The Middle Triassic (Anisian) Otter Sandstone biota (Devon,UK): review,recent discoveries and ways ahead

The Middle Triassic (Anisian) Otter Sandstone was laid down mostly by braided rivers in a desert environment and is now well exposed along the south-east Devon coast in south-west England, part of the ‘Jurassic Coast’ World Heritage Site. It yields uncommon and generally fragmentary fossils, principally of vertebrates, including fish, temnospondyl amphibians and reptiles such as rhynchosaurs, predatory archosaurs, and small superficially lizard-like forms. These provide important information about a freshwater and terrestrial ecosystem that marks recovery from the end-Permian mass extinction, but pre-dated the appearance of dinosaurs and mammals. The constantly eroding Otter Sandstone exposures continue to reveal new taxa (for example, freshwater sharks). Furthermore, microvertebrate material obtained by sieving bone-bearing levels has the potential to further expand the faunal list. Newly discovered associated and articulated vertebrate remains, including small tetrapods, improve knowledge of whole-body anatomy and facilitate systematic work. Invertebrate burrows and reptile footprints provide information on ecological interactions and detailed bed-by-bed collecting casts light on taphonomic processes and faunal changes over time.     

Preparation and After-Treatment of BaMgAl10 O17 ：Mn^2＋

INTRODUCTION The properties of phosphor usedin a plasma dis-play panel (PDP) affect the performance of the PDP(Okazaki et al .,2000 ; Rao and Devine ,2000) . Theluminescent properties of the phosphor are decided bythe morphology ,particle size and size distribution ofthe powder ,sothe requirements for the powder mor-phology are high in a color PDP which belongs to ahigh resolution display apparatus (I m et al .,2005 ;Yang et al ., 2005) . Studies have shown that withsmall particle si…     

多元逐步回归分析应用于固化土强度与微结构参数相关性评价

用石灰固化不同含盐量的滨海盐渍土,固化后土微结构参数发生了变化,力学强度大幅度提高。多元逐步回归分析计算结果表明二者之间存在着良好的相关关系,颗粒粒度分维、颗粒定向分维、等效直径、扁圆度和面积比是对固化土力学强度影响较为显著的5个微结构参数。借助土微结构参数与强度间的相关性计算分析,从另外一个角度验证石灰对滨海盐渍土的固土作用。     

Impact of anthropogenic geochemical change and aquifer geology on groundwater phosphorus concentrations

Geologic and geochemical variations across a 4200 km² area of south-central Wisconsin (USA) were used to examine their relationship to phosphorus concentrations in groundwater from more than four hundred private water supply wells. Surficial geology in the study area ranged from Cambrian sandstones to Ordovician dolomites. Groundwater phosphorus concentrations were higher in aquifers of older Cambrian age compared to the concentrations in aquifers of younger Cambrian and Ordovician age. Because iron concentrations were relatively low in these waters and agricultural land use was similar in all geologic regions, we propose that the differences in bedrock phosphorus and anthropogenic geochemical impacts explain the differences in phosphorus concentrations between aquifers. Within the older Cambrian aquifers, groundwater phosphorus concentrations were elevated in groundwater with higher nitrate-nitrogen concentrations. This finding is consistent with the presence of phosphorus within sediment in these strata and geologic conditions that weakly buffered pH reduction from anthropogenic acidification. In contrast, groundwater phosphorus concentrations in younger Cambrian and Ordovician aquifers were not elevated in samples with higher nitrate. Anthropogenic acidification in these carbonate-rich aquifers was neutralized through increased carbonate weathering, which led to higher groundwater calcium and alkalinity and would limit the dissolution of phosphate-rich minerals, such as apatite, where present. Low iron concentrations observed in most samples suggest that the phosphorus release in the Cambrian strata occurs beyond the zone of secondary mineral retention in the soil. These results have important implications for the eutrophication of inland surface waters in areas with bedrock phosphorus and anthropogenic acidity that is not neutralized before it contacts phosphatic rock.     

熔融制样X射线荧光光谱法测定高铬赤泥中主次量组分

高铬红土型铝铁复合矿经钠盐还原焙烧-磁选-浸出后,铬等有价金属在赤泥中富集(Cr₂O₃含量达到3%~30%),属难熔复合矿物,目前主要以化学分析方法为主,但操作复杂,且步骤繁琐,分析周期长。而应用X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)分析测定,一般采用钠盐熔剂、较高稀释比等熔融制样,不利于钠以及低含量元素的测定。本文采用四硼酸锂-偏硼酸锂(67:33)作混合熔剂,硝酸铵作氧化剂,饱和溴化锂溶液作脱模剂制备玻璃熔片,建立了波长色散型XRF测定高铬赤泥中主次量组分(铬硅铝铁镁钙钠钾硫磷钛锰钒)的分析方法。研究表明,熔样稀释比低于24:1时,稀释比越低,对铂金坩埚腐蚀越严重;稀释比在24:1时制样方法的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=10)最低;熔样时间越长,温度越高,RSD越低。由此确定熔样最优条件为稀释比24:1,熔样时间15 min,熔样温度1100℃。分析中采用铬铁矿、铝土矿、黏土、铁矿石国家标准物质及人工标准样品校准,基本参数法进行基体校正,方法精密度(RSD,n=10)为0.3%~3.9%。与国内外其他含铬矿物的XRF分析方法相比,本方法采用不添加钠盐、一次熔片、常规熔样温度(1100℃)、低稀释比(24:1)等进行制样,制样方法的精密度和分析精密度均低,解决了高铬赤泥的XRF分析方法问题,还可扩展到高铬、铝、硅、铁等复合矿原矿及其钠盐处理焙烧矿、精矿及尾矿的XRF分析。