东天山白石泉镁铁-超镁铁杂岩体的Nd-Sr-Os同位素成分及其对岩浆演化的意义

本文报道东天山有铜镍硫化物矿化的白石泉镁铁-超镁铁杂岩体(分布在中天山地块北部)的微量元素和Nd-Sr-Os同位素成分,以探讨其地幔源区性质和壳幔相互作用过程.白石泉杂岩体的地球化学特征是富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,但亏损高场强元素.全岩Sr和Nd同位素初始比值变化较大,分别是(87Sr/86Sr)i =0.7032～0.7066和εNd(t)=5.6～-0.9,两者呈反相关关系.全岩Os含量在80×10-12～29×10-12之间,富含放射性成因Os(187 Os/188 Os=0.295～ 1.18).据此,得出结论:(1)白石泉杂岩体的母岩浆在上升侵位过程中,受到地壳物质的强烈混染,导致各岩石类型的Nd-Sr同位素成分变化很大和Os同位素成分富集放射性成因Os的特征,这与前人认为的白石泉岩体侵位过程中没有地壳混染作用的模式明显不同;(2)白石泉杂岩体的母岩浆来自被古生代俯冲带熔/流体交代过的年轻岩石圈地幔,这要求我们重新认识中天山前寒武地块的性质和规模.     

东昆仑祁漫塔格地区玉古萨依基性超基性岩体成因及构造意义

玉古萨依基性超基性杂岩体位于东昆仑造山带祁漫塔格山西段玉古萨依地区。岩体侵入于祁漫塔格群变质砂岩中,由北西至南东方向岩性由超基性向基性过渡,可见明显的层状分异现象,普遍蚀变较强,辉石岩为主要的堆晶相。杂岩体岩石整体属于钙碱性系列,都属于富铁质或铁质基性超基性岩,富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,亏损重稀土元素和高场强元素,稀土元素配分曲线为右倾型。微量元素特征显示不同岩石类型均为同源岩浆演化的产物。岩体中角闪辉长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为406±2.6Ma,形成于早泥盆世早期。岩石地球化学特征显示岩体形成于板内伸展环境下,表明在该时期区域内已经为碰撞后的伸展阶段。本次研究发现该杂岩体应为祁漫塔格早古生代蛇绿构造混杂岩带中非蛇绿岩成因的镁铁-超镁铁质层状侵入体。     

新疆东天山白石泉铜镍矿床基性-超基性岩体锆石U-Pb同位素年龄、地球化学特征及其对古亚洲洋闭合时限的制约

白石泉铜镍硫化物矿床位于中天山北缘,阿齐库都克-沙泉子断裂带南侧,产于同源侵入基性-超基性复式岩体中。采用锆石激光剥蚀法(LA-ICP-MS)获得矿化辉长岩中锆石U-Pb年龄为281．2±0．9Ma。辉长岩和橄榄岩的地球化学数据表明白石泉含矿杂岩体具高Mg特征。岩石富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、K、Sr)、LREE和高场强元素(U、Pb),而具有Ce负异常和亏损高场强元素(Th、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf)的特征。这些表明白石泉含矿杂岩体具有幔源特征和岛弧岩浆特征。结合对白石泉岩体地质特征和区域地质背景的综合分析,本文推断白石泉岩体形成于岛弧环境或活动陆缘环境,即早二叠世期间在东天山地区还存在俯冲作用,因而古亚洲洋至少应在早二叠世晚期或以后才闭合。     

新疆喀拉通克铜镍硫化物矿床成矿岩浆作用过程

喀拉通克铜镍硫化物矿床3个主要含矿镁铁质岩体的主量元素、微量元素和铂族元素组成分析及母岩浆组成估算结果表明:3个岩体中不同类型岩石的主要氧化物含量的变化具玄武质岩浆结晶分异的特征;在MgO含量为10%～15%区间,SiO2含量迅速增高;微量元素和稀土元素原始地幔标准化配分模式相似,具Nb和Ta亏损,K、Sr富集的特征.与1号和2号岩体相比,3号岩体中大离子亲石元素及轻稀土元素相对富集,(La/Yb)N介于6.8～9.2之间,δEu显示轻微负异常,在460 m深度表现出Cu-Ni等成矿元素与SiO2含量同时剧变的特征,铂族元素配分模式与2号岩体相似.上述结果显示,3个岩体可能是同源岩浆不同期次的产物,原始岩浆为高镁玄武岩浆.成矿岩浆演化过程中经历的岩浆分离结晶作用和富硅地壳组分混染可能是成矿岩浆硫饱和及硫化物熔离的主要诱因.     

新疆南天山东段早石炭世——早二叠世花岗岩类及其对南天山洋盆闭合时间的约束

选择南天山东段早石炭世—早二叠世典型花岗岩类,即阿訇开里得南岩体、盲起苏岩体、东泉戈壁岩体和库米什北岩体进行岩石学与地球化学对比研究。结果表明,这些岩体属于准铝质—过铝质高钾钙碱性系列花岗岩,富集Ba、Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等高场强元素,稀土元素配分模式呈右倾型,富集轻稀土元素、亏损重稀土元素,铕出现中等负异常(δEu=0.52~0.96)。基于上述相似特征,并结合前人研究成果,认为它们形成于陆-陆碰撞环境。基于南天山造山带东西段高压变质岩、岩浆岩、沉积岩和蛇绿混杂岩等方面的岩石成岩年龄对比,认为南天山晚古生代构造演化过程具有区域差异性,碰撞作用在其东段发生于早石炭世,而在其西段发生于晚石炭世。南天山洋东段闭合时间早于西段。     

青海省拉水峡基性杂岩体地球化学特征及其对矿床成因的约束

对与青海省拉水峡铜镍硫化物矿床密切相关的基性杂岩体的地球化学研究表明,该岩体以低Ti、亏损Nb和Ta、富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素为特征。结合其同位素组成特征,提出该岩体的形成与祁连山及其邻区460～440Ma时期俯冲向碰撞转换的作用有关,岩浆起源于富集的岩石圈地幔,并在高位岩浆房中遭受了地壳的混染作用,从而导致岩浆中Si的增加,并引起富硫化物矿浆与富硅酸盐岩浆的不混熔作用。     

新疆喀拉通克基性杂岩体的地球化学特征及其对矿床成因的约束

对与喀拉通克铜镍硫化物矿床密切相关的基性杂岩体的地球化学研究表明，该岩体以低Ti、亏损Nb和Ta、富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素为特征。结合其同位素特征，提出该岩体的形成与西伯利亚板块和准噶尔板块碰撞后的拉张作用有关，岩浆起源于亏损的软流圈地幔，并在高位岩浆房中遭受了地壳的混染作用，从而导致岩浆中Si的增加，并引起富硫化物矿浆与富硅酸盐岩浆的不混熔作用。     

西天山菁布拉克基性杂岩体的地球化学特征

对与特克斯县菁布拉克铜镍硫化物矿床密切相关的基性杂岩体的地球化学研究表明,该岩体以低Ti、亏损Nb和Ta、富集大离子亲石元素和微富集轻稀土元素为特征。结合其同位素特征,提出该岩体的形成与南天山洋板块向中天山板块俯冲碰撞作用有关,岩浆起源于MORB源的亏损地幔,由于南天山洋壳向亏损地幔的俯冲,导致岩浆具有岛弧岩浆的特点。在侵位过程中遭受地壳和围岩的混染作用较弱。     

中国北方造山带岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床及其地球动力学背景——以吉林红旗岭矿床为例

中国北方兴蒙造山带东段吉林省中南部产有一系列铜镍硫化物矿床,红旗岭矿床代表的是早三叠纪同造山期与超镁铁质-镁铁质岩浆作用相关的矿床类型.含矿母岩主要是由辉长岩-二辉岩-橄榄辉石岩-辉石橄榄岩等构成的杂岩体和顽火辉石岩超基性岩脉,构成星点状—稀疏浸染状、稠密浸染状、斑杂状、致密块状四种矿石类型.硅酸盐岩石的矿物组合为橄榄石+斜方辉石+单斜辉石+角闪石+斜长石,为钙碱性系列岩石组合类型.岩石化学显示其微量元素富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba,亏损高场强元素Ti、Nb,相似于俯冲带拉斑玄武岩,可能为幔源岩浆混染地壳物质的结果.同位素年代学证实岩体就位时间约为250Ma左右的早三叠纪,与区域变质和中国北方大面积的同造山花岗岩年龄相似.暗示了含矿岩体的形成和华北板块与西伯利亚板块碰撞造山作用有关,是造山挤压过渡期伸展体制下岩浆作用的产物.     

新疆牛毛泉磁铁矿含矿岩体岩浆演化过程及源区特征

牛毛泉基性杂岩体位于准噶尔古板块博格达-哈尔里克晚古生代岛弧东段,赋存磁铁矿。研究表明,该岩体具有明显成层性和韵律构造特征,主要岩石类型有橄榄辉长岩、含橄榄辉长岩、辉长岩和角闪辉长岩。岩石地球化学特征表明,该套岩石属拉斑玄武岩系列,m/f值介于0.65~1.44之间,属铁质基性-超基性岩。岩石稀土元素总量相对较低,稀土元素配分曲线为轻稀土元素略富集的右倾型;岩石富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Sr、U),相对亏损高场强元素(Zr、Hf),具有明显的Nb、Ta负异常和弱的Ti正异常。岩石εNd(t)=-3.4~-0.50,εSr(t)=-3.4~8.5,具有向EMⅠ方向演化的趋势,表明岩浆源区可能为受俯冲流体交代改造的富集岩石圈地幔,是新疆北部早二叠世时期后碰撞伸展阶段的产物,由拆沉的富集岩石圈地幔被软流圈加热后发生部分熔融并上侵形成。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861