Causes of salinization of the Gulf of Taganrog

Using the database of automatic hydrometeorological stations, installed in the Don RIver delta and Taganrog Bay seashore, the sources of the anomalois scale water negative surge and salinization of the Azov Sea under conditions of low river flow in 2015–2016 are studied. The new schemes of stratification and advection of salty sea waters in the Don River mouth under different weather conditions, water discharge and levels are given.     

含水层渗透性空间分布的指示克立格估值

详细介绍了指示克立格估值计算的理论和方法。以指示变异函数为基本工具分析了华北某地区第四系含水层渗透性空间分布的结构特征,结果表明该地区含水层渗透性存在明显的各向异性特征。水平方向上,X轴方向的相关性较Y轴方向的好,Z轴的相关性最差。用指示克立格法对未采样点处进行估值,估值结果显示含水层渗透性由山前向滨海逐渐变低,在垂直方向上,渗透性变化不明显,浅部比深部略好;同时给出了估计精度,并认为对估计精度不高的区域可通过增加适当的工程加以控制。最后用交叉验证法对估值结果进行了检验,证明建立的指示变异函数模型合理且估值效果较好。这一实际应用表明指示克立格法可以很好地描述第四系含水层渗透性的空间分布规律。     

岩石坚硬程度对核电厂地基-基础地震响应特征的影响分析

考虑核电厂地基-基础的动力相互作用,应用显式动力有限差分法分析了地震作用下极软岩、较软岩、坚硬岩上核电厂建筑结构基础的地震响应特征,比较了岩石坚硬程度对基础加速度反应谱的影响。研究表明：随着岩石坚硬程度的提高,核电厂建筑物结构基础的地震响应有增加的趋势;在周期轴上,基础处的加速度反应谱曲线会随着岩石坚硬程度的提高逐渐向短周期（高频段）方向移动。在高频段,建造于较坚硬岩石上基础结构的加速度反应谱值偏大;在中等频段,建造于较软岩石上基础结构的加速度反应谱值偏大;在低频段,岩石坚硬程度对加速度反应谱的影响不显著。     

土压缩模量预测回归分析方法

在土压缩模量Es的分析计算中,常用的分析方法是根据土的e-p曲线试验资料建立公式求解,本文引入了数学上的回归分析方法来探讨Es与其它各项物理力学指标参数之间的相关关系,旨在找出对Es影响最显著的指标参数,并建立最优回归方程式,以此来预测Es。研究结果表明:该方法通用性强,应用范围广,亦可推广应用于其它相关领域。     

珊瑚砂岩土力学特性分析

结合工程勘察实践及现场载荷试验成果,提出将珊瑚砂分为海洋类珊瑚砂和濒海类珊瑚砂两大类,并在此基础上对珊瑚砂进行了规范定名,通过现场载荷试验对各类珊瑚砂的岩土力学特性进行了研究分析,阐明了各类珊瑚砂的岩土力学特性,对今后进一步研究珊瑚砂的岩土力学特性及工程实践具有一定指导意义.     

A review of theories of mechanisms of induced seismicity

Theories of the physical processes leading to the stimulation of seismic activity by underground explosions, fluid injection, and reservoir impoundment are summarized. In all cases, the materials must be pre-stressed to a substantial fraction of their breaking strength in order for seismicity to be induced. Stress concentrations due to the presence of old faults or to inhomogeneities in the material properties play an important role in localizing induced seismicity.

For the few cases for which data are available, the stimulation of earthquakes by fluid injection in bore holes is adequately explained by a Coulomb-Mohr failure criterion and the concept of effective pressure in a water-filled porous mechanism. Reservoir-related earthquakes are most likely due to the same mechanism, but, in view of the low injection pressures, additional physical or chemical effects of the water on the materials may play an important role. There may be a weakening of the materials in old fault zones by the introduction of water or static fatigue in silicate rocks due to stress corrosion.     

沉管隧道基槽爆破施工对既有堤岸稳定性影响的数值仿真分析

结合爆破数值模拟中爆破荷载的特点,分析了各种荷载施加方法的特点及爆破震动场模拟的要求,基于圣维南荷载等效原理,提出了爆破荷载的等效施加方法,即将作用在炮孔壁上的爆破荷载等效后,施加在同排炮孔中心线或者面上来模拟爆破荷载的作用。结果表明,等效施加方法在近区存在一定差异,但在中远区吻合得较好。利用该等效荷载施加方法,采用三维实体模型计算分析了某沉管隧道基槽爆破施工对既有堤岸稳定性影响,计算了周围不同位置、不同深度位置处的振动响应,并在此基础上,分析研究了减小爆破振动对既有结构物影响的减振措施,可为类似工程提供借鉴。     

含瓦斯煤孔隙率和有效应力影响因素试验研究

以孔隙率基本定义和力学平衡原理为出发点,充分考虑由煤层瓦斯的吸附膨胀和解吸收缩、温度效应的热胀冷缩和煤体骨架受孔隙瓦斯压力的压缩共同引起的本体变形,建立了在压缩条件下(扩容前)的含瓦斯煤孔隙率动态演化模型和以吸附热力学参数及瓦斯压力表达的有效应力方程,并分别根据现场实测孔隙率数据和含瓦斯煤三轴应力试验数据,对所建立的理论模型进行了验证。结果表明,理论计算值与实测资料和试验结论一致性较好,理论模型拟合精度较好,误差不大,所得结论对煤层气开采和矿井瓦斯灾害防治具有一定的指导意义。     

岩土工程可靠度分析中方差折减函数确定的一般规律

将可靠度理论应用于岩土工程稳定性分析过程中,即使是已证明安全的工程所得到的边坡或地基的失效概率通常较大,导致这一现象的原因是估算的方差偏大。计算土性指标的试验数据仅表征了该试验点的特征,而不是空间平均特征。在随机场理论应用于岩土工程可靠度分析的过程中,方差折减函数是将点特性过渡为空间平均特性的必要参数。首次对闫澍旺等提出的完全不相关距离理论中完全不相关距离的确定方法进行改进,不但理论上有所突破,而且计算方法更为简洁。对折减函数值的确定过程进行了分析,得到了用完全不相关距离方法确定折减函数的一般规律。     

Strains of scattering of near-field of a point source

Three dimensional scattering of near-field is studied for dilatation and rotation in the time domain. The perturbation method is applied to solve the equation of motion for the first order scattering from a weak inhomogeneity in an otherwise homogeneous medium. The inhomogeneity is assumed close enough to the point source so that the near-field intermediate wave is dominating over the far-field sphericalP andS pulses. The integral expressions are derived to relate dilatation and rotation of scattering to the radial fluctuations of velocities and density in the inhomogeneity. These integrals are solved to calculate the strains of scattering from (a part of) an inhomogeneous spherical shell of arbitrary curvature. Variable curvature may allow the shape of inhomogeneity volume element to change uniformly from spherical to rectangular. Rotation of scattering from a spherical shell is independent ofP wave velocity inhomogeneity. Dilatation of scattering does not involveS wave velocity inhomogeneity but its gradient. The back scattering results are obtained as a special case. Strains are computed numerically, for hypothetical models to study the effects of various parameters viz., velocity inhomogeneity, distance of source from inhomogeneity and from receiver, and thickness of inhomogeneity. The curvature of the spherical shell is varied to study the effects of the shape of inhomogeneous volume element on scattering.     

变异系数用于标本磁参数统计工作的研究

过去,人们对岩(矿)石磁参数测定工作不够重视,多数磁测工作是按照相应的工作规范只是测一测岩(矿)石磁参数.甚至有不少磁测工作不对工区内的岩(矿)石标本做磁参数测定工作,或只做少量的测定工作.而这些为数不多的磁参数测定工作也只是作磁化率和剩余磁化强度的平均数(众数)统计,没有对标本磁参数离散程度进行深入的统计研究.尽管利用变异系数表征磁参数的相对离散程度是很早就被人们认识到的.但是,目前就是在极少数关注磁参数离散程度的研究者中,也多引用标准离差,而不是变异系数.笔者对岩(矿)石标本磁参数的变异系数作了浅显的研究,并认为研究岩石磁性强度的自身不均匀性和相互之间的不均匀性对比,变异系数应当是一个不错的参数.     

土石坝心墙水力劈裂分析

简要分析了水力劈裂的发生条件、力学机理。基于水压楔劈机理,利用有限元方法建立了一种水力劈裂的发生判定方法。该方法假定心墙预先存在局部渗透弱面（裂缝）,通过将裂缝位置的单元材料改为裂缝软材料,考虑库水进入裂缝后对裂缝周围土体的作用,建立水力劈裂分析的平面有限元模型,确定裂缝端部垂直于裂缝面的正应力,进而依据该正应力判断水力劈裂发生的可能性,该方法同时可模拟水力劈裂的发展过程。     

土钉支护失稳分析

某基坑采用复合土钉墙支护,开挖至坑底后,基坑北侧发生失稳事故。本文就其事故发生原因作一探讨。     

电信网络两类逻辑图自动生成算法

为解决电信手工绘制的逻辑图不易维护的问题,研究了电信带方向逻辑图和不带方向逻辑图的自动生成算法.算法是从数据库提取缆线的路由信息,用深度优先的方式遍历缆线经过的所有坐标,采取回溯的方式,计算缆线在每个点的偏移值,调整缆线顺序,自动绘制逻辑图.产生的逻辑图没有不必要的交叉,避免了传统的手工绘制.结果表明,对于常用的电信逻辑图,自动生成算法是可以满足要求的.      

Paleogeography of Cretaceous ammonoids of the Pacific coast of Russia

This work presents the results of a study of the biogeographical distribution of Late Albian-Maastrichtian ammonites, found in sequences of the Pacific coast of Russia. The taxa typical of the Pacific Realm were identified, and their distribution traced beyond the borders of this region. In addition, species-migrants, distributed within the studied area were established. As a results of our works, a high level of endemism of ammonite fauna of the East of Russia was noted (75–88% of endemic species, on average). The bipolarity, previously established in the distribution of ammonoids within the Pacific Paleobiogeographical Realm, as well as their high regional provincialism, was confirmed. The following division of the studied area into faunal ammonite provinces in the Late Cretaceous was proposed: Arctic Province; Boreal-Pacific Province, including northeastern Russia (Chukotka Peninsula, the Koryak Upland, Penzhyna Gulf) and the boreal coast of North America (Alaska Peninsula, Arctic Canada and British Columbia); Northwest Pacific Province, including the Primorye Territory, Sakhalin and Shikotan Islands, the Japanese Islands; Northeast Province of the Pacific (the western coast of the United States and Mexico); Southwest Pacific (Australia, New Zealand, Oceania) and Southeast (the western coast of South America and Antarctica, Seymour and James Ross Islands) Provinces. This division is confirmed by data on inoceramid species. In addition, levels of global transgressions and general sea level rise, associated with the appearances of most of widespread marine taxa in the Pacific shelf seas, are established. These include Late Albian, Cenomanian-Turonian boundary, Late Coniacian, Late Campanian, Early-Late Maastrichtian boundary. Moreover, migration of ammonites occurred due to the Tethys Ocean extension and followed the northern sea straits in the Arctic Ocean and within the Pacific Realm, depending on warm currents. Both the counter and one-way migrations were established.     

Outline of metallogeny of copper deposits of Cuba

Copper deposits of Cuba belong to the Jurassic lead-zinc-copper, Cretaceous copper and Paleogene copper complexes, which differ substantially in their formation conditions. The island is differentiated into a number of metallogenic zones formed at the initial and early stages of the Cuba folded province. Pinar del Rio, Pinos, Trinidad and Oriente zones, of an intrageanticlinal nature, are prospective with respect to copper vein deposits of the lead-Zinc-copper complex. The Sasa and Cauto zones - intrageosynclinal - are prospective with regard to copper-pyrite and copper vein deposits of the Cretaceous complex. A metallogenic study of the island is indicated in planning the exploration of its copper prospects. -- AGI Staff.     

下扬子区三叠纪古地理演化

下扬子区在三叠纪期间接受了早-中三叠世海相碳酸盐沉积、中-晚三叠世海陆交互相和陆相湖沼沉积.沉积相带的空间分布和古地理格局的变迁明显地受到区域构造的控制.区内盆地发育与演化是在华南板块与扬子板块、扬子板块与华北板块相互作用的背景下进行的.早-中三叠世末期的印支运动是下扬子区构造-古地理格局改变的决定性因素,使下扬子海盆闭合,沉积类型由海相沉积变为陆相沉积.下扬子区三叠纪古地理的演化特征也为板块碰撞提供了沉积证据.     

长江三角洲亚三角洲地层结构对比

依据对江苏省泰兴市黄桥镇钻孔和海门市钻孔、上海长兴岛钻孔地层岩心沉积特征的研究,讨论 了冰后期以来长江三角洲河口地区的层序地层。研究表明,沿古河谷纵剖面各河段地层中沉积相组合关系有明 显区别。在古河谷下端地区,下切河谷充填层序自下而上由河流相、河口湾相、浅海相和三角洲相组成,沉积 相组合最完整。在古河谷上端地区,由于河口湾在海侵发生时存在着涌潮作用,因此,河漫滩泥质沉积层顶部 的冲刷面被确定为最大海泛面,其上覆稳定的河口砂体;浅海相和河口湾相沉积在该区域变薄直至尖灭;层序 顶部由中潮坪突变为高潮坪,最终形成泛滥平原。这意味着,原先确定的自西向东的长江三角洲的几个亚三角 洲或河口砂体沉积,并非都具有向上变粗的三角洲层序。文中报道的３个钻孔,揭露了冰后期长江三角洲完整 的下切河谷充填层序。河口湾顶不具备三角洲层序的地区应称为滨海平原。     

Possible principle of analysis of metallogeny of regional mobile zones

The author suggests a hypothesis of multistage evolution of the mobile crust zones of the Earth, taking into consideration the type of crustal columnar section (oceanic, intermediate, continental, and orogenic), the history of tectonic and magmatic epochs (Caledonian, Hercynian, Kimmeridgian, and Alpine), and the factor of lineament type mobile zones existing during long periods of geological history and contributing to the activation of magmaticprocesses. --E.A. Alexandrov.     

多年冻土融沉性分类研究

在冻土工程中,冻土的融沉性评价是工程地质勘察的主要内容之一,融沉性分类是冻土地基基础设计施工的重要依据．根据345个冻土原状样品融沉压缩试验数据,提出了细砾、砂土、粉土、黏性土、泥炭化黏性土和泥炭质土等6类土的融沉系数一含水量或融沉系数一超塑含水量线性回归方程式,得到与各融沉性分级相应的界限含水量或界限超塑含水量．最后...