地铁行车速度对盾构隧道运营沉降的影响分析

地铁行车荷载经轨道-道床-隧道结构传至地基,在土体内部产生循环动应力以及超孔隙水压力是引起盾构隧道沉降的重要原因。通过车-轨-隧道-地基竖向耦合动力模型分析隧道差异沉降对列车运行荷载的影响,以上海地铁一号线体育馆站附近区间隧道为工程背景建立三维数值模型,结合塑性累积应变及累积孔压经验公式进行计算,对比分析软土盾构隧道下卧土层有、无纵向差异沉降两种情况下,地铁行车速度对隧道运营沉降的影响。结果表明：列车运行速度越快,下卧土体波动越大,但衰减越快。地基差异沉降对其长期运营存在明显不利影响,随着列车速度增大,这种影响也愈加明显。当地基差异沉降小,轨道平顺条件好时,隧道长期沉降随地铁行车速度的增大而减小;当地基差异沉降突出,轨道存在明显不平顺时,隧道运营沉降随行车速度增大而显著增加。     

Analysis and Prediction of Long-Term Settlement of Metro Shield Tunnel in Saturated Sand

Based on the existing monitoring data, this paper uses the matured data method to analyze, predict the long-term settlement of the subway shield tunnel, and comprehensively analyzes the long-term settlement of the subway shield tunnel in the saturated sand layer of Zhengzhou. Logical curve model, etc. is used to separately predict the long-term settlement of the Zhengzhou metro shield tunnel. Combining the prediction results to summarize the characteristics of the prediction model, a prediction model suitable for the long-term settlement of the subway shield tunnel in the sandy soil area represented by Zhengzhou is obtained, which can be used for the operation of the Zhengzhou subway tunnel. Management and similar engineering projects provide a certain reference basis.

     

Study on fractal dimensions of the silty soil around the tunnel under the subway loading in Shanghai

Based on the global digital systems, by fully considering the factors of the accumulated deformation, such as the frequency, the dynamic stress amplitude as well as the consolidation ratio, the mercury intrusion test was conducted to quantitatively study the microstructures of the silty soil around the tunnel near the Guoquan station of line No. 10 Subway in Shanghai. The thermodynamic model was used to calculate fractal dimensions in the analysis of the mercury intrusion data. The results show that the relationship of ln(W _n /r _n ² ) and lnQ _n was a significant linear correlation and the correlation coefficient is over 0.98. The relationship between the fractal dimensions and the frequency, the dynamic stress amplitude as well as the consolidation ratio was analyzed; the variation law of the residual strain with the fractal dimensions was obtained. The study offers the theoretical support for damage mechanics, the subway axial deformation and the ground settlement under the subway vibration loading.     

软土地区工程性地面沉降预测的非等时距GM(1,1)模型

大规模城市建设诱发的工程性地面沉降已成为上海软土地区地面沉降新的制约因素。本文针对上海地区工程性地面沉降特点,运用灰色理论建立了非等时距GM(1,1)预测模型,并用工程实测数据进行检验,得到令人满意的预测结果。研究结果对预测和控制软土地区由建筑物群引起的地面沉降具有重要意义。     

软土盾构隧道纵向长期稳定性研究分析

离心模型中的固结时间是原型固结时间的1／n2,能够在较短的时间内模拟软土地基的长期沉降。以上海地铁4号线修复段双线盾构隧道为研究对象,利用离心模型试验研究了隧道的纵向长期沉降及稳定性特性,预测了15-20a之后完好段、连接段和修复段隧道纵向沉降量和沉降分布。最后,得出了连接段两端差异沉降最大的结论。并提出隧道与修复段的连接刚度应采用刚性连接,以提高连接点附近隧道适应变形能力的修复意见。     

地铁盾构隧道小偏角近距离上穿既有隧道施工顺序研究

以北京地铁四号线盾构隧道与九号线暗挖隧道"小角度、近间距、长距离"空间立交施工为背景,采用数值模拟方法对三种施工顺序进行了计算,重点分析了其施工过程中地表沉降、土体塑性区分布、衬砌结构应力等指标。计算表明,先施工下方九号线暗挖隧道,再施工上方四号线盾构隧道,且在上方四号线的左线盾构机通过后再施作九号线二衬的施工方案是比较合理的。     

Grey correlation-hierarchical analysis for metro-caused settlement

Monitoring Shanghai metro tunnels and their surroundings indicates that the maximum settlement caused by metro operation for years has been more than 25 cm in soft soil of tunnel bottom, which has seriously affected the normal operation of subway, and even caused some old house cracking around subway lines. To investigate main influence factors on metro-caused settlement so as to provide the basis for the control of metro-caused settlement, the analytical hierarchy process was adopted to make their weight arrangement. With the experience analogy and grey correlation theory, the grey correlation-hierarchical analysis method was proposed to evaluate the possibility of metro-caused settlement in soft soil of tunnel bottom. The correlation of metro-caused settlement and its influence factors (such as dynamic load conditions of metro, soil conditions, burial conditions of soil prone to dynamic settlement, and hydrogeology conditions) was probed. Taking Shanghai Yangtze River Tunnel project in China (it is now the largest shield tunnel in the world) as an example, the division estimation and the comprehensive evaluation of possibility and severity for metro-caused settlement were also done. The results were observed as follows: (1) the severity of settlements caused by dynamic load of metro in soft soil of tunnel bottom at the same position increases as the speed of subway trains increases; (2) On comparison between the foundations of silty clay and clayey silt, the former is generally more prone to the metro-caused settlement under the same conditions as dynamic load conditions of metro, void ratio of soil, natural water content of soil, burial conditions, and hydrogeology conditions; (3) the grey correlation-hierarchical analysis method is more applicable than grey correlation method for the possibility estimation of metro-caused settlement in the soft soil of tunnel bottom; (4) it may provide the reference for the possibility evaluation of metro-caused settlement in other similar projects.     

Characteristics of deformation of saturated soft clay under the load of Shanghai subway line No. 2

Shanghai subway Line No. 2 passes through the center of Shanghai from Songhong Road station in the west to Zhangjianggaoke station in the east. The total length of Shanghai subway Line No. 2 is 25 km. The tunnel mostly lies in the saturated soft clay and the environment issue can not be ignored. The response frequency and response stress of soil around the tunnel are monitored when the subway train passes through. The cyclic triaxial test of the saturated soft clay around the subway tunnel is conducted using the data monitored. The characteristics of deformation of the saturated soft clay of Shanghai under the subway load are analyzed. The results show that when the subway train Line No. 2 begins to run, a small and vertical rebound first occurs in the saturated soft clay at the side wall of the tunnel. Although a large deformation does not occur in the saturated soft clay at the side wall of the tunnel when the subway train has run for a period of time, yet with the lapse of time, a perceptive and non-uniform deformation will still occur. The vertical rebound is transitory and a plastic deformation occurs immediately in the saturated soft clay at the bottom of the tunnel, the large deformation at the bottom of the tunnel is 30 times that of the saturated soft clay at the side wall of the tunnel. An erratum to this article can be found at     

西安地铁施工诱发地表沉降及对城墙的影响

以西安地铁2号线为背景,利用3种预测公式对实测地表沉降值进行拟合,得到了沉降槽形态参数。利用拟合参数,借鉴“刚度修正法”原理对地铁下穿城墙施工诱发其基础的沉降进行预测,并建立城墙的三维有限元模型,对城墙所能承受的极限变形能力和承载力进行量化分析,分析结果表明：Peck公式能较好地描述地表沉降特征;考虑后期蠕变和固结作用,盾构施工所诱发的城墙基础最大沉降量不得超过20 mm,期望对后期地铁施工引起地表沉降及其对建筑物的响应提供科学参考。     

隧道下穿地铁拟换乘车站施工监测与安全分析

隧道下穿地铁既有车站为重大风险工程,下穿拟换乘车站时更应进行严格的风险评估与控制,以保证工程施工前后地铁车站的安全运营。本文主要就某新建隧道下穿北京地铁拟换乘车站万寿路站的风险评估和第三方监测进行研究。新建隧道施工可诱发既有车站结构的沉降,造成车站轨道过量变形,进而影响地铁安全运营,本工程采用了结构检测、施工影响模拟预测和第三方监测等工程风险评估和控制手段,结果表明万寿路站受隧道施工影响较小,地铁运营未受影响。     

Accumulated deformation characteristics of silty soil under the subway loading in Shanghai

The deformation of silty soil under the subway loading was explored and analyzed by the dynamic triaxial tests for the undisturbed soil around the tunnel of the Guoquan station of Line No. 10 subway in Shanghai. The results show that accumulated deformation of soil can be divided into three stages: the sharply increasing stage, the gradual stability stage, and the smooth stage. In this paper, uniform design was used to arrange the experiment by fully considering the factors of affecting accumulated deformation, such as the frequency ratio, the cyclic stress ratio, the consolidation ratio, the overconsolidation ratio, the vibration times ratio as well as their interactions. The regression equation and evaluation model of soil deformation were established by mathematical statistics approach. It also shows that the main factor of subway tunnel is the cyclic stress ratio; however, the interaction between the frequency ratio and the consolidation ratio has the least effect compared with other factors. These studies provide some valuable references to the design of the subway tunnel.     

BP神经网络-灰色系统联合模型预测软基沉降量

目前软基沉降预测多采用指数曲线和双曲线延伸法,其结果不够理想,神经网络在此方面的运用也存在一定的局限,虽然GM(1,1)模型在软基沉降预测领域已得到运用,但在已有的案例中所使用的等时距模型都没有明确说明所采用的插值方法。以深圳湾西部通道填海软基沉降预测分析为例,建立BP神经网络-灰色系统联合模型来探讨解决这一问题的方法。采用BP神经网络逼近非线性插值方法构建等时距时间序列数据,在此基础上建立沉降变形时间序列的GM模型,并建立相应的时间响应函数,预测沉降量。计算实例表明,该模型短期沉降预测结果比较准确,其最终沉降预测结果具有一定的工程参考价值。     

A prediction method using grey model for cumulative plastic deformation under cyclic loads

Being able to predict cumulative plastic deformation of soil under cyclic loading has been quite a popular subject for researchers both in the past and at present. In this paper, a non-equal interval non-homogeneous exponential grey model NNGM (1, 1) for cumulative plastic deformation has been put forward by improving the traditional grey model GM (1, 1). The proposed model was evaluated by numerous experimental data of existing literatures and found to be valid for a wide range of soils. It is also valid for predicting long-term settlement of subgrade under subway loads and has a better performance than the traditional model GM (1, 1) as well as non-homogeneous exponential model NEM.     

Orthogonal test and regression analysis of the strain on silty soil in Shanghai under metro loading

Cyclic triaxial test by means of the geotechnical digital system is conducted for the soil near the Guoquan Road Station of Metro Line 10 in Shanghai to analyze the strain characteristics and the variation law of saturated silty soil under subway loading. Orthogonal design method is used to arrange the experiment, considering the following factors: frequency ratio f _R, cyclic stress ratio σ _R, vibration time ratio N _R, and the interaction function among them. Results show that the cyclic stress ratio σ _R, the frequency ratio f _R, the vibration time ratio N _R, and the interaction between the cyclic stress ratio σ _R and the vibration time ratio N _R have a significant effect on the axial strain of the subway tunnel. The effect of the interaction between the cyclic stress ratio σ _R and the vibration time ratio N _R is also significant. From the analysis of variance and regression theory, the nonlinear regression equation of the cumulative plastic strain of silty soil under subway loading is established. Residual analysis proves that the equation is ideal and credible. The results have important value for the design of subway tunnels.     

地铁行车荷载下隧道周围加固软粘土孔压特性试验

由于上海轨道交通四号线海伦路站隧道周围软土在地铁行车荷载作用下产生变形,使隧道发生局部开裂、渗水而需要对地铁隧道进行加固处理。通过上海地铁4号线海伦路站附近隧道周围加固软粘土进行应力控制的循环三轴试验,研究了地铁行车荷载作用下加固软粘土的动孔压发展情况,充分考虑了土体围压、固结比、轴向循环荷载的大小及频率对动孔压的影响。研究结果认为,其他条件相同时,加固软粘土孔压随振动次数、循环荷载幅值的增大而增大,随围压和加载频率的增大而减小,可以用二次对数关系曲线对加固软粘土残余孔压变化进行预测。     

地铁行车荷载作用下淤泥质黏土累积特性的试验研究

中国上海地区地铁隧道一般位于第④层淤泥质黏土层中,在地铁行车荷载作用下隧道周围土体变形引起隧道轴线沉降,有些区段隧道轴线沉降量已超过20cm,引起了一系列环境地质问题.本文以上海第④层原状淤泥质黏土为研究对象,通过室内循环三轴试验,模拟地铁运营过程中产生的振动荷载,研究荷载作用下上海淤泥质黏土的累积应变、孔隙水压力及再...     

地铁交通引起的建筑物振动实测与数值模拟分析

结合上海软土地区典型工程实例,现场实测地铁减振前后隧道内及邻近建筑物内的振动加速度,据此对地铁轨道减振效果进行分析评估。在此基础上,提出了有限元与无限元相结合的数值分析简化预估方法,预测地铁交通激发的周边建筑物振动响应,并将计算分析结果与实测结果进行对比,分析地铁交通引起邻近建筑物振动随楼层的变化规律,探讨不同因素对建筑物振动响应的影响。研究结果表明：（1）采用Vanguard扣件较科隆蛋扣件隧道内道床振级降低约16 dB,建筑物楼板中的振级降低10.9～21.1 dB,减振效果明显;（2）随着楼层的增高,楼板中振动的振级呈现先减小后增大的现象;（3）采用提出的数值分析得到的建筑物楼板振级和实测结果吻合较好,表明分析方法合理可行,为预测地铁周边建筑物振动提供一种快速简便的分析方法。     

饱和软土层地铁列车运行引起的环境振动研究

我国沿海地区大量的地铁隧道都修建在饱和软土地层,饱和软土地层中地铁列车运行引起的环境振动逐渐成为社会关注的问题。以上海2号线某地铁区间隧道为研究对象,采用循环运动模型本构模型和水土耦合动力分析方法,分析了饱和软土中地铁列车运行引起的地表振动加速度以及振动位移响应规律,采用加速度振级对地表的振动强度进行了评价,分析了单次列车通过时引起的隧道下卧土层超孔隙水压力（EPWP）响应规律。计算结果表明,饱和土的振动响应比干土要小得多,地表水平向与竖向的振动规律明显的不同,超孔隙水压力沿隧道下方沿向是不断减少的,在距离隧道中心的纵断面上是先增加后减少。分析饱和土中地铁运行引起的环境响应规律,可为地铁沿线建筑物减隔振设计及沉降控制提供一定依据。     

交叉隧道塑性区分布规律、成因及支护探讨

在既有隧道区间上方近距离进行新车站的施工,是地下工程研究中难度较大的问题。本文运用数值模拟方法对北京市地铁五号线东单站上跨地铁一号线,采用浅埋暗挖法施工过程中隧道塑性区分布问题进行了研究,得出在杂填土、砂土、粘土互层条件下大跨度车站底板受既有线存在的影响其塑性区基本以车站轴线为对称轴的矩形分布、既有隧道区间塑性区不同部位的变化幅度,其中以两侧壁最大,并进行了锚杆支护模拟,保证了土体的稳定。     

隧道开挖地表沉降动态预测及影响因素分析

城市地铁隧道施工不可避免地对围岩产生扰动引起地表沉降,动态预测隧道开挖引起的地表沉降是确保地表建构筑物与隧道施工安全的重要基础。针对隧道施工过程中地表沉降难以准确动态预测的问题,在定义纵向开挖度系数? 的基础上,建立横向地表沉降动态预测模型。该模型能够描述同一监测位置沉降曲线随掌子面推进而不断变化的规律,实现施工现场沉降动态预测。结果表明：在特定约束条件下,该模型能够退化为Peck模型以及随机介质理论预测模型;通过现场施工验证了该动态预测模型的准确性与适用性;基于纵向开挖度系数? 将隧道沿纵向分为强烈、中度和轻度共3个影响段,较好地反映了开挖掌子面在不同位置对同一监测截面的影响程度;通过分析建筑物和隔离桩对地表沉降曲线的影响可知,建筑物与其附近地层呈现出协同变形、共同承载的特征,在隧道一侧添加地质钻隔离桩对该侧地表沉降值的减小程度可达71.9%。研究成果对滇中引水工程现场施工与类似工程具有一定指导和借鉴意义。