楚雄盆地油气保存单元划分与评价

盆地经历多期构造运动,燕山期是油气藏关键时刻.晚燕山期后上覆K2-E地层成为新的区域盖层,喜马拉雅运动的挤压作用加强和改造了原先形成的圈闭,使油气重新分配,形成新的油气保存单元.将楚雄盆地现今油气保存单元划分为持续型、残留型、改造型及重建型四种基本类型,并对其进行综合评价.     

塔里木盆地巴楚—麦盖提地区古生界油气藏成藏期次

本文利用塔里木盆地巴楚—麦盖提地区8口井53块样品开展了流体包裹体的荧光观察和显微测温、测盐系统分析,并结合埋藏史、热演化史确定了研究区古生界油气藏的主要成藏期次及成藏时间。研究结果表明,研究区古生界油气藏曾发生过2期4个幕次的油气运聚事件,即：海西晚期的早成藏阶段,其可进一步划分为晚石炭世—早二叠世（距今309.40~289.20 Ma）和晚二叠世—早三叠世（距今262.90~241.20 Ma）2个幕次;喜马拉雅晚期的晚成藏阶段,主要以高成熟油充注及天然气成藏为主,其可划分为新近纪晚期（距今6.31~4.17 Ma）和第四纪早期（距今2.31~1.62 Ma）2个幕次。结合盆地构造演化史认为,2期油气运聚事件分别受海西晚期和喜马拉雅晚期构造运动控制,印支—燕山期构造抬升中止了烃源岩演化,形成了海西晚期和喜马拉雅晚期2个重要的油气成藏时期。     

三塘湖盆地火山岩油藏特征与成藏过程分析

三塘湖盆地属西部典型的改造型叠合盆地,火山岩油气藏主要分布于石炭系、二叠系火山岩中。本文结合盆地构造演化史与生烃史,分析了三塘湖盆地石炭-二叠纪火山岩油气藏形成的动态过程。火山岩油气藏主要形成于二叠纪末-三叠纪海西印支期和侏罗纪末-白垩纪末期的燕山期,油气藏的形成及后期调整与构造运动密切相关。火山岩油气藏具多期运聚、多期成藏和多期调整改造成藏特征,其成藏模式为以火山岩风化壳为储集层、下覆湖相泥岩为烃源岩,油气在构造背景下,沿不整合面聚集成藏,形成下生上储地层型油藏组合模式。本文结合构造演化史分析三塘湖盆地火山岩油气成藏过程,对西部沉积盆地下组合火山岩油气藏的勘探具有良好借鉴与指导意义。     

塔里木盆地多期改造-晚期定型复合构造与油气战略选区

受关键构造变革期制约,叠合盆地具有分期差异变形特征。从变形角度分析,塔里木盆地可以追溯出5期主要的构造改造作用,即加里东中期、加里东晚期-海西早期、海西晚期、印支-燕山期和喜马拉雅期,并影响塔里木盆地的发展演化历史。通过对塔北、塔中和库车已知油气聚集区解剖表明:古生代多期改造形成的断裂、褶皱、隆升、剥蚀和岩溶作用,对台盆区巨型海相碳酸盐岩古岩溶油气藏的形成具有重要的控制作用;中、新生代多期改造过程,对前陆褶皱-冲断带大规模油气聚集成藏具有重要的控制作用;这些已知油气聚集区带都是在喜马拉雅晚期最终定型的,总体构成多期改造-晚期定型复合构造油气聚集模式。综合分析了塔里木新区分期差异构造变形特征,在此基础上,依据叠合盆地多期改造-晚期定型构造模式,对塔里木新区进行了区块评价和油气战略选区,认为巴楚隆起、麦盖提斜坡和西昆仑山前褶皱-冲断带是近期油气勘探突破的首选地区,塔东地区、塘古巴斯坳陷和阿瓦提断陷具有良好的油气勘探前景。     

隐蔽油气藏成藏机理研究现状及展望

隐蔽油气藏可以按其判别难度、隐蔽方式、油气富集动力学机制等进行分类。按动力学成因可基本分为五类:浮力顺优势通道输导油气聚集成藏、毛细管力引入油气聚集成藏、深盆气体体积膨胀推排油气聚集成藏、分子吸附油气聚集成藏、分子结合力聚集甲烷水合物气藏。受盆地类型、构造背景、沉积环境等因素的影响,不同地区、不同类型的隐蔽油气藏成藏主控因素不同。论述了国内外对隐蔽油气藏的分类、成藏主控因素、成藏动力系统和成藏模式等研究的进展,提出了进一步开展我国隐蔽油气藏成因机理和富集规律等研究的方向。     

物理调整油气藏的类型与成藏机制研究——运用三维荧光定量研究塔里木盆地轮南三叠系油气藏调整机制

轮南隆起是塔里木盆地海相油气最为富集的复式含油气区,从奥陶系到白垩系均发现工业油气流,均来源于中-上奥陶统海相烃源岩。中生界砂岩是海相油气成藏系统的"末端",目前发现的油气均来自奥陶系油气藏的调整。其中,轮南地区三叠系油气藏油气性质复杂、相态多样,不同地区的油气调整期次和成藏过程均不一致。激光诱导三维荧光定量分析技术也可以分析古油水界面变化,在确定古油柱高度,反映油气水变迁等方面发挥重要作用。根据三维荧光定量研究,划分出垂向调整、侧向运移和油气混合三种调整类型:轮南断垒带三叠系仅发生一期油气充注,奥陶系油气发生垂向调整聚集成藏;中部平台区喜马拉雅山期三叠系地层发生翘倾,油气主要通过不整合发生侧向运移调整;晚期的构造运动不仅是油气调整的动力机制,而且构造高部位是早期油气调整和后期油气汇聚的有利区域。根据三种油气调整成藏模式的油气地质特征分析认为,垂向调整油气藏分布范围受断层断开层位和组合形式限制;侧向运移的油气沿不整合面和层状砂体调整距离较远,分布范围较广,在局部岩性或构造圈闭聚集成藏,但油气丰度较低;油气混合型调整油气藏形成于多期构造作用的叠加区,现今构造高部位有利于多期油气汇聚,形成油气性质复杂、相态多样的油气藏。     

桂中坳陷海相地层油气成藏与热作用改造

桂中坳陷是在加里东运动基础上形成的晚古生代海相大型沉积坳陷,已演化成为由上古生界和三叠系充填的残留盆地,其中泥盆系深埋地腹,是主要的勘探目的层系。桂中1井揭示泥盆系—石炭系具有两套生储盖组合,钻遇了气测异常、油迹砂岩、固体沥青等三类油气显示,其中泥盆系沥青显示井段累计709m。桂中坳陷古油藏(沥青)主要来源于中—下泥盆统塘丁组和罗富组泥岩。桂中1井和南丹大厂储层固体沥青为运移/成藏的油气发生热裂解而形成的焦沥青。桂中1井经历了两期油气充注,第一期为印支期前的主力生烃期,第二期(晚期)为燕山期—喜马拉雅期,以紧邻油气显示层的可溶烃类为代表。经历了三期油气改造:第一期为印支期前的油气藏经历了地层沉降增温的热裂解作用而演化为固体沥青和甲烷天然气,第二期为燕山晚期岩浆活动导致的更高温度的热蚀变作用,第三期为喜马拉雅期构造抬升的改造或破坏作用对上泥盆统油气藏的影响。晚期成藏的天然气应是下一步的勘探方向。桂中坳陷西部地层保存相对完整(目的层深埋),断裂和岩浆活动相对不发育,可能更有利于天然气的聚集和保存。     

吐哈盆地中下侏罗统煤成烃的形成与富集规律

吐哈盆地中下侏罗统水西沟群是一套厚达２０００ｍ的河沼－湖沼相煤系地层,其中的煤岩及暗色泥岩是已发现油气藏的主要源岩。形成于燕山期的古构造控制了油气富集,纵向上油气主要在中侏罗统聚集成藏。油气以垂向运移及短距离侧向运移为主,断裂控制了油气运、聚、保、散。多种构造样式与砂体交互配置,形成多种油气藏类型,构成复式油气聚集带     

雪峰山西侧盆山过渡带油气成藏地质特征 和破坏类型

对雪峰山西侧盆山过渡带油气成藏的基本特征进行了总结,划分出该区在燕山—喜马拉雅期强烈构造改造作用下可能残存的5套含油气组合。总结了区内典型的成藏特征,提出该区下古生界地层中油气具有多源供烃、多期成藏特征,并经历了“古油藏”阶段,构造隆升剥蚀作用是造成油气保存条件不好的重要因素。提出在晚期构造强烈改造区中也存在油气保存条件相对较好的地区,这类地区主要位于“隔槽式”褶皱主背斜的断层下盘、两翼潜伏构造及复向斜等下寒武统、下志留统区域性泥岩盖层分布地区。研究区地层中存在原生、次生、再生型油气藏,无论哪类油气藏,“构造型油气藏”在构造强烈改造后保存下来的几率变小,“非构造型油气藏”(主要是岩性油气藏)保存下来的几率较高。通过分析研究区古油气藏的破坏条件,提出了五大类10亚类油气藏破坏类型划分方案,指出研究区存在多种破坏类型的古油藏。     

中国海相油气多期充注与成藏聚集模式研究——以塔里木盆地轮古东地区为例

中国海相盆地经历了早古生代末(加里东期)、晚古生代-早中生代(海西期)和晚新生代(喜山期)三期重大构造变动,深刻影响了海相油气生成、运移与聚集,使得油气分布规律变得非常复杂。中国海相盆地一般发育多套烃源岩,由于它们发育的时代和位置多不相同,生、排烃时间往往不同步,存在多源多期充注的特点。因此,多期油气成藏是海相盆地的一个重要特点。多期成藏是在多期构造运动的影响下,多套烃源层多期成熟排烃的结果。塔里木盆地塔北隆起轮古东地区是一个典型的多期充注型油气藏,目前已确定的主要成藏期包括晚加里东期、晚海西期和晚喜马拉雅期三期。轮古东碳酸盐岩非均质储层形成的缝洞圈闭体系,形成早,后期构造作用使圈闭没有发生大的变化,因此保留了这三期充注的油气;油气地球化学分析资料进一步证实了这三次油气充注成藏过程。通过地质分析,再现了油气充注成藏过程,建立了海相油气多期充注与成藏聚集模式。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861