河北省石家庄地区晚更新世晚期古菱齿象-披毛犀动物群及其古气候

河北省石家庄市郊区地下7～24m的古滹沱河沉积物中产出丰富的大型哺乳类化石:诺氏古菱齿象(Palaeoloxodon naumanni)、原始牛(Bos primigenius)、杨氏水牛(Bubalus youngi)、披毛犀(Coelodonta antiquitatis)、鹿(Cervus sp.)、四不像鹿(E...     

渤海湾西晚更新世以来3期海侵与古河道研究

通过对钻孔岩心详细的沉积特征、微体古生物、测年(AMS 14C、OSL)等综合研究,表明研究区晚更新世以来受到区域性的3期海侵事件影响,多表现为边缘海滨海湖沼相沉积。同时,追踪了3期海侵最大影响边界：晚更新世早期最大海侵(第3海侵层)位于唐官屯-西长屯-梁头镇;晚期最大海侵(第2海侵层)位于大黄洼-三呼庄一带;全新世海侵(第1海侵层)使整个研究区受到影响,其最大影响边界需进一步开展向西追踪工作,前人资料显示可西至文安县。另外,晚更新世以来发育4期古河道,且影响和制约海侵层及影响范围。二者相互作用,形成晚更新世以来的海陆交互沉积地层格架和滨浅海冲海积平原。利用年代学及深海氧同位素MIS(Marine isotope stages)1、3、5阶段3期海侵层标志层位等,对4期古河道形成时代进行了限定。结果表明,自下而上的4期古河道形成于MIS 5、MIS 4、MIS 3晚期-早全新世早期、晚全新世。研究结果可为该区域晚更新世以来的古地理演变、陆海变迁及水工环地质调查提供重要的地学资料。     

Preliminary investigation of Late Pleistocene fauna from Ryonggok Cave No. 1, Sangwon County,North Hwanghae Province,Democratic People's Republic of Korea

The investigation of a limestone cave on the Ryonggok-ri of Sangwon County, North Hwanghae Province, DPRK, has yielded many faunal remains including Late Pleistocene deer, brown bears and horses. Uranium series dating of fossil teeth yielded dates of ~72ka at the base of Layer 2 – the bone-bearing unit – and ~44ka at the top. The rich and diverse mammal remains of Ryonggok Cave No. 1 are indicative of warm and humid temperate conditions during the Late Pleistocene, and reflect the presence of both dense forests and open grassland. In addition, pollen and spores from the site include two families and 24 genera of trees, six families and a genus of grasses and herbs, and two families and six genera of ferns, corroborating the environments inferred from the faunal remains.     

A Late Pleistocene marine clay succession at Kriegers Flak,westernmost Baltic,southern Scandinavia

In the Baltic Sea south of Skåne county in southern Sweden, an over- consolidated marine clay succession on the northeastern slope of Kriegers Flak was observed in shallow seismic data as a unit overlain by younger Weichselian sediments. Two cores were taken from the clay succession. The Foraminifera present were predominantly of two species, Elphidium excavatum and Elphidium albiumbilicatum, reflecting deposition under arctic– boreal conditions. Stable oxygen isotope analyses were performed on foraminiferal tests, and the results show extremely light δ¹⁸O values ranging between −11‰ and −12‰. The cause of these extreme values is uncertain but may result from the high influence of meltwater. Brackish conditions are also indicated by the tolerance for low salinity shown by the Foraminifera. Radiocarbon dating shows an infinite age >40000 yr BP. The pollen flora seems mainly to have been redeposited, which makes interpretation difficult. The sea may have entered the Baltic basin during periods with high eustatic levels, an isostatic downloading of the crust, or a combination of both. It is suggested that the deposition of the overconsolidated marine clay succession occurred in the Late Saalian, Early Eemian or Early Weichselian. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Late Pleistocene lithostratigraphy and sequences in the southwestern Mesopotamia (Argentina): Evidences of the last interglacial stage

The aim of this paper is to show the stratigraphic record of the Late Pleistocene corresponding to the distal region of the Paraná River basin. It displays sedimentological, paleontological and geochronological evidences that characterise the last interglacial–glacial cycle. In particular, strong environmental records are shown for the Last Interglacial Stage (LIS). Salto Ander Egg Formation (SAEF) is defined as a new lithostratigraphic unit representative of the Late Pleistocene in southwestern Mesopotamia. This unit is formed of complex fluvial deposits, which contains a heterogeneous collection of sub-environments, of ages ranging from 120 to 60 ky BP. The clast-supported gravel facies containing sparse boulders indicate high flow during a humid climate. The large and middle-scale architectures of fluvial sedimentary bodies evidence the relationship between the sediment accommodation and the sea level oscillations. Three sub-sequences identified in the succession suggest a transgressive trend during the MIS5e, a highstand stage in MIS5c, and a minor transgressive cycle during MIS3. A Brazilian faunal association collected at the bottom of the sequence and sedimentological interpretations display wet and warm climatic conditions, typical of tropical or subtropical environments. Such environmental conditions are characteristic of the maximum of the last interglacial stage (MIS5e) and show a signal stronger than the signal of the current interglacial stage. All these data show a direct correlation between the increases of paleodischarges and the elevation of the sea level. The whole sequence is completed with transitional swampy deposits, accumulated probably during the MIS3/MIS2 transition, and the typical loess of the Tezanos Pinto Formation, mantled during the Last Maximum Glacial.     

河南晚更新世—全新世黄土记录的环境变化及物源特征

基于河南新郑县的一套完整晚更新世—全新世黄土古土壤剖面(格大张剖面),应用端元分析模型,对75个沉积样品的粒度分析数据进行分析,并对各端元组分在地层深度对应的时间尺度上做了小波变换。结果认为,从格大张剖面沉积物粒级组分中可以分离出三个沉积端元,端元1可能指示了东亚夏季风作用动力特征,夏季风的强弱引起的温湿变化造成相应时期内沉积物的古土壤化的强弱;端元2可能指示了东亚冬季风作用下沙尘暴沉积动力作用特征,代表了典型风成黄土的粗颗粒组分特征;端元3粒级组分更粗,代表了更强搬运动力条件,应属于东北风搬运黄泛平原粗颗粒而来的近源沉积物,距今3100 a以来尤为显著。根据小波分析结果,认为各端元组分在不同的时间尺度上具有周期性特点。端元分析法在指示沉积物沉积动力环境和物源特征上具有很好的效果,各端元组合特征能够敏感地反映出沉积动力组合特征,很好地反映晚更新世以来各动力变化特征。采用小波分析方法对识别各端元组的周期性特征以及根据目前状态推断未来可能的趋势具有参考意义。     

苏州澄湖SC1孔晚更新世晚期以来的古环境演变研究

通过对苏州澄湖SC1孔沉积物的粒度、磁化率、孢粉和有孔虫等的实验分析,并结合沉积物的岩性构造特征以及AMS 14C测年数据,探讨了晚更新世晚期以来苏州澄湖地区的气候波动特征以及海侵、海退沉积巡回序列。研究发现该区域气候与世界气候波动性一致,具有温暖湿润-冷而略干-温暖湿润-暖热潮湿-温凉略干-温暖湿润的波动变化特征;晚更新世晚期以来具有两个海相沉积地层,一为晚更新世晚期海侵(约为34 kaBP),另一为全新世中期海侵(（6 955±50）aBP);整个剖面缺失硬粘土层,与之对应的则是两海相地层之间的泥砂互层;沉积环境经历了晚更新世晚期海侵期河床、河漫滩相-末次冰期干冷期河流湖沼相-全新世早期河口湾亚相-全新世中期滨浅海相-全新世晚期淡水湖沼相的演变过程。     

山东广饶地区晚更新世以来沉积演化与古气候变迁

受晚更新世以来海侵影响,渤海西南内陆第四系浅层经历了复杂的海陆交替演化。利用4口钻孔取芯井和88口静力触探井资料,采用现代测试技术和地层对比的方法对渤海西南内陆广饶地区第四系浅层进行沉积学综合研究。广饶地区地表以下30 m内,南部以风成黄土沉积为主,北部自上而下发育两期海相层,在研究区称为第一、第二海侵层,分别是10~4 ka B.P.的黄骅海侵层和40~28 ka B.P.的献县海侵层。黄土沉积于晚更新世玉木冰期,在研究区南部以17 m为界划分为大站组和羊栏河组(未见底)。晚更新世以来发生两期海侵事件(黄骅海侵、献县海侵),在海侵范围最大时到达广饶地区,先后对冰期沉积黄土层侵蚀改造,形成了“上超型海蚀黄土”的海侵演化模式。根据海侵与黄土沉积演化所对应的古气候变迁,将研究区晚更新世以来气候演变划分为6个期次:干冷期、温暖湿润期、干冷偏凉期、温暖期、潮湿湿润期和现代气候期,对应不同的沉积演化特征。     

Late Permian (Lopingian) foraminifers from the Doi Chiang Dao Limestone in the Inthanon Zone of Northern Thailand

Late Permian foraminifers were found from six localities belonging to the Doi Chiang Dao Limestone, which is considered as having a Paleo-Tethyan seamount-capping carbonates origin, distributed in the Inthanon Zone of Northern Thailand. Among them, three age-diagnostic assemblages are recognized. They are represented by the occurrences of Codonofusiella kwangsiana, Palaeofusulina cf. minima, and P. prisca, and are referable to the Wuchiapingian, early Changhsingian, and late Changhsingian, respectively. In particular, the discovery of an assemblage characterized by advanced Palaeofusulina (P. prisca) is significant because it clearly indicates that the deposition of the Doi Chiang Dao Limestone had continued until the very end of the Permian. These three Late Permian assemblages can be compared with those recently reported from the Shifodong Formation of Pa-leo-Tethyan mid-oceanic carbonates in the Changning-Menglian Belt of West Yunnan, Southwest China.     

大兴安岭北段雅鲁河断裂晚更新世活动记录

大兴安岭北段雅鲁河断裂为典型的活动断层,对区域晚更新世地质和地貌演化及现代地震具有控制意义。在扎兰屯市成吉思汗镇北雅鲁河东侧发现雅鲁河断裂活动记录,以野外资料为基础,通过相关松散堆积物的光释光测年,厘定断层活动特征和活动时限,并结合相关经验公式,估测该记录反映的古地震特征。研究结果显示,雅鲁河断裂晚更新世在扎兰屯南部地区存在断层活动,断层走向近SN向、倾向265°、倾角约55°,性质为逆断层;断层活动错断了中生代流纹岩和晚更新世早-中期洪冲积物,并被晚更新世晚期残积和冲积物覆盖,断层活动发生在距今53.4±6.7~39.1±3.6ka之间;活动记录所反映的古地震矩震级(M0)和面波震级(Ms)为6.7级,地震发生时地表破裂长度(SRL)约为30.2~37.8km。     

长江三角洲晚更新世第一硬土层研究进展

长江三角洲晚更新世晚期的第一硬土层是划分更新统与全新统地层界面的标志层,也是上海中、高层建筑物的主要桩基持力层,具有第四纪科学研究和工程地质应用价值。由于缺乏明显指相意义的沉积标志和古生物化石等特征,对于第一硬土层的成因、物源和次生演化等问题,各家学者的观点相差甚远,至今没有达成共识。在讨论第一硬土层的沉积年代、沉积环境和沉积特征的基础上,评析了硬土层研究中的三大争论,即成因的"水成与风成"之争,物源的"近源与远源"之争和次生演化过程之争,认为硬土层经历了复杂的冷暖干湿变化和海侵海退旋回,可划分为早期冷干环境的沉积阶段、中期全新世海侵之前暖湿环境的风化和成土阶段、后期海侵及海退之后的掩埋改造阶段等3个时期。解决第一硬土层争论的途径是建立高精度连续年代序列标尺,运用地层追踪方法进行区域性标志地层的对比,在此基础上探索硬土层的形成与演化机制。     

Recent TIMS dating results from British Late Pleistocene vertebrate faunal localities: context and interpretation

New TIMS dates from British sites underpin and extend the growing model of mammalian faunal history during the Late Pleistocene. The sequence of British faunas during the three successive warm phases of MIS 5 presents a challenging model in which the mammal faunas of the first two temperate phases, 5e and 5c is dominated by species of a classically interglacial character, while that of the final phase, sub‐stage 5a, is dominated by bison and reindeer. This we see as the ‘cold fauna’ appearing in Britain during the cool isotope sub‐stage 5b and subsequently isolated by the rising sea level of isotope sub‐stage 5a. All these three faunas are true island faunas. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

南黄海西北部晚更新世以来的沉积环境演化

利用在南黄海西北部陆架获得的3500 km高分辨率浅地层剖面资料,结合3口地质钻孔的岩芯资料,建立了研究区晚更新世以来的沉积地层格架,厘定了地层地质年代。研究表明,过孔的浅地层剖面与钻孔岩芯的沉积地层有很好的对应关系。浅地层剖面可划分出5个主要不整合面(T5～T1)和6个主要地震单元(SU6-SU1),相应的钻孔岩芯可划分出6个主要的沉积单元(DU6-DU1),反映了大约128 ka以来的地层结构和沉积环境演化。钻孔沉积物岩性相特征、测年数据和地层反射特征表明研究区氧同位素5期(MIS5)发育了滨浅海相和三角洲相沉积,MIS 4发育了河流湖泊相沉积,MIS 3发育了三角洲相沉积,MIS 2发育了河流和河口相沉积,MIS 1发育了近岸水下楔形沉积。晚更新世以来,南黄海构造相对稳定,影响沉积环境演化的主要因素是海平面变化和沉积物物源。本文的研究对于深入了解南黄海西北部陆海相互作用过程、地质环境演化以及揭示全球变化的区域响应具有重要的科学意义。     

利用贝类(Lamprotula)化石碳氧同位素再建山西丁村地区晚更新世气候环境

较大的湖泊中的贝类生长线的氧同位素可能记录了季节性的温度变化。对拔氏丽蚌 (楔丽蚌 )Lamprotula(Cuneolamprotula)bazini (Heude)和环带丽蚌 (丽蚌 )Lamprotula (Lamprotula)zonata (Heude)的生长线进行氧同位素研究表明,前者有较强的适应环境变化的能力。δ18O值记录的襄汾地区晚更新世的古温度为 2 0～ 2 4℃至 30～34℃,古降雨量多出现代 2 0 0～ 2 6 7mm,河水排泄不畅,积水成湖。这些结果给人的启示是:全球变暖后,该地区气温可能有较大升幅 ;降雨量的增加有可能在排水不畅地区形成水灾,应注意防患于未然。     

晚更新世以来冲绳海槽天文驱动的气候变化: 来自CSHC-15钻孔的证据

东海冲绳海槽是一个年轻的弧后盆地,自中新世以来接受了来自长江、黄河以及陆架输送的物质,具有高沉积速率和富有机质等沉积特征,但是沉积记录的年代学约束较为薄弱,影响了对气候信号变化的解读。本研究以冲绳海槽中北部CSHC-15钻孔的60 m连续样品为对象,选取高分辨率的主微量元素含量作为古气候替代指标开展天文年代学分析,采用碳同位素测年数据和底栖有孔虫氧同位素记录作为年龄约束,建立该钻孔约200 ka以来的沉积记录变化。通过对沉积物时间域Al、K、Ti等主微量元素含量序列进行频谱分析,观察到显著的100 ka短偏心率、41 ka斜率、约23 ka岁差以及10 ka半岁差周期。由于该钻孔的底栖有孔虫种属存在差异,在没有放射性同位素年龄的约束下,氧同位素值与国际标准曲线LR04的对比结果效果不佳。因此,本研究利用La04天文轨道模型的岁差周期进行约束,进行精细的天文调谐,以获得可靠的地层年代框架;此外,结合贝叶斯统计的年龄模型分析方法,计算了该天文年代标尺的误差范围,从而进一步提高了对冲绳海槽晚更新世以来沉积记录年代的可靠性,其结果有助于深入探究气候变化和环境演化的影响。

     

Reworked marine pythonomorph (Reptilia,Squamata) remains in Late Pleistocene cave deposits in central Spain

Three sites at the Calvero de la Higuera complex (Camino Cave, Navalmaíllo Rock Shelter, and Buena Pinta Cave), near the village of Pinilla del Valle (Madrid, Spain), are known for their record of Neanderthals and other Late Pleistocene mammals. Occasionally, they also yield much more ancient reworked remains, which come from the Upper Cretaceous dolomites and carbonatic sandstones in which these caves and shelters are developed. These are mostly teeth of sharks and rays and vertebrae and teeth of bony fishes, but several reptile vertebrae and teeth have also been found. These reptile remains, which we describe here, likely belong to the pythonomorph incertae sedis Carentonosaurus cf. mineaui. This taxon is known from several outcrops in the southwest of France but is rare on the Iberian Peninsula; indeed, only a few remains possibly related to the genus have been found (in the Cabaña Formation, Asturias, Spain). The pythonomorph remains discussed here are the first fossils of marine reptiles from the Madrid region. Should the assignment to Carentonosaurus be confirmed, the teeth would provide novel data on the characteristics of this rather poorly known taxon, and might help clarify its phylogenetic relationship within Pythonomorpha.     

New records of temperate mollusks in two Late Pleistocene terrestrial localities from northeastern Oaxaca,Southern Mexico

The Mixteca Alta Oaxaqueña is in the state of Oaxaca, southern Mexico. This region is characterized by numerous Pleistocene fossiliferous localities. The objective of this study is to describe a diverse assemblage of Late Pleistocene freshwater and terrestrial mollusks in two localities from northeastern Oaxaca, Coixtlahuaca District. We identified 10 taxa of gastropods and one of bivalves. By the sedimentological characteristics and the mollusks assemblage, it is possible to relate the first locality with meandriform river deposits, without vegetation. The second locality was associated with a floodplain with short-lived associated vegetation. Five identified species constitute the most austral records of these taxa in Neartic Realm. In all the taxa, the Late Pleistocene occurrences constitute the last records of the identified mollusks in the study zone.     

银川盆地PL02钻孔孢粉记录的晚上新世-早更新世时期的古气候变化周期

晚上新世-早更新世时期是全球环境发生转折的重要过渡时期。银川盆地位于中国西北内陆地区,同时又处于干旱与半干旱区域的交界地带,在盆地内部蕴藏着丰富的新生代沉积,是研究古环境演化的理想区域,深度为720.77 m的PL02钻孔位于盆地内部的沉降中心附近,属于典型沉降盆地的洪泛沉积环境。本文选取银川盆地PL02钻孔下部(深度705.7~247.9 m)晚上新世-早更新世时期(古地磁年龄3.3~1.5 Ma)的孢粉、磁化率及粒度等指标,通过孢粉分析、频谱分析和小波变换等方法,恢复了银川盆地晚上新世-早更新世时期的古环境演化特征,并对该时期的古气候变化周期进行分析。研究结果显示：银川盆地在晚上新世时期(约2.8 Ma)气候已经开始逐渐变冷变干;进入早更新世时期(约2.6 Ma),研究区气候变得更加干旱并且冷暖波动较大;同时,孢粉、磁化率和粒度等指标均反映出银川盆地晚上新世-早更新世时期古气候变化具有较显著的约20 ka的岁差周期与约40 ka的地轴倾角周期,但约100 ka的地球轨道偏心率周期仅在个别指标中有所表现。另外,本研究结果与中国黄土高原和深海氧同位素记录所揭示的晚上新世-早更新世时期气候变化周期较为一致。因此,认为银川盆地在该时期的气候波动可能受到了地球轨道因素的影响,且与全球环境变化具有相似性。