思茅盆地下白垩统蒸发岩硫同位素地球化学特征及其钾盐成矿意义

关于思茅盆地下白垩统勐野井组蒸发岩主要物源为海水的认识争议很少,但是关于其成矿时代和成矿模式的认识还有争议,关于陆源淡水对蒸发岩物质成分的影响还缺乏探讨。本文主要通过分析盆地内L2井27件蒸发岩样品的化学成分和硫同位素地球化学特征,结合邻区已发表的硫同位素数据,探讨了蒸发岩的物质来源、陆源淡水对蒸发岩物质成分的影响、成盐时代以及可能的钾盐成矿模式。结果表明:(1)思茅盆地蒸发岩受陆源淡水和火山热液补给,其中陆源淡水补给使蒸发岩硫同位素明显低于同一地质时期的其他海相样品;(2)海水可能自现今盆地北西方向补给,一级周期上海水补给存在两次,二级周期上海水补给至少存在七次;(3)物源海水的时代为中侏罗世,沉积析盐的时代为早白垩世晚期,可能的钾盐成矿模式为中侏罗世海水侧向迁移成矿。这些结果对解释思茅盆地及邻区海相蒸发岩异常低的硫同位素值、高硫同位素值与中侏罗世海水相当以及钾盐成矿缺失"碳酸盐岩相和硫酸盐岩相"有重要的意义。     

老挝他曲盆地钾盐矿床蒸发岩硫 同位素特征及成钾指示意义

老挝含盐盆地白垩纪时期位于新特提斯域东南部,晚白垩世沉积了巨型钾盐矿床。其中,万象东南部的他曲盆地钻孔含盐系中硬石膏δ34SV-CDT值集中分布在13.8‰~15.3‰,与同期海相蒸发岩δ34S值近似,表明石膏为海相成因。据此,也进一步证实老挝含盐盆地成钾物质大多来自于同时期的古海水,但同时也受到大陆水的掺杂。依据老挝含盐盆地与思茅盆地钾盐矿床沉积时代相近,同时结合勐野井组石膏硫同位素组成,笔者初步认为两盆地在硫同位素组成上具有相近的海源特征,推断它们在海侵期可能曾连通。     

蒸发岩中硫同位素的地球化学特征及其沉积学意义——以思茅盆地MZK- 3井为例

思茅盆地目前是中国唯一的含古代固体钾盐矿床的沉积盆地,其钾盐形成时代、物源特征、海侵方向等多年来一直存在争议。本文依据海相硬石膏的形成条件、存在形式、同位素分馏机理,重点分析了盆地内MZK-3井蒸发岩硫同位素的地球化学特征。结果表明:①岩盐中的硬石膏在蒸发盆地析岩盐阶段即可形成,单独成层的硬石膏是由原始沉积的石膏经历了沉积埋藏升温进而脱水而成;②岩盐中硬石膏的硫同位素值具有"双峰"特征,分别为14‰～16‰和8‰～10‰或6‰～8‰,这体现了硫酸盐的双重来源——原始海水中的硫酸盐和陆源淡水输入的硫酸盐或火山活动提供的硫源;③硬石膏层的硫同位素在区域上具有对比性,结合~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值的特征,认为其代表了海相的沉积环境;④硬石膏层的硫同位素值平面上由南向北降低,可能反映了在此方向陆源淡水或火山活动对蒸发岩盆地的影响逐渐增强,进而说明这可能也是海侵的方向。可见对硬石膏硫同位素的研究,不仅在沉积学上能揭示物源、沉积环境、海侵方向等信息,更能对研究区钾盐矿床勘查提供有益的参考。     

老挝万象盆地钾盐矿床成盐晚期沉积环境: 来自硼酸盐矿物的证据

老挝万象盆地蕴含着丰富的钾资源,是研究古蒸发岩和古海水形成演化的热点地区之一.老挝万象盆地含盐建造包含3个蒸发岩?碎屑岩沉积韵律,而钾镁盐矿赋存在下盐段顶部.通过对老挝通芒钾盐矿区钾镁盐矿层的硼酸盐矿物的提取,发现在成钾晚期硼酸盐矿物有方硼石单晶和鲕粒方硼石两种形式.钻孔中方硼石单晶含量较少,而鲕粒方硼石分布较多且基本...     

粤北下庄矿田晚白垩世辉绿玢岩的地球化学特征及其构造意义

晚白垩世太平奄组辉绿玢岩位于粤北贵东复式岩体东部,呈NNE向展布。 它具有相对富硅(SiO2=5391% ~ 5603%)、富K(K2O=178 %~ 302%)、富集大离子亲石元素,Nb、Ta、Zr、Ti亏损明显,LREE富集(LREE/HREE=935 ~ 1024),基本无Eu异常(δEu=084 ~ 100), 低的εNd(91Ma)值(-58 ~ -98)、较高的［n(87Sr)/n(86Sr)］i值(070899 ~ 071525)和典型的Dupal异常铅等特征,这些明显的岛弧火山岩的地球化学特征与其所处的板内环境具有明显的不协调性。这种不协调性反映,在太平奄组辉绿玢岩形成之前的漫长时期内,由于古太平洋板块及其沉积物俯冲过程中产生的流体对上覆地幔楔的交代作用而形成具有岛弧火山岩特征的富集地幔源区。太平奄组辉绿玢岩正是在晚白垩世时期地壳伸展和岩石圈减薄的构造环境下,由这种具有EMⅠ和EMⅡ混合特征的富集地幔源区部分熔融形成的。     

藏北羌塘泛非和印支事件的记录:来自俄久卖变质杂岩地球化学与锆石U-Pb年代学的证据

藏北羌塘盆地大地构造属性是长期争议的议题,深入研究有助于对该问题的探讨。俄久卖杂岩体产出于羌塘盆地中央隆起带北缘,包括夕线石片麻岩和片麻状花岗岩,以及侵位于其中的淡色花岗岩脉。在中央隆起北侧,高级变质岩仅发现于俄久卖杂岩体内。因此,该杂岩为研究羌塘盆地构造演化的重要窗口。在区域地质调查的基础上,本文重点对片麻状花岗岩和淡色花岗岩开展了岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学与地球化学研究。其中,片麻状花岗岩加权平均年龄为476.6±4.8Ma,且岩石中大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、Th和Pb相对富集,高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti和P较亏损,显示弧火山岩的地球化学特征。淡色花岗岩中的锆石呈明显的核-幔-边环带结构,其核部测得年龄介于2052±25Ma~541±8Ma之间,幔部加权平均年龄为463.7±7.5Ma,边部内侧为214.6±2Ma,边部外侧为189.4±1.1Ma。地球化学特征表明该淡色花岗岩形成于典型的同碰撞构造环境。综合研究表明,俄久卖杂岩体包括早古生代泛非晚期岩浆事件产物(~470Ma),且在印支运动期遭受深埋作用并发生部分熔融,分别形成了~214Ma和~189Ma的淡色花岗岩。因此,羌塘盆地内泛非时期的地质记录可延伸至中央隆起带北缘。     

西藏措勤盆地白垩系白云岩地球化学特征及其成因分析

通过岩石学、阴极发光、同位素和岩石地球化学等方法对青藏高原措勤盆地郎山组白云岩进行了成因研究.研究表明本区白云岩岩石类型主要为中-细晶白云岩和灰质白云岩,阴极发光主体呈棕红-暗棕红色光,并且具有高的有序度和低的CaCO3摩尔含量.地球化学分析表明岩石U含量(1.5～45.2×10-5)和U/Th(0.89～68)明显高于一般的海相碳酸盐;高的87Sr/86Sr(0.710092～0.711719)同位素比值,表明在成岩过程中Sr的加入.白云岩δ18O值为-15.13‰～-6.94‰,平均-8.7‰,δ13C为-0.56‰～2.53‰,平均1.7‰,反映出白云岩具有较高的盐度指数Z值(118.0～128.0)和成岩温度(50.77～95.95℃),表明形成于超成浓缩海水环境并具较高的成岩温度.综合分析认为本区白云岩属于埋藏成因,并在后期由于淡水加入发生去白云化作用.     

A Multi–fluid Constrain for the Forming of Potash Deposits in the Savannakhet Basin: Geochemical Evidence from Halite

The Khorat Plateau on the Indochina Terrane is known to have formed during the closure of the Tethys Ocean, although the origin of its potash mineral deposits is a topic of current debate. Data from a borehole on Savannakhet Basin is used in this study to re-define the evaporation processes of the study area. Geochemical analyses of halite from various borehole-derived evaporite strata have elucidated the fluid sources from which these ores formed. Measured δ11 B indicated that ore deposits formed primarily due to evaporation of seawater, although non-marine fluids affected the later stages of the evaporation process. Fluctuations in B and Br concentrations in carnallite-and sylvite-rich strata indicate the influence of fresh water. Boron concentration in carnallite unit indicated the influence of hydrothermal fluids. From the relative timings of these various fluid influxes, the evolution of these evaporates can be divided into four stages:(1) an initial marine evaporation at the beginning of the deposit's formation, where seawater(and minor fresh water) trapped on the uplifted Khorat Plateau produced sediments and salts with Br contents lower than those of normal marine-derived evaporites;(2) a transgression stage, where seawater recharged the basin;(3) a hydrothermal infiltration stage, which was coeval with the late Yanshan movement; and(4) a stage of fresh water supply, as recorded by fluctuations in B and Br contents, inferring intermittent fresh water influx into the basin. Thus, although evaporites on the Savannakhet Basin primarily formed via marine evaporation, they were also influenced to a significant degree by the addition of non–marine fresh water and hydrothermal fluids.     

泰国呵叻盆地二叠系碳酸盐岩元素地球化学特征与古环境意义

采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱和同位素质谱等测试方法,对泰国呵叻盆地中部二叠系浅海相碳酸盐岩进行了微量元素与碳氧同位素组成及指标分析,讨论了研究区二叠系沉积古环境及其与碳酸盐岩烃源岩发育的控制关系。通过δ~(13)C/δ~(18)O指标及Sr/Ba、V/Ni、V/(V+Ni)比值等综合判别表明,研究区二叠系帕诺考组碳酸盐岩浅水斜坡亚相以淡-微咸水为主,属弱氧化-弱还原环境。深水斜坡亚相位于浪基面以下,以半咸水-咸水为主,属于缺氧的还原环境,为有机质保存提供了有利条件,是研究区碳酸盐岩烃源岩发育的有利相带。     

老挝甘蒙钾盐矿床钾镁盐矿层中裂隙水的地球化学特征及其成因探讨

老挝钾盐矿所属的呵叻盆地是世界上最大的钾盐矿集区之一,矿物组合主要为石盐、光卤石和次生钾石盐等,裂隙水分布于钾镁盐矿层中(深度150m左右)。裂隙水渗漏已严重影响了矿区生产安全,但关于该水体的来源及演化过程仍不明确。本文系统采集矿层中裂隙水及周围各种水体样品12件,并测试其水化学及氢氧(2 H、18 O)同位素组成。结果表明裂隙水矿化度较高(368.1g/L~430.7g/L),裂隙水与盐泉水水化学类型同为氯化物型,分析常微量离子含量特征及水化学特征系数,显示裂隙水受到钾镁盐溶滤掺杂的影响。裂隙水δD=-64.2‰~-55.2‰,δ~(18) O=-7.75‰~-7.1‰,其比值范围显著区别于石盐(δD=-144‰~-78‰,δ~(18) O=-1.1‰~4.2‰)和钾镁盐(δD=-54.75‰~-1.42‰,δ~(18) O=-7.09‰~0.95‰)沉积阶段原始卤水氢氧同位素组成,而位于全球大气降水线附近,表明裂隙水不具有原始残留卤水特征,而主要由大气降水溶滤蒸发岩矿物所形成。裂隙水成因的查明为该区地下水循环和钾盐矿床开发过程中地下水渗漏治理提供了一定依据。     

东尼日尔盆地海侵的微体古生物和地球化学证据

东尼日尔盆地是中西非裂谷系中典型的中—新生代裂谷盆地,位于尼日尔东部,包括Termit、Tefidet、Tenere、Grein、Bilma等5个坳陷。在对位于Tenere坳陷的Saha-1井和位于Termit坳陷的Helit-1井的上白垩统泥岩岩屑样品的微体古生物分布和地球化学特征分析的基础上,论证了东尼日尔盆地晚白垩世发生海侵。Saha-1井上白垩统泥岩岩屑样品微体古生物鉴定结果显示,样品中含有海相沟鞭藻、介形类、钙质超微、有孔虫等化石;地球化学特征表现为具有高丰度的伽马蜡烷、β-胡萝卜烷,且指示海相沉积环境的标志物甲藻甾烷丰富。微体古生物分布和地球化学特征均表明,晚白垩世地层沉积于海相环境。晚白垩世为全球海平面高位期,东尼日尔盆地发生大规模海侵。在早白垩世,东尼日尔盆地以陆相沉积为主;在晚白垩世热沉降和海侵的背景下,东尼日尔各坳陷成为一个统一的海相盆地,沉积了巨厚的海相地层。     

青藏高原晚始新世干旱化事件：改则盆地康托组碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素的记录

改则盆地位于青藏高原腹地,盆地内沉积物记录了高原古环境变化的重要信息。本文对改则盆地康托组碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素进行研究,结果显示改则盆地中-晚始新世的演化分为两个阶段:1中始新世湿润气候下开放湖盆阶段:虽然碳酸盐岩δ~(18)O值在43层处向正值偏移,但整体~(18)O和~(13)C强烈亏损,并且该时期碳酸盐岩δ~(18)O值和δ~(13)C变化相关系数为R~2=0.082。表明该阶段的研究区虽然经历过短期蒸发作用增强或补给水减少,但整体是气候湿润条件下补给水丰富的开放型湖盆。2晚始新世干旱气候下封闭湖盆阶段:经过中新世晚期(63层)气候和湖泊水文状态的过渡,晚始新世~(18)O和~(13)C同位素富集,δ~(18)O值和δ~(13)C值变化相关系数为R~2=0.7762。表明该阶段气候干旱,蒸发作用强烈,湖盆萎缩成为封闭湖盆。综合前人研究,认为青藏高原腹地及北缘、东北缘在晚始新世存在明显的区域性干旱化事件。对比分析青藏高原隆升、全球气候记录、全球海水Sr和大气CO_2记录,认为青藏高原腹地和北部的干旱化事件主要受青藏高原隆升的影响。     

河南西峡晚白垩世恐龙蛋化石壳碳同位素组成特征及其意义

利用显微镜和碳同位素分析法对自河南西峡盆地晚白垩世的１６枚恐龙蛋化石进行了研究。在显微镜下观察到恐龙蛋化石壳由原生碳酸盐矿物和次生碳酸盐矿物两部分组成。利用图像分析法得到了两者所占的比例分别为６０．５％和３９．５％。恐龙蛋内充填的次生碳酸盐矿物的δ＾１３Ｃ值在－５．６３‰￣－５．６８‰之间,平均为－５．６５‰。恐龙蛋化石壳的δ＾１３Ｃ同位素值在－５．８８‰￣－７．７９‰之间。经计算,获得了恐龙蛋壳     

Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotopes of Waters in the Ordos Basin,China: Implications for Recharge of Groundwater in the North of Cretaceous Groundwater Basin

Hundreds of precipitation samples collected from meteorological stations in the Ordos Basin from January 1988 to December 2005 were used to set up a local meteoric water line and to calculate weighted average isotopic compositions of modern precipitation.Oxygen and hydrogen isotopes, with and gradually decrease in summer and fall,illustrating that the seasonal effect is considerable.They also show that the isotopic difference between south portion and north portion of the Ordos Basin are not obvious.and the isotope in the middle portion iS normally depleted.The isotope compositions of 32 samples collected from shallow groundwater(less than a depth of 150 m)in desert plateau range from for JD.Most of them are identical with modern precipitation.The isotope compositions of 22 middle and deep groundwaters(greater than a depth of 275 m)fall in ranges from-11.6‰to-8.8‰with an average of-10.2‰ for ￡18O and from-89‰ to-63‰ with an average of-76‰ for ￡D.The average values are significantly less than those of modern precipitation,illustrating that the middle and deep groundwaters were recharged at comparatively lower air temperatures.Primary analysis of 14C shows that the recharge of the middle and deep groundwaters started at late Pleistocene.The isotopes of 13 lake water samples collected from eight lakes define a local evaporation trend,with a relatively flat slope of 3.77,and show that the lake waters were mainly fed by modern precipitation and shallow groundwater.     

Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotopes of Waters in the Ordos Basin,China: Implications for Recharge of Groundwater in the North of Cretaceous Groundwater Basin

Hundreds of precipitation samples collected from meteorological stations in the Ordos Basin from January 1988 to December 2005 were used to set up a local meteoric water line and to calculate weighted average isotopic compositions of modern precipitation. Oxygen and hydrogen isotopes, with averages of ?7.8‰ and ?53.0‰ for δ18O and δD, respectively, are depleted in winter and rich in spring, and gradually decrease in summer and fall, illustrating that the seasonal effect is considerable. They also show that the isotopic difference between south portion and north portion of the Ordos Basin are not obvious, and the isotope in the middle portion is normally depleted. The isotope compositions of 32 samples collected from shallow groundwater (less than a depth of 150 m) in desert plateau range from ?10.6‰ to ?6.0‰ with an average of ?8.4‰ for δ18O and from ?85‰ to ?46‰ with an average of ?63‰ for δD. Most of them are identical with modern precipitation. The isotope compositions of 22 middle and deep groundwaters (greater than a depth of 275 m) fall in ranges from ?11.6‰ to ?8.8‰ with an average of ?10.2‰ for δ18O and from ?89‰ to ?63‰ with an average of ?76‰ for δD. The average values are significantly less than those of modern precipitation, illustrating that the middle and deep groundwaters were recharged at comparatively lower air temperatures. Primary analysis of 14C shows that the recharge of the middle and deep groundwaters started at late Pleistocene. The isotopes of 13 lake water samples collected from eight lakes define a local evaporation trend, with a relatively flat slope of 3.77, and show that the lake waters were mainly fed by modern precipitation and shallow groundwater.