棉花与气象

主要阐述棉花生产与气象的关系。首先，根据气象条件的分析，指出１９９２－１９９５年棉花生育期内不同时段气象条件的异常和灾害性天气的影响，是造成这几年棉花减产的重要原因之一；给出棉花生育期光热指标；最后提出，根据气象条件分析，制定棉花生产的三项保护性措施。     

大荔气候与棉花生育

为了深入开展棉花气象服务，采用陕西关中最大植棉县大荔县的日照、气温、降水以及棉花气象灾害等与棉花生长发育、棉花生产实切相关的气候资料，全面分析了棉花播种期、苗期、蕾期、花铃期、吐絮期以及全生育期的棉花气候状况。得到了大荔县气候状况为，日照充足，积温较高，均有利于棉花的生长发育和生产；降水略显不足，但由于大荔县水浇地面积大，灌溉条件好，棉花生产存在明显气候优势，是陕西省棉花最适宜种植区的结论。     

关中棉区棉铃虫发生的气象条件及预报方法

关中棉区棉铃虫发生的气象条件及预报方法张忠平（陕西省棉花气象服务台渭南·７１４０００）棉铃虫（ＨＣｌｉｏｔｈｋＳＳＳｈｇｇｒｇＨｇｂｇ．〕属鳞翅目夜蛾科（Ｎｏｃｔｕｉｄａｅ）是关中棉区近年来危害棉花的主要害虫，严重地影响我省的棉花生产；也危害豆类、辣...     

提高棉花气象服务水平的关键是不断创新

发展棉花生产是新疆经济发展战略的重要部署，气象部门要进入自治区经济建设主战场，就必需紧贴棉花基地建设，抓住棉花生产中的气象问题，为自治区棉花生产提供良好的气象科技服务。 1为自治区棉花生产保驾护航的棉花气象服务 自治区棉花工程实施 4年来，经济效益显著，其中，为自治区棉花生产提供气象决策服务功不可没。为配合自治区棉花工程的实施，新疆气象局开展的棉花气象科技综合服务工程，建立起了覆盖全疆棉区的棉花气象信息采集、传输、加工、产品生成、跟踪服务和信息反馈一条龙棉花气象科技综合服务体系，棉花生产的产前、产中…     

阿克苏地区地膜棉气候开播期时空分布特征

分析了当前棉花生产水平下阿克苏地区地膜棉气候开播期的农业气象指标；根据此指标进一步分析了阿克苏各主要棉区地膜棉气候开播期的时空分布特征。     

大荔气候与棉花生育

为了深入开展棉花气象服务,采用陕西关中最大植棉县大荔县的日照、气温、降水以及棉花气象灾害等与棉花生长发育、棉花生产密切相关的气候资料,全面分析了棉花播种期、苗期、蕾期、花铃期、吐絮期以及全生育期的棉花气候状况.得到了大荔县气候状况为,日照充足,积温较高,均有利于棉花的生长发育和生产;降水略显不足,但由于大荔县水浇地面积大,灌溉条件好,棉花生产存在明显气候优势,是陕西省棉花最适宜种植区的结论.     

棉花适时播种的农业气象条件鉴定

棉花是我县的主要经济作物,搞好棉花生产对国防建设和社会主义经济建设具有重大意义。在整个棉花生产技术上,第一关就是播种。棉花播种对气象条件要求比较严格,播种是否适宜对产量关系很大,因此,做好棉花适宜播种期预报,对棉花生产具有重大现实意义。     

棉花生产气象保障体系探讨

根据新疆气象部门多年的生产服务实践，简述了新疆棉花生产气象保障体系，并对该体系的优势与不足进行了探讨，以期对棉花生产的气象服务问题有更进一步的认识。     

“新疆棉田干旱监测预警及优化配水服务系统”项目

<正>一、立项背景新疆具有发展棉花生产的得天独厚的自然条件,是我国最大的优质棉和商品棉生产基地,自1994年以来新疆棉花的单产和总产量稳居全国第一。棉花是新疆农民收入的重要来源,也正是棉花产业的崛起,改变了新疆农业在全国经济格局中的战略地位。     

河南棉花产量波动特点及增产措施

介绍了河南棉花产量的变化特点,分析了影响产量波动的主要原因,并根据河南的气候资源特点及棉花的生产现状,探讨了棉花稳产高产的途径和方法。     

Response of flower and boll development to climatic factors in Egyptian cotton (Gossypium barbadense)

Fruiting of cotton plant is determined and influenced by cultivars, climatic conditions, management practices and pests. An understanding of the flowering and boll retention patterns of cotton cultivars can contribute to more efficient and economical crop management. The objective of this investigation was to study the effect of various climatic factors on flower and boll production, and also, the nature of its effects prevailing prior and subsequent to either flowering or boll setting on flower and boll production and retention in Egyptian cotton. This could be used in formulating advanced prediction of the effect of certain climatic conditions on the production of Egyptian cotton. Also, the study focused on four equal periods during the development of flower and bolls stage to study the response of these characters to climatic factors during these periods and to determine the most representative period corresponding to the overall crop pattern. Further, the study predicting effects of climatic factors during convenient intervals (in days) on cotton flower and boll production compared with daily observations to find the optimum interval. Evaporation, sunshine duration, humidity, surface soil temperature at 1800 h, and maximum air temperature, are the important climatic factors that significantly affects flower and boll production. Evaporation; minimum humidity and sunshine duration were the most effective climatic factors during preceding and succeeding periods on boll production and retention. There was a negative correlation between flower and boll production and either evaporation or sunshine duration, while that correlation with minimum humidity was positive. The fourth quarter period of the production stage was the most appropriate and usable time to collect data for determining efficient prediction equations for cotton production. Evaporation, humidity and temperature were the principal climatic factors that governed cotton flower and boll production during the fourth quarter. The five day interval was found to be adequately and sensibly related to yield parameters than other intervals and was closest to the daily observations. Evaporation was found to be the most important climatic variable affecting flower and boll production, followed by humidity. An accurate weather forecast 5–7 days in advance would provide an opportunity to avoid adverse effects of climatic factors on cotton production through utilizing proper cultural practices which would limit and control their negative effects.     

Impacts of climate change on cotton yield in China from 1961 to 2010 based on provincial data

To develop scientific countermeasures,the impacts of climate change on cotton yield during 1961-2010in three major cotton-producing regions of China were studied by using the available provincial data.The results indicate that(1)a rise in average temperature increased the cotton yield in most provinces of Northwest China and the Yellow River valley;however,the rise in average temperature decreased the cotton yield in the Yangtze River valley.Moreover,cotton production across the entire study region was reduced by approximately 0.1%relative to the average during 1961-2010.(2)A decrease in diurnal temperature range(DTR)reduced cotton yield in some provinces,while a beneficial DTR effect was observed in the other provinces.Changes in DTR resulted in an average decrease in production by approximatly 5.5%across the entire study region.(3)A change in the amount of precipitation increased the cotton yield in some provinces;however,it caused a decrease in other provinces.The decrease in average production due to the change in precipitation was approximately 1.1%.We concluded that the changes in temperature and precipitation decreased cotton yields in China,while beneficial effects of temperature and precipitation existed in the cotton-growing regions of Northwest China during 1961-2010.     

2011年农六师垦区棉花高产气象条件分析与研究

2011年农六师垦区棉花皮棉单产高于历年17.5%,为显著的丰产年份。通过对棉花生育期内温度、降水、积温和无霜期的比较和分析,得出垦区棉花获得高产的气象条件主要是：逸10益积温偏高,各生育阶段热量充足,全年无霜期长;同时,针对性地提出与本地气象条件相适应的栽培管理措施,对提高棉花产量和改善品质有一定的指导作用。     

准噶尔盆地南缘不同区域棉花气候条件对比分析

兵团农六师棉花种植区域东西跨度大,气候条件存在较大的差异,对本地区棉花生产有一定的影响。东线、中线、西线3个植棉区域以222团、102团和新湖农场为代表,分别对不同区域的气象条件的差异进行分析,评述了不同区域影响棉花生产的主要气象要素,以利于探索不同气候条件下的高产栽培流程和拟定减少气象灾害损失的对策,为今后兵团农六师棉花生产的决策服务提供较科学的依据。     

江苏省棉花丰欠年天气气候型的对比分析

利用江苏省1965~2004年的棉花产量,用灰色系统模型逐段滑动平均,得到了棉花的依社会生产水平变化的趋势产量和随气象条件变化的气候产量。通过对棉花气候产量与生育期气象条件的对比分析,表明了夏季光温水匹配是棉花优质高产的关键因子。分别对历史上棉花典型丰产年和欠产年500 hPa高度场距平的合成分析表明,丰产年500 hPa高度场表现为中高纬度以纬向环流为主,冷空气势力偏弱,而欠产年冷空气和副高势力都偏强,冷暖空气交汇在苏北。2003年和2004年分别是近30 a典型的棉花欠产年和丰产年,分析其6~9月500 hPa高度场、-8℃线、低空水汽通量、水汽通量散度等要素场逐日天气演变和环流特征分别得出,2003年夏季活跃的季风和冷空气、面积大势力强的副高,造成低温阴雨寡照,是当年棉花严重减产的原因;而2004年冷空气势力弱,季风不活跃,没有明显连阴雨及大的气象灾害,是当年棉花优质高产的原因。     

Simulating the impacts of climate change on cotton production in India

General circulation models (GCMs) project increases in the earth’s surface air temperatures and other climate changes by the mid or late 21st century, and therefore crops such as cotton (Gossypium spp L.) will be grown in a much different environment than today. To understand the implications of climate change on cotton production in India, cotton production to the different scenarios (A2, B2 and A1B) of future climate was simulated using the simulation model Infocrop-cotton. The GCM projections showed a nearly 3.95, 3.20 and 1.85 °C rise in mean temperature of cotton growing regions of India for the A2, B2 and A1B scenarios, respectively. Simulation results using the Infocrop-cotton model indicated that seed cotton yield declined by 477 kg?ha^?1 for the A2 scenario and by 268 kg?ha^?1 for the B2 scenario; while it was non-significant for the A1B scenario. However, it became non-significant under elevated [CO₂] levels across all the scenarios. The yield decline was higher in the northern zone over the southern zone. The impact of climate change on rainfed cotton which covers more than 60 % of the country’s total cotton production area (mostly in the central zone) and is dependent on the monsoons is likely to be minimum, possibly on account of marginal increase in rainfall levels. Results of this assessment suggest that productivity in northern India may marginally decline; while in central and southern India, productivity may either remain the same or increase. At the national level, therefore, cotton production is unlikely to change with climate change. Adaptive measures such as changes in planting time and more responsive cultivars may further boost cotton production in India.     

棉田干旱指标研究进展

干旱是影响作物生长发育的主要非生物胁迫因素之一,水分亏缺所造成的危害超过了一切逆境因子的总和,严重影响作物产量及农业生产。作为全国重要优质棉区之一的新疆,干旱及水资源缺乏也成为棉花产业发展的重大限制因素之一,棉花种植几乎完全依赖灌溉,而棉花或棉田是否需要灌溉,可根据土壤含水量以及植株本身受旱程度特征等指标来判断。本文从棉花干旱形态变化、生长发育进程、生理生态特征、产量结构差异、土壤水分变化、气象干旱等不同方面对绿洲棉田干旱指标研究的现状和进展进行总结,并对进一步开展滴灌模式下棉田干旱发生发展过程以及干旱敏感性指标研究提出建议。     

温度对棉花产量结构及发育速度的可能影响

该文利用新疆农业气象观测资料，在构建棉花品种熟性指数的基础上，建立了温度对不同品种棉花产量结构及发育速度影响的模式，进一步分析了温度变化对不同品种棉花单株铃数、单铃重、霜前花比例及发育速度的可能影响。该文对棉花生产气象监测、预测及评价工作有重要参考价值。     

Egyptian cotton (Gossypium barbadense) flower and boll production as affected by climatic factors and soil moisture status

The information on impact of climatic factors on cotton production is not generally available, or at least not available in the required form. Understanding this impact may help physiologists determine a possible control of the flowering mechanism in the cotton plant. Two field trials were conducted to investigate the relationships between climatic factors, soil moisture status, and flower and boll production of Gossypium barbadense. The climatic factors considered were daily maximum air temperature (°C), minimum air temperature (°C), maximum–minimum temperature (diurnal temperature range) (°C), sunshine duration (h day^?1), maximum relative humidity (%), minimum relative humidity (%), and wind speed (m s^?1). Minimum relative humidity and sunshine duration were the most significant climatic factors affecting flower and boll retention and production. Temperature appeared to be less important in the reproduction growth stage of cotton in Egypt than minimum relative humidity and sunshine duration. The soil moisture status showed low and insignificant correlation to flower and boll production. High minimum relative humidity, short period of sunshine duration, and low temperatures enhanced flower and boll formation.