四川蛇纹石猫眼的地质特征及显微结构分析

蛇纹石猫眼是一种具有猫眼效应的罕见玉石品种。本文主要探讨了蛇纹石猫眼的地质特征,采用光学显微镜对产于四川石棉县的蛇纹石猫眼样品进行了显微结构分析。结果表明:四川蛇纹石猫眼的组成矿物蛇纹石的形态主要有微纤维状和鳞片状。岩石的显微结构主要有微纤维变晶结构、微鳞片变晶结构、交代假象结构和网格状结构,并以前者为主,约占30%。微纤维变晶结构是蛇纹石猫眼形成的主要原因。交代假象结构主要表现为蛇纹石对早期矿物橄榄石和辉石的交代而表现出橄榄石和辉石的假象。交代假象结构和网格状结构的存在证明了蛇纹石猫眼的岩石成因为超基性岩石的蛇纹石化作用。     

青海茫崖石棉矿区变质超基性岩的蚀变演化序列：岩石化学及矿物学证据

青海茫崖石棉矿区超基性岩体是由原岩以纯橄岩、辉橄岩和橄辉岩为主体组成的富镁质超基性岩体,经历自变质和后期多期热液的叠加变质蚀变作用,经蛇纹石化后形成蚀变完全的蛇纹岩岩体,其中部分蛇纹岩又进一步发生滑石化及碳酸盐化蚀变为滑石菱镁片岩、菱镁滑石片岩、滑石片岩和菱镁岩等。本文在野外地质调查基础上,在室内通过镜下岩矿综合鉴定、全岩化学成分分析以及电子探针成分分析等手段进行了岩石化学特征、矿物学特征及其蚀变演化过程研究。结果表明,该变质超基性岩体蛇纹岩主要特征组合矿物为蛇纹石(利蛇纹石、叶蛇纹石、纤蛇纹石)、磁铁矿、菱镁矿、滑石、水镁石、铬铁矿,变余矿物有斜方辉石、单斜辉石和铬铁矿,滑石菱镁片岩类主要组成矿物为菱镁矿、滑石、蛇纹石及磁铁矿,局部可见石英脉。该地区变质超基性岩体较完整地记录了橄榄岩水化、滑石化及碳酸盐化作用过程的各个阶段,超基性岩蚀变演化过程主要有两个作用阶段:(Ⅰ)橄榄石、辉石类矿物的蛇纹石化作用及蛇纹石绿泥石化作用;(Ⅱ)富Ca、CO2流体交代蛇纹石、滑石及水镁石的碳酸盐化作用。蛇纹石化等变质蚀变作用促进了Si、Mg及Fe元素化学活动性,使元素发生富集与迁移,对于次生矿物的形成与演化起到了一定的催化作用。多期不同组成流体热液的交代作用过程,清晰地展示了利蛇纹石、纤蛇纹石和叶蛇纹石的演化序列,以及滑石、水镁石、铬铁矿和磁铁矿的形成过程及标形特征。     

橄榄岩蛇纹石化过程中氢气和烷烃的形成

蛇纹石化过程中形成氢气、烷烃和有机酸,为海底热液区生命活动提供物质和能量来源,可能对地球和其他行星早期生命起源和演化有重要影响。目前关于蛇纹石化过程中氢气和烷烃形成的研究大多以橄榄石为初始物,且温度和压力较低(≤300℃,500bar)。本研究通过一系列的水热实验,研究300~500℃、1~3kbar时橄榄石、斜方辉石、单斜辉石、橄榄岩、玄武岩以及玄武岩与橄榄岩混合物发生蛇纹石化反应后氢气和烷烃的生成。300℃、3kbar时,橄榄石蛇纹石化后产生的氢气远大于辉石蚀变后产生氢气的量。随着温度的增加,400~500℃、3kbar时,橄榄石蚀变程度极低,产生氢气的量低于斜方辉石。单斜辉石实验后没有发生蚀变,不产生氢气和烷烃。400~500℃、3kbar时,橄榄岩蛇纹石化后产生的氢气和烷烃远高于橄榄石、斜方辉石和单斜辉石。玄武岩蛇纹石化后生成氢气和甲烷的量低于橄榄岩,但与玄武岩和橄榄岩混合物相当。这是因为玄武岩的单斜辉石蚀变后形成富铁的透辉石(~8.1%FeO),透辉石的Fe以Fe2+为主,这降低了Fe3+和氢气的量。以上表明,橄榄岩的蛇纹石化不同于橄榄石和斜方辉石。不仅是海底热液蚀变产生氢气和甲烷,洋壳俯冲过程中地幔楔橄榄岩蛇纹石化也会生成氢气和甲烷,但由于洋壳玄武岩的加入,氢气和甲烷的量会远小于橄榄岩蚀变时的量。     

蛇纹石化过程中铁活动性的高温高压实验研究

蛇纹石化过程中铁的活动性影响铁氧化物的形成和体系的氧逸度。然而,关于橄榄岩蛇纹石化过程中各矿物(橄榄石、斜方辉石和单斜辉石)蚀变过程中铁的活动性仍没有详细的研究。本文报道了80~200℃、饱和蒸气压下,不同的初始流体、水岩比条件下,橄榄岩蛇纹石化过程中铁的活动性。结果表明,蛇纹石化流体的铁含量较低(0.0~0.7mmol/kg),没有形成铁氧化物或铁氢氧化物,铁主要富集在蛇纹石和未反应的初始矿物中(例如,橄榄石和辉石)。由橄榄石蚀变形成的蛇纹石和由斜方辉石蚀变生成的蛇纹石化学组成相差较大,前者富铁而贫铝,后者贫铁而富铝。但当初始流体为碱性的0.5mol/L Na Cl(aq)时,两种不同来源的蛇纹石组成相差不大。尤为重要的是,单斜辉石蚀变生成的蛇纹石铁含量较高,8.1%~10.2%Fe O,远高于单斜辉石的铁含量(2.6%Fe O)。以上表明,低温蛇纹石化过程中,铁不能够大规模、长距离的运移,但在微米尺度上是活动的。     

藏北昂吾地区超基性岩的蛇纹石化和磁铁矿化过程及影响因素

班公湖-怒江缝合带广泛分布超基性岩及蛇纹石化超基性岩,已有研究表明它们与区域成矿关系密切,其蛇纹石化过程使一些元素活化并具有一定的成矿潜力。位于班-怒带中段的昂吾地区蛇纹石化超基性岩主要矿物成分有橄榄石、单斜辉石、铬铁矿、利蛇纹石、磁铁矿和绿泥石等,原岩恢复表明该超基性岩为单辉橄榄岩。镜下鉴定、背散射电子图像、能谱成分分析和电子探针分析结果显示单辉橄榄岩的蛇纹石化及蚀变过程可分为三个阶段:(Ⅰ)以形成相对富铁蛇纹石(Mg#=75～88)为主,基本无磁铁矿析出;(Ⅱ)形成相对富镁的蛇纹石(Mg# 90),析出磁铁矿;(Ⅲ)蛇纹石进一步蚀变成绿泥石。热力学模拟及多组分矿物相平衡图表明,在蛇纹石化过程中,昂吾地区超基性岩中的辉石脱硅致使反应体系SiO_2活度升高,限制了磁铁矿的生成。同时也发现,在利蛇纹石稳定存在的温度区间内(100～300℃),本研究的蛇纹石化体系温度倾向高值区,不利于磁铁矿的析出。进而探讨了原岩成分、反应体系SiO_2活度及温度等因素对蛇纹石化过程中磁铁矿析出的影响。本研究有助于理解班-怒带内超基性岩的蛇纹石化过程及磁铁矿化机制。     

新疆塔尔巴哈台山发现早奥陶世蛇绿混杂岩

在我国境内塔尔巴哈台山下石炭统黑山头组泥岩、粉砂岩、凝灰岩和火山熔结角砾岩夹基性熔岩的底部识别出一套蛇绿混杂岩。火山角砾岩的角砾由蛇纹石化橄榄岩(蛇纹岩)、辉长岩、玄武质粗面安山岩、粗面岩和硅质岩组成。蛇绿混杂岩由蚀变辉长岩、蛇纹岩和硅质岩组成。橄榄岩虽然发生了强烈蛇纹岩化(现在为蛇纹岩),但蛇纹岩中保留了斜方辉石和橄榄石的假象。覆盖在该蛇绿岩套之上的火山角砾岩属于爆发性很强的火山喷发产物。巨大的粗粒辉长岩、玄武质粗面岩、粗面岩、硅质岩和蛇纹石化橄榄岩角砾被熔岩胶结,说明火山通道穿切了蛇绿岩套。蚀变辉长岩中的斜方辉石已经完全蛇纹石化(保留了斜方辉石假象),斜长石完全被水钙铝榴石交代(保留斜长石假象),但单斜辉石保存完好,且发育由尖晶石叶片(棒)构成的出溶结构。棕褐色的尖晶石出溶棒(或叶片)一般完全平行,个别情况下发现两组近于直交的尖晶石出溶棒。从蚀变辉长岩中分选出锆石,对其进行的 SHRIMP 年代学研究,结果表明辉长岩的形成时代为478.3±3.3Ma(MSWD=1.09,n=14)。这说明塔尔巴哈台蛇绿岩套岩石形成于早奥陶世。     

陕西省勉略宁矿集区铜厂铜-铁矿床地质特征及其成因探讨

铜厂铜-铁矿床是勉略宁矿集区具有代表性的矿床之一,主要由上部的铜厂铜矿床和下部的杨家坝铁矿床(铜厂铁矿床)组成。根据磁铁矿和硫化物的相对含量,铜厂铜-铁矿床的矿石可分为磁铁矿矿石、含硫化物磁铁矿矿石和硫化物矿石三类。系统的岩相学和矿相学研究表明,其矿石矿物主要为磁铁矿、黄铜矿、黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿;矿石结构包括自形-半自形-他形粒状结构、交代残余结构和包含结构,矿石构造包括块状、浸染状、脉状和条带状构造。铜厂铜-铁矿床的围岩蚀变种类较多,且具有一定的分带性,上部铜矿体围岩蚀变以硅化、碳酸盐化和黑云母化为主,以石英、方解石和黑云母为主的蚀变矿物组合显示钾化特征;下部铁矿体围岩蚀变有钠长石化、蛇纹石化、滑石化、透闪石化、碳酸盐化、绿泥石化等,以钠长石、蛇纹石、滑石、透闪石、方解石、白云石、菱铁矿、绿泥石、黑云母和磷灰石等为主的蚀变矿物组合显示钠化特征。铜厂铜-铁矿床中磁铁矿的TiO₂含量小于1.72%,Al₂O₃含量小于1.81%,均显示热液磁铁矿的特征,结合铜矿石脉穿插铜厂闪长岩及二者突变接触的地质特征,说明铜厂铜-铁矿床的形...     

不同成矿机理和地质环境下形成的软玉的化学成分特征

利用外束质子激发X射线荧光(PIXE)分析技术对国内外软玉进行主量和微量元素测定,并分析软玉在化学成分上存在的差异与玉矿成矿机理和地质环境之间的关系。软玉依据成矿机理不同可以分为2种类型:第一种类型的软玉由花岗闪长岩和白云石大理岩接触交代而形成,主要化学成分偏向于透闪石,但是少数样品受地质环境影响会变为阳起石;第二种类型的软玉由镁橄榄石与中-低温热液交代作用而成的蛇纹岩再同围岩(大理石或白云石)接触交代蚀变而形成,主要化学成分接近甚至已转化为阳起石。第二种类型的软玉比第一种类型的软玉含有更多的Cr、Co、Ni等过渡金属元素。两种类型玉石的微量元素含量上的差异可为主要成分为软玉的中国古代玉器的玉料来源判定提供科学参考。     

Murchison陨石中草莓状磁铁矿的成因及意义

碳质小行星富含水和有机物,被认为是地球水与生命的重要潜在来源,是当前深空探测的重要目标。通过研究碳质球粒陨石中蚀变矿物的特征,可有效揭示其母体小行星早期的水活动历史。以Murchison碳质球粒陨石(CM2)中的草莓状磁铁矿为研究对象,利用扫描电镜和透射电镜对其微观结构和元素组成进行分析。结果显示,Murchison陨石中的草莓状磁铁矿具有交代黄铁矿的五角十二面体晶型假象,其颗粒边缘具有次生环带结构以及颗粒间隙填充有蛇纹石等次生层状硅酸盐矿物。研究结果表明,受~(26)Al等放射性元素衰变生热影响,Murchison陨石母体小行星早期曾发育有上限为150～200℃的水热蚀变作用,随着流体由酸性向碱性演变以及溶解氧的形成,早期形成的草莓状黄铁矿被后期流体交代而形成草莓状磁铁矿。     

松辽盆地营城组中基性火山岩成岩作用:矿物晶出序列、杏仁体充填和储层效应

利用露头和钻井资料,通过显微镜观测、化学分析和电子探针分析,研究营城组中基性火山岩的矿物晶出系列和杏仁体充填及其储层效应。本区中基性火山岩包括玄武岩、安山岩、玄武安山岩、粗面玄武岩、玄武粗安岩和粗安岩。斑晶矿物的晶出顺序为:橄榄石最早并几乎全部蚀变为蛇纹石、伊丁石和磁铁矿,仅保留橄榄石假象;辉石被斜长石包含或与之交生,说明辉石晶出有的略早于斜长石、有的与之同时。基质呈间隐间粒结构,为比斑晶偏酸性/碱性的板条状微晶长石堆积搭成格架、内充填玻璃质及微晶粒状矿物(橄榄石、辉石和磁铁矿)。基质结晶晚于斑晶,晶出序列为微晶粒状矿物→微晶长石→玻璃质。有单成分和复成分两种杏仁体。单成分者主要见硅质和钙质,具结晶世代性,为后生流体沉淀充填形成,可作为储层变差或非储层的标志。复成分杏仁体是原生火山玻璃固态下水合与蚀变作用的结果:包括蛇纹石/绿泥石-火山玻璃、石英-方解石-皂石/方解石和石英-绿泥石-方解石等组合类型,通常可作为储层改善或有效性增加的标志。中基性火山玻璃蚀变分为四个阶段:新鲜火山玻璃(折光率1.57)→水合火山玻璃(折光率降至1.53)→橙玄玻璃(铁镁质微晶矿物集合体)→新生矿物(石英、方解石、蛇纹石、绿泥石、皂石);由火山玻璃变为新生矿物的体积减小或孔隙增加效应为7%～10%。     

Spinifex-textured komatiites in the south border of the Carajas ridge,Selva Greenstone belt,Carajás Province,Brazil

Spinifex-textured komatiites in the Selva greenstone belt are the first unequivocal examples of komatiites in the Transition Subdomain of the Carajás Mineral Province. Outcrops of spinifex-textured komatiites, located ∼1.5 km to the south of the Carajás ridge, were discovered during regional exploration for Ni–Cu–(PGE) sulfide deposits by VALE. They are associated with a 3.8 km long unit consisting of variable types of ultramafic rocks (talc schist, serpentinite and spinifex-textured komatiite). This ultramafic unit follows the steep dipping NW–SE trending Selva greenstone belt composed mainly by quartz-chlorite schists (interpreted as metasediments) and chlorite-actinolite schists (interpreted as metabasalts). Greenschist facies metamorphic parageneses characterize all rock types in the Selva greenstone belt.The komatiitic rocks in the Selva belt comprise a sequence of flows consisting of an upper spinifex-textured layer and a lower olivine cumulate layer. Although the spinifex and cumulus textures are well preserved in the field, the primary mineralogy of the komatiites has been completely replaced by greenschist facies metamorphic minerals. Platy olivine spinifex texture, consisting of an array of roughly parallel olivine plates, and random spinifex texture, consisting of randomly oriented olivine plates, are the most common primary volcanic textures in komatiites in the Selva greenstone belt. Platy and random spinifex texture is defined by former plates of olivine replaced by serpentine with minor actinolite, chlorite and magnetite, alternating with former matrix replaced by abundant actinolite and minor chlorite, talc, serpentine, and magnetite. The domains between olivine plates in both platy and random spinifex-textured rocks contain irregular arrays of fine-grained parallel crystals, representing primary fine-grained “quench” clinopyroxene crystals replaced by actinolite.Spinifex-textured komatiites have MgO contents bracket between 22.8 and 26.9 wt.%, and cumulate textured komatiites have MgO contents up to 40.6 wt.%. When plotted vs MgO contents, most major and minor elements fall on well-defined linear trends indicating control by olivine fractionation or accumulation. Komatiites from the Selva and Seringa (located in the Rio Maria Domain) belts are Al-undepleted with Al₂O₃/TiO₂ ratios close to 20. Results for CaO, Na₂O, and REE suggest that these elements were mobile and their abundances have been modified during metasomatic alteration. REE contents in some samples are very high (up to 40 times primitive mantle values) and REE patterns vary from flat (La/Yb_MN ∼ 1) to highly enriched in LREE (La/Yb_MN up to ∼ 10). The REE mobility may be related to hydrothermal alteration associated to Cu–Au mineralization in the region.The identification of spinifex-textured komatiites close to the Carajás Basin suggests the continuation of 3.0–2.9 Ga greenstone belts of the Rio Maria Domain within the Transition Subdomain, and enlarges the area with potential to host komatiite-associated Ni–Cu–PGE deposits.     

Geochemistry and oxygen isotopic composition of olivine in kimberlites from the Arkhangelsk province: Contribution of mantle metasomatism

The paper presents data on the composition of olivine macrocrysts from two Devonian kimberlite pipes in the Arkhangelsk diamond province: the Grib pipe (whose kimberlite belongs to type I) and Pionerskaya pipe (whose kimberlite is of type II, i.e., orangeite). The dominant olivine macrocrysts in kimberlites from the two pipes significantly differ in geochemical and isotopic parameters. Olivine macrocrysts in kimberlite from the Grib pipe are dominated by magnesian (Mg# = 0.92–0.93), Ti-poor (Ti < 70 ppm) olivine possessing low Ti/Na (0.05–0.23), Zr/Nb (0.28–0.80), and Zn/Cu (3–20) ratios and low Li concentrations (1.2–2.0 ppm), and the oxygen isotopic composition of this olivine δ¹⁸O = 5.64‰ is higher than that of olivine in mantle peridotites (δ¹⁸O = 5.18 ± 0.28‰). Olivine macrocrysts in kimberlite from the Pionerskaya pipe are dominated by varieties with broadly varying Mg# = 0.90–0.93, high Ti concentrations (100–300 ppm), high ratios Ti/Na (0.90–2.39), Zr/Nb (0.31–1.96), and Zn/Cu (12–56), elevated Li concentrations (1.9–3.4 ppm), and oxygen isotopic composition δ¹⁸O = 5.34‰ corresponding to that of olivine in mantle peridotites. The geochemical and isotopic traits of low-Ti olivine macrocrysts from the Grib pipe are interpreted as evidence that the olivine interacted with carbonate-rich melts/fluids. This conclusion is consistent with the geochemical parameters of model melt in equilibrium with the low-Ti olivine that are similar to those of deep carbonatite melts. Our calculations indicate that the variations in the δ¹⁸O of the olivine relative the “mantle range” (toward both higher and lower values) can be fairly significant: from 4 to 7‰ depending on the composition of the carbonate fluid. These variations were formed at interaction with carbonate fluid, whose δ¹⁸O values do not extend outside the range typical of mantle carbonates. The geochemical parameters of high-Ti olivine macrocrysts from the Grib pipe suggest that their origin was controlled by the silicate (water–silicate) component. This olivine is characterized by a zoned Ti distribution, with the configuration of this distribution between the cores of the crystals and their outer zones showing that the zoning of the cores and outer zones is independent and was produced during two episodes of reaction interaction between the olivine and melt/fluid. The younger episode (when the outer zone was formed) likely involved interaction with kimberlite melt. The transformation of the composition of the cores during the older episode may have been of metasomatic nature, as follows from the fact that the composition varies from grain to grain. The metasomatic episode most likely occurred shortly before the kimberlite melt was emplaced and was related to the partial melting of pyroxenite source material.     

Vermicular orthopyroxene-magnetite symplectites from the Wateranga layered mafic intrusion,Queensland, Australia

Orthopyroxene-magnetite intergrowths (symplectites), partly or completely surrounding olivine, are described from the Wateranga layered mafic intrusion, Queensland, Australia. The texture occurs in unmetamorphosed plagioclase-rich norites, olivine gabbros and troctolites in which the primary minerals are olivine (Fo_63–69) orthopyroxene (En_66–72), clinopyroxene (Wo₄₂En₄₂Fs₁₆), plagioclase (An_49–65), hornblende, ilmenite, magnetite and sulphides. Symplectites range from incipient fine grained developments around corroded olivine grains to intricately formed pseudomorphs after olivine and slow a consistent orthopyroxene/magnetite ratio. Orthopyroxene in symplectites is commonly in optical continuity with surrounding magnetite-free orthopyroxene rims. Later intercumulus hornblended has replaced orthopyroxene. There is marked chemical similarity between primary and simplectite, orthopyroxenes and magnetites. Textures similar to those described here are considered elsewhere to have formed at a late magmatic stage or by solid state reactions involving subsolidus oxidation of olivine. In the Wateranga intrusion textural relations, the chemical similarity between primary and symplectite phases, and the consistent volume proportions of magnetite and orthopyroxene in the intergrowths suggest that they developed during late magmatic crystallization.     

韩国软玉的宝石学特征及结构分析

通过宝石学常规测试、显微硬度计、偏光显微镜观察、扫描电镜测试等方法,对韩国软玉的宝石学参数、结构特征进行了研究。研究表明,韩国产软玉相对密度为2.88～2.95,摩氏硬度为5.45～6.17。偏光显微镜下观察,韩国软玉的主要结构为显微-隐晶质变晶结构,常见交代假像结构、交代残蚀结构、碎裂结构,表明其重结晶作用不强烈。扫描电镜分析表明,韩国软玉的矿物颗粒大小不均,以纤维状为主,同时粗纤维状、柱状斑晶含量较高,纤维状透闪石定向性排列较明显。     

Geochemistry of Rock-Forming Minerals in Mantle Xenoliths from Basalts of Sverre Volcano,Spitsbergen Archipelago

The paper reports the results of SIMS and SEM-EDS study of rock-forming minerals from melt pockets in the central part of a spinel peridotite xenolith taken from Quaternary alkaline basalts of Sverre Volcano in the northwestern part of West Spitsbergen Island. Olivine and clinopyroxene are analyzed to trace changes related to the metasomatic interaction between spinel lherzolite and a carbonate melt with formation of corresponding secondary minerals and silicate glass. It is established that the metasomatic interaction of the carbonate melt with minerals of host spinel lherzolite is accompanied by partial recrystallization of olivine and clinopyroxene, or crystallization of the second generation of these minerals. Percolating carbonate melt caused significant changes in the major, trace, and rare-earth element composition of the considered minerals, thus placing constraints on the use of the composition of these minerals for calculation of P–T parameters, estimating equilibrium, and modeling petrological processes in mantle.     

P–T evolution of meta-peridotite in the Penjwin ophiolite, northeastern Iraq

The Penjwin meta-peridotite rock represents one of the five main metamorphosed ultramafic bodies in Kurdistan region, Northwest Zagros Thrust Zone. It underwent at least two successively low-retrograde metamorphic events with one progressive one which all modified the original mineralogy and texture of primary dunite and harzburgite. The primary upper mantle mineral assemblage olivine?+?orthopyroxene?+?chromian spinel is replaced by olivine?+?tremolite–actiolite?+?anthopylite?+?talc?+?ferichromite?+?Cr-chlorite assemblage of amphibolite facies. The further retrograde metamorphic amphibolite facies assemblage is replaced by lizardite–chrysotile?+?Cr-chlorite?+?syn-serpentinization Cr-magnetite of lower greenschist facies. Later at the main Zagros thrust fault, low greenschist facies underwent progressive metamorphism due to the local effect of shear stress as a result of the exhumation and obduction of Penjwin ophiolite suite over Merga Red bed series during Tertiary. Lizardite–chrysotile transformed to antigorite and producing antigorite?+?carbonate?+?syn-serpentinization Cr-magnetite?+?Cr-chlorite assemblage of upper greenschist facies. Chromian spinel is concentrically zoned as a result of multi-stages retrogressive metamorphic events, in which the Cr # (Cr/(Cr?+?Al)) increases from core to rim (0.5 to 1). Three zones can be identified from core to rim: The core is primary Al-rich and mantled by ferrichromite of amphibolite facies. The most outer zone of chromian spinel grains is represented by syn-serpentinization Cr-magnetite of greenschist facies.     

辽宁营口后仙峪硼矿区超镁橄榄岩的控矿作用

为了研究辽宁营口后仙峪硼矿区超镁橄榄岩与硼矿的关系,作者通过硼矿与超镁橄榄岩两者在产出空间关系、岩石学和地球化学方面的比较,发现:①硼矿体与超镁橄榄岩空间关系上具一致性;②硼矿体与超镁橄榄岩在岩石学上具继承性;③硼矿石、超镁橄榄岩的地球化学特征具相似性,从而得出超镁橄榄岩不仅是该区硼矿的容矿岩石,而且对硼矿的形成有决定性的岩控作用,进一步认为辽东硼矿的容矿岩石不全是镁质大理岩,其他富镁岩石在一定条件下也可成为硼矿的容矿岩石。     

Contrasting types of metasomatism in dunite, wehrlite and websterite xenoliths from Kimberley, South Africa

Dunite, wehrlite and websterite are rare members of the mantle xenolith suite in the Kimberley kimberlites of the Kaapvaal Craton in southern Africa. All three types were originally residues of extensive melt extraction and experienced varying amounts and types of melt re-enrichment. The melt depletion event, dated by Re-Os isotope systematics at 2.9 Ga or older, is evidenced by the high Mg# (Mg/(Mg + Fe)) of silicate minerals (olivine (0.89-0.93); pyroxene (0.88-0.93); garnet (0.72-0.85)), high Cr# (Cr/(Cr + Al)) of spinel (0.53-0.84) and mostly low whole-rock SiO₂, CaO and Al₂O₃ contents. Shortly after melt depletion, websterites were formed by reaction between depleted peridotites and silica-rich melt (>60 wt% SiO₂) derived by partial melting of eclogite before or during cratonization. The melt-peridotite interaction converted olivine into orthopyroxene.All three xenolith types have secondary metasomatic clinopyroxene and garnet, which occur along olivine grain boundaries and have an amoeboid texture. As indicated by the preservation of oxygen isotope disequilibrium in the minerals and trace-element concentrations in clinopyroxene and garnet, this metasomatic event is probably of Mesozoic age and was caused by percolating alkaline basaltic melts. This melt metasomatism enriched the xenoliths in CaO, Al₂O₃, FeO and high-field-strength-elements, and might correspond to the Karoo magmatism at 200 Ma. The websterite xenoliths experienced both the orthoyproxene-enrichment and clinopyroxene-garnet metasomatic events, whereas dunite and wehrlite xenoliths only saw the later basaltic melt event, and may have been situated further away from the source of melt migration channels.     

新疆塔斯特花岗岩的碱交代及其地质意义的探讨

通过对新疆塔斯特花岗岩体岩石结构和地球化学的研究,提出该岩体曾遭受范围较广,强度不大的碱交代作用和碱质深源的新认识,并认为碱作用及其强度是该区金富集规模的控制因素之一。该区地槽褶皱晚期局部松弛的拉张对塔斯特岩体的成岩、分布和碱作用起着控制作用。     

Petrology and mineralogy of dredged gabbro from Gettysburg Bank,eastern Atlantic

Gabbros have been dredged from Gettysburg Bank, 110 km west of Portugal on the Azores/Gibraltar fracture zone. Primary minerals in olivine, pyroxene and brown hornblende gabbros are partially replaced by metamorphic minerals. Igneous textures are inhomogeneously overprinted by a granular polyhedral deformation and a cataclastic deformation. Amphiboles show characteristics which indicate a transition from crystallisation in a magma chamber to formation of amphibole in solid gabbro under metasomatic conditions. Of the amphiboles analysed, chlorine was present in the green amphiboles but below 0.05% in the brown suggesting the penetration of sea water after the formation of the brown amphibole but during the formation of the green.