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《广东气象》2017,(3)
利用高分辨率的自动气象观测资料和大气成分在线观测资料,分析了深圳大雾天气的时空变化特征以及区域间大雾持续时间和污染特征的异同。结果表明:深圳大雾日数总体呈减少的趋势;冬春季是大雾多发期,其中2月至4月上旬最为集中,凌晨至早晨是高发时段;深圳大雾空间差异性大,总体呈东多西少分布,东部沿海是区域大雾的多发区;大雾过程一般持续1~2 d,多为短历时雾,3h内完成生成、消散过程;位于东部沿海地区的盐田港站大雾过程持续日数和时长均较西部的竹子林基地站长,易出现持续时间长、影响日数多、强度大的大雾过程;大雾发生时竹子林基地站常伴随污染出现(轻度及以上污染概率34%),而盐田港站污染天气较少(5%),各类污染物质量浓度均低于竹子林基地站;大雾时竹子林基地站首要污染物以PM_(2.5)为主(92%),盐田港站为PM_(2.5)(68%)和O3(27%)。 相似文献
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陇东冰雹天气特征分析及预报预警 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《高原气象》2016,(6)
利用2008-2013年常规观测资料、区域站和自动站资料以及灾情资料,对收集到符合标准的陇东地区53个冰雹个例进行了强对流天气诊断分析,建立了陇东冰雹天气概念模型,通过对物理量及雷达产品特征的分析,确立了预报指标,并利用2014年部分个例进行了效果检验。结果表明,700 h Pa与500 h Pa温差、K指数、SI指数、LI指数、θse_(500)-θse_(700)、-20℃及0℃高度层、0~6 km垂直风切变等物理量指标对陇东地区0~12 h冰雹的潜势预报提供了很好的参考;而回波强度、回波顶高、垂直液态水含量、45 d BZ强回波顶高度、H45d BZ-H0、最强回波对应的高度等雷达产品预报指标则对12~30 min冰雹临近预报预警提供了定性甚至定量化的判据。 相似文献
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应用常规气象观测、加密自动站、能见度观测等资料和NCEP FNL再分析资料,对2014年辽宁地区一次罕见的长时间大范围强浓雾天气的成因进行诊断。结果表明:2014年11月20-22日辽宁地区大雾过程分为两个阶段,其中21日14-16时大雾爆发性发展后,特强浓雾持续12 h,此种情况在辽宁近20 a比较罕见。大雾第一阶段为辐射雾,雾前低层弱暖平流利于升温,大雾期间中层弱冷平流利于出现晴空辐射条件,夜间在辐射降温作用下,975 hPa高度以下形成逆温;气温下降、温度露点差减小、相对湿度增大;近地面微风利于降温,同时水汽不易流出,逆温作用使得水汽不易向高层扩散,近地面层水汽浓度增大,导致第一阶段大雾快速发展。大雾第二阶段为锋面雾,大雾快速发展期间无逆温、有弱冷锋过境,锋面附近辐合导致水汽上升冷却凝结,同时锋面附近低云降下雨滴在干冷空气中蒸发,利于近地面附近水汽饱和、冷凝,是大雾快速发展的原因。 相似文献
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以1990~2002年共13年冬春季(11月至次年4月)发生在沿海地区(北海、钦州、合浦、防城和防港五区县)的大范围大雾个例为基础进行研究分析,得出沿海出现大范围大雾的四种天气形势,分别为锋面北退型,暖低控制型、锋前槽前型、槽后冷高型和副高边缘型,总结出这五种天气形势的特征,并分析了出现大范围大雾前地面各要素的特征,得出大范围大雾出现前24h地面场的有利条件。根据上述研究结果,建立广西沿海地区大范围大雾预报系统,该系统读取欧洲中心,日本和T 213的数值预报产品,自动判断是否符合沿海大范围大雾出现的天气形势特征,当符合沿海大范围大雾出现的天气形势时,进一步判断是否具备大范围大雾出现的有利条件,综合判断沿海地区是否会出现大范围大雾天气,并将结果自动输出。 相似文献
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华南春季一次锋面大雾的边界层特征 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
低能见度天气是影响飞行正常的主要天气。春季华南地区由锋面引起的大雾(能见度<1000m)是造成低能见度天气的主要原因之一。本文对白云机场1999年3月24和25日两天的锋面大雾天气过程进行分析,得出华南锋面大雾大气边界层的一些特征。1 锋面大雾的产生和天气形势1.1 锋?.. 相似文献
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Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
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Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings
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正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang; 相似文献
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《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,(6)
正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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自地球形成至寒武纪将近40亿年(距今46亿~5.4亿年,通常称为前寒武纪)的气候演变是一个具有特殊难度和挑战性的研究领域,同时也是基础和前沿的研究领域。文章选择了前寒武纪气候演化中的三个重要科学问题进行综述:大气演化、两次全球性的冰川期以及暗弱太阳问题。关于大气演化,本文首先描述了大气成分的演化历史,然后简述了影响大气成分演化的三个基本过程:大气逃逸、两次大气氧含量突然增加、碳酸盐-硅酸盐循环及其对气候系统的负反馈作用。两次全球性的冰川期分别发生在古元古代(距今24亿~21亿年)和新元古代(距今8亿~5.8亿年),文章简述了其成因以及相关的气候模拟结果。暗弱太阳问题是地球历史气候演化的一个经典问题,论文简要地综述了一些最新的研究成果和观点。 相似文献
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淮河流域水文极值预测模型研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为探索气候变化影响下水文极值的非平稳性和预测方法,建立了水文极值非平稳广义极值(GEV)分布的统计预测模型。利用1952-2010年淮河上游流域累计面雨量和流量年最大值资料、同期500 hPa环流特征量资料以及17个CMIP5模式对环流特征量的模拟结果,筛选出对水文极值影响显著的年平均北半球极涡强度指数作为GEV分布参数的预测因子。分析了在RCP2.6、RCP4.5和RCP8.5情景下2006-2050年淮河上游流域水文极值对气候变化的响应。结果表明,10年以下与10年以上重现期的水文极值在非平稳过程中呈现前者下降而后者上升的相反变化趋势;多模型预测的集合平均在未来情景中均呈现上升趋势,情景排放量越大增幅越大,重现期越长增幅也越大。与极值的常态相比,极值的极端态更易受气候变化影响。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献