陵冬瓜山矿床为例,探讨这类矿床的成矿机制.该矿床主要由层状硫化物矿体组成,伴有矽卡岩型和斑岩型矿体.野外地质观察及室内矿相学的研究表明,冬瓜山层状矿体中矿石遭受了强烈的热变质作用及热液交代作用.进变质过程中形成的结构主要为黄铁矿受燕山期岩浆侵...     

安徽铜陵冬瓜山铜、金矿床两阶段成矿模式

冬瓜山铜金矿床包括层状硫化物矿体、矽卡岩型和斑岩型矿体。层状硫化物矿体具层状形态和层控特征，矿石具块状、层纹状和揉皱状构造。燕山期岩浆岩及其岩浆流体对层状矿体进行了叠加和改造，改变了其结构构造、矿物组合和矿石成分，并在其上叠加蚀变和矿化。层状矿体中的铜是由含铜流体交代块状硫化物矿石形成的。冬瓜山铜金矿床经历了两次成矿作用：第一成矿阶段．在石炭纪中期，海底喷流作用形成了块状硫化物矿床，矿石成分以硫、铁矿为主；第二成矿阶段。燕山期岩浆侵人，一方面岩浆热液与围岩相互作用发生矽卡岩化、硅化、钾长石化、石英绢云母化和青磐岩化，形成矽卡岩型和斑岩型矿体，另一方面岩浆流体对块状硫化物矿体进行叠加改造，致使块状硫化物矿体富集铜等成矿物质。     

安徽铜陵冬瓜山铜(金)矿床成矿模式

长江中、下游断裂坳陷带是我国重要的铜、金、铁、硫成矿带,存在一系列块状硫化物矿床及与其伴生的矽卡岩型和斑岩型矿床.本文以铜陵矿集区冬瓜山铜、金矿床为例,探讨了这类矿床的成矿模式.冬瓜山矿床主要由层状硫化物矿体组成,伴有矽卡岩型和斑岩型矿体.层状硫化物矿体产于晚泥盆世砂岩和晚石炭世碳酸盐岩之间,具明显的层控特征,矿体下盘发育细脉-网脉状硫化物矿化以及硅化和绢云母化,矿体中伴有热水沉积岩,矿石具典型的沉积构造.燕山期岩浆热液对层状矿体进行了叠加和改造,改变了矿石的结构构造和矿石成分.黄铜矿交代黄铁矿变斑晶呈环斑结构或脉状交代结构,交代磁黄铁矿呈交代假象结构或交代残留结构.矽卡岩型矿体中黄铜矿的δ65Cu值为0.09‰～0.83‰,集中在0.23‰～0.83‰.层状矿体中黄铜矿的δ65Cu值为0.45‰～0.78‰,与矽卡岩矿体中黄铜矿的65Cu值大致相当,这说明两类矿体中的铜具有相同的来源.铜、氢和氧同位素研究表明,冬瓜山矿床铜来自岩浆岩,叠加的成矿流体主要为岩浆流体.提出了冬瓜山矿床属喷流沉积-岩浆热液叠生成因的成矿模式:在晚石炭世,海底喷流成矿作用形成了块状硫化物矿床,矿石成分以硫、铁为主;燕山期岩浆热液一方面对块状硫化物矿床进行改造,致使其富集铜等成矿物质,另一方面与围岩相互作用形成矽卡岩型和斑岩型矿体.     

金厂沟梁——二道沟金矿田地质地球化学特征及成因探讨

金厂沟梁－二道沟金矿田的大地构造位置为内蒙地轴上的努鲁儿虎隆起区，其金矿脉多属石英－硫化物复合脉型，矿脉的产状受NW向区域断裂及对面沟岩体侵入形成的主动式断裂构造控制。主要矿物有石英、黄铁矿、黄铜矿等，载金矿物主要为黄铁矿、石英；矿床的矿化和蚀变具多阶段叠加性。其氢氧同位素特征表明，岩体、围岩、矿体三者具有密切关系，矿石的氢氧同位素特征表明金矿热液来源于岩浆，并有雨水加入，硫同位素值接近陨石硫值，具单峰塔式效应，矿体铅与岩体铅具有一致性，岩体与矿体稀土曲线具相似性。从而认为金厂沟梁－二道沟金矿田的成因为重熔岩浆热液型矿床。     

安徽铜陵矿集区铜官山矿田胶状黄铁矿矿物学特征及其对成矿作用的制约

铜官山矿田是铜陵矿集区内五大矿田之一,矿田内顺层产出的层状硫化物矿体是铜金矿床的主矿体,矿体内含有较多的胶状黄铁矿,其成因的争议制约了对铜金矿床成矿作用的解析。本文主要利用场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)等纳米矿物学手段,并结合光学显微镜、粉晶X射线衍射(XRD)、微区激光拉曼光谱分析等方法,对矿田内铜官山矿床及天马山矿床内层状硫化物矿体中胶状黄铁矿矿石的矿物组成、微形貌、微结构等特征进行系统研究,结果表明胶状黄铁矿矿石多呈胶状、鲕状结构,具有同心环状构造,同心环被赤铁矿、菱铁矿与黄铜矿脉穿切。同心环主要由白铁矿+有机质与胶状黄铁矿交替组成。胶状黄铁矿的黄铁矿颗粒粒径从纳米至亚微米均有分布,以自形-半自形立方体为主,少数呈他形,脉体边部胶状黄铁矿颗粒较大,自形程度较高,重结晶显著。矿石中含有少量白云石、伊利石微晶体,与胶状黄铁矿紧密共存,显示典型沉积特征。共存石英磨圆度较高,存在次生加大现象,表面存在胶状黄铁矿印模,显示为碎屑成因。这些综合信息表明胶状黄铁矿非岩浆热液成因,而是与石炭系地层同沉积成岩成因,并可能有微生物作用参与。高孔隙率、高化学活性及较高有机质含量的胶状黄铁矿可能为燕山期岩浆热液演化的含铜成矿流体提供了沉淀剂,对矿田内铜金硫化物矿体的层控性发挥了重要的控制作用。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861