共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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跨季度动力气候预测系统IAP DCP—Ⅱ 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:7
概述中国科学院大气物理研究所研制的跨季度动力气候预测系统(IAP DCP-Ⅱ),及其在我国夏季降水距平预测业务中的应用情况。该系统的试用始于1988年,1998年定型为现今版本(即IAP DCP-Ⅱ)。1998年起至今,每年预测的检验说明,该系统有较好的跨季度预测能力,能预报出夏季降水距平的大范围分布形势。 相似文献
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中国夏季降水的可预报性研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
利用500hPa高度场资料和中国160个站的月降水资料,根据夏季各种降水型的特征,寻找环流型与降水型的同期及前期关系,确定降水分型的物理意义和前期环流型对降水预报的指示意义,对中国夏季降水的可预报性进行了研究.研究发现,王绍武等[2]的降水分型在环流上有较明显的天气学意义,对应的前期环流型在统计上有显著的差异,可以用来作汛期降水预报.高度场与降水场的关系随考察地区和时间的不同有较明显的变化,这表明控制降水的因子各地并不完全相同,同一地区也随时间而变化.研究表明,对于中国东部地区而言,夏季降水的可预报性在不同区域有一定差异,比较而言,长江中下游地区的可预报性较其它地区要大一些 相似文献
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文章介绍了1997年第22届气候诊断年会,着重讨论了如下5个问题:1997年的厄尔尼诺预报、年代际气候变率、美洲季风与亚洲季风、季度气候预测、气候可预报性研究。 相似文献
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本文运用预报评分(P)、技巧评分(Ss0和距平相关系数(Acc)三各方法、对青海省近十几年业务上使用的20个代表站1988~1997年10年夏季(6~8月)降水距平百分率预报的准确程度进行了评估。结果表明:虽然青海省的地理环境特殊、各地气候差异较大,但青海省的预报质量仍较全国平均水平略高;用P方法比用以往评分方法(Ts)进行预测评定的质量高出近6个百分点;1998年夏季的预报质量远较前十年的平均质 相似文献
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中国区域月气候预测方法和预测能力评估 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
利用我国台站降水和温度观测资料,评估了BCC_AGCM1.0月动力延伸预报的回算和预测、国家气候中心月气候预测业务统计方法、持续性预报以及业务发布预报对中国区域月气候要素的预测能力。结果表明,业务发布月平均温度和降水预测的技巧平均低于动力方法和统计方法的预测结果。温度的持续性预报和最优气候值统计方法预报技巧高于其它统计预报方法,考虑了综合相似特征的统计方法对降水预测有相对的优势。动力延伸预报的三种超前预报时间的预测结果总体高于统计方法,在月气候预测能力上具有明显优势。月尺度预测动力和统计方法评估的年际变化特征表明月降水和温度的可预报性一般在El Nio状态下较高,而在La Nia发生时偏低。 相似文献
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美国第25届气候诊断与预测年会 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
文章介绍了2000年美国第25届气候诊断与预测年会。着重讨论了如下8个问题:最近的ENSO特征,气候异常的诊断,季风降水,ENSO预测,ENSO影响的模拟,陆面过程,模式预测与可预报性,气候预测业务。 相似文献
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该文系统地介绍了国内外评估月、季尺度短期气候预测结果的方法 ,比较了相关系数(R)、预报技巧分 (S)和准确率 (P)的特点 ,并对当前国内外气候预测业务水平进行了分析 ,着重对大气环流、气温、降水及 ENSO的预测水平进行了评估 ,指出国内外月、季尺度的降水预报的水平目前在 55%~ 60 %左右 ,对 ENSO的发生、结束和强度的预报水平有限 .文中探讨了短期气候预测的可预报性问题 ,提出月、季尺度气候预测的可预报性的理论上限可能为 6~ 1 2月 ,准确率在 80 %~ 85%之间 . 相似文献
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A review of seasonal climate prediction research in China 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
WANG Huijun FAN Ke SUN Jianqi LI Shuanglin LIN Zhaohui ZHOU Guangqing CHEN Lijuan LANG Xianmei LI Fang ZHU Yali CHEN Hong ZHENG Fei 《大气科学进展》2015,32(2):149-168
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欧洲多个耦合气候模式对东亚冬季气候的预测性能研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在短期气候预测方法中,多模式集合预测作为一种实用方法得到了广泛的研究。利用DEMETER多模式集合预测系统1980—2001年的回报试验,研究了欧洲7个耦合模式对东亚地区(0°—60°N,70°—140°E)冬季大气环流和气候异常的预测效能。研究的气候要素是冬季500 hPa高度场、850 hPa风场、表面气温场和降水场。集合平均(EM)是最基本的多模式集合构建方法。为了进一步订正模式预测的误差,基于经验正交函数分解进行订正,产生“合成数据集”,并利用该数据集进行合成集合平均或合成超级集合(SEM/SSE)。研究表明,东亚地区冬季气候异常的模式预测效能热带高于中高纬度地区,海洋高于内陆。多模式集合平均和合成集合平均或合成超级集合均从整体上对东亚地区冬季气候异常的预测效能有一定程度的提高,体现了其相对于7个单一模式的优势。两类不同的多模式集合方法对预测结果也有一定的影响,其中,合成集合平均或合成超级集合对冬季500 hPa高度场、850 hPa风场和降水场异常的预测效能优于集合平均;但是对于冬季表面气温场异常的预测,集合平均优于合成集合平均或合成超级集合。 相似文献
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针对江苏夏季旱涝和高温热浪等异常气候的预测难题,以江苏夏季站点降水和气温为预测目标,建立了一种基于全球动力模式BCC_CSM1.1(m)和最优可预测气候模态和异常相对倾向(SMART)原理结合的统计降尺度季节气候预测方法。利用历史观测资料和SVD方法提取决定中国夏季降水异常相对倾向的同期热带地区向外长波辐射(Outgoing Longwave Radiation,OLR)和北半球中高纬500 hPa位势高度场异常相对倾向的最优可预测气候模态,并利用逐步回归法构建其与同期江苏站点降水和气温异常相对倾向同期关系的统计降尺度模型;将动力模式对最优可预测气候模态的预测带入统计降尺度模型,实现对区域降水和气温异常相对倾向的预测;最后通过引入观测的近期背景异常实现对降尺度的降水和气温总距平的预测。通过对1991—2019年江苏夏季降水和气温的回报检验表明,本文建立的统计降尺度模型效果较BCC_CSM1.1(m)动力模式的直接预测效果有显著提高,为区域精细化季节气候预测提供了一种有效的手段。 相似文献
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AnalysisofCausesandSeasonalPredictionoftheSevereFloodsinYangtze/HuaiheBasinsduringSummer1991XuQun(徐群)(JiangsuMeteorologicalin... 相似文献
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Winter Asia Jetstream and Seasonal Precipitation in East China 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
WinterAsiaJetstreamandSeasonalPrecipitationinEastChina¥LitrngPingde(梁平德)andLiuAixia(刘爱霞)WinterAsiaJetstreamandSeasonalPrecipi?.. 相似文献
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Investigations on the short-term climate predictions by general circulation models(GCMs)inChina have been summarized and reviewed in this paper.The research shows that GCMs have thecapability to predict the seasonal and annual characteristics of atmospheric circulation in theNorthern Hemisphere and the patterns of temperature and precipitation over China.It is inspiringto notice that the GCMs have the ability to predict the summer rainfall over China before twoseasons.Several issues for the short-term climate prediction by the GCMs have been discussed inthis paper. 相似文献
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In terms of the modular fuzzy neural network (MFNN) combining fuzzy c-mean (FCM) cluster and single-layer neural network, a short-term climate prediction model is developed. It is found from modeling results that the MFNN model for short-term climate prediction has advantages of simple structure, no hidden layer and stable network parameters because of the assembling of sound functions of the selfadaptive learning, association and fuzzy information processing of fuzzy mathematics and neural network methods. The case computational results of Guangxi flood season (JJA) rainfall show that the mean absolute error (MAE) and mean relative error (MRE) of the prediction during 1998 2002 are 68.8 mm and 9.78%, and in comparison with the regression method, under the conditions of the same predictors and period they are 97.8 mm and 12.28% respectively. Furthermore, it is also found from the stability analysis of the modular model that the change of the prediction results of independent samples with training times in the stably convergent interval of the model is less than 1.3 mm. The obvious oscillation phenomenon of prediction results with training times, such as in the common back-propagation neural network (BPNN) model, does not occur, indicating a better practical application potential of the MFNN model. 相似文献
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A nested regional climate model has been experimentally used in the seasonal prediction at the China National Climate Center (NCC) since 2001. The NCC/IAP (Institute of Atmospheric Physics) T63 coupled GCM (CGCM) provides the boundary and initial conditions for driving the regional climate model (RegCM NCC). The latter has a 60-km horizontal resolution and improved physical parameterization schemes including the mass flux cumulus parameterization scheme, the turbulent kinetic energy closure scheme (TKE) and an improved land process model (LPM). The large-scale terrain features such as the Tibetan Plateau are included in the larger domain to produce the topographic forcing on the rain-producing systems. A sensitivity study of the East Asian climate with regard to the above physical processes has been presented in the first part of the present paper. This is the second part, as a continuation of Part I. In order to verify the performance of the nested regional climate model, a ten-year simulation driven by NCEP reanalysis datasets has been made to explore the performance of the East Asian climate simulation and to identify the model’s systematic errors. At the same time, comparative simulation experiments for 5 years between the RegCM2 and RegCM NCC have been done to further understand their differences in simulation performance. Also, a ten-year hindcast (1991–2000) for summer (June–August), the rainy season in China, has been undertaken. The preliminary results have shown that the RegCM NCC is capable of predicting the major seasonal rain belts. The best predicted regions with high anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC) are located in the eastern part of West China, in Northeast China and in North China, where the CGCM has maximum prediction skill as well. This fact may reflect the importance of the largescale forcing. One significant improvement of the prediction derived from RegCM NCC is the increase of ACC in the Yangtze River valley where the CGCM has a very low, even a negative, ACC. The reason behind this improvement is likely to be related to the more realistic representation of the large-scale terrain features of the Tibetan Plateau. Presumably, many rain-producing systems may be generated over or near the Tibetan Plateau and may then move eastward along the Yangtze River basin steered by upper-level westerly airflow, thus leading to enhancement of rainfalls in the mid and lower basins of the Yangtze River. The real-time experimental predictions for summer in 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004 by using this nested RegCM NCC were made. The results are basically reasonable compared with the observations. 相似文献
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中国东部夏季降水80年振荡与东亚夏季风的关系 总被引:22,自引:4,他引:22
利用中国东部1470-1999年夏季降水级别资料和1951-1999年夏季降水观测资料,以及1871-2000年北半球海平面气压资料研究了中国东部夏季降水与东亚夏季风的关系。研究表明华北及东北南部、长江中下游地区和华南夏季降水存在明显的80年振荡,华北夏季降水的80年振荡与华南同位相,与长江中下游反位相。华北夏季降水与海平面气压在120°-130°E,20°-25°N区域内呈负相关,在121°-130°E,20°-25°N区域内呈正相关,并达到 95%信度。因此,利用这两个区域平均海平面气压差定义了一个表征夏季西南风强度的东亚夏季风指数。当东亚夏季风强时,华北夏季降水偏多,同时长江中下游少雨;当东亚夏季风接近正常时,华北干旱,长江中下游多雨。最后,利用530年的华北夏季降水长序列资料研究了东亚夏季风的年代际变率。 相似文献