Injection System for Multiwell Injection Using a Single Pump

Many hydrological and geochemical studies rely on data resulting from injection of tracers and chemicals into groundwater wells. The even distribution of liquids to multiple injection points can be challenging or expensive, especially when using multiple pumps. An injection system was designed using one chemical metering pump to evenly distribute the desired influent simultaneously to 15 individual injection points through an injection manifold. The system was constructed with only one metal part contacting the fluid due to the low pH of the injection solutions. The injection manifold system was used during a 3‐month pilot scale injection experiment at the Vineland Chemical Company Superfund site. During the two injection phases of the experiment (Phase I = 0.27 L/min total flow, Phase II = 0.56 L/min total flow), flow measurements were made 20 times over 3 months; an even distribution of flow to each injection well was maintained (RSD < 4%). This durable system is expandable to at least 16 injection points and should be adaptable to other injection experiments that require distribution of air‐stable liquids to multiple injection points with a single pump.     

The Effect of Injection Discharge to Reduce the Bend Scour Using Water Injection Technique

Water Resources - One method for reducing scour at river bends is to employ protective structures. In this study, the performance of one of these structures has been investigated using water...     

Operation and Maintenance of Underground Injection Wells

The DuPont Victoria Texas plant has gained 195 well-years of experience in operating and maintaining underground injection wells since 1953. This experience demonstrates that it is very important to locate wells where proper geology exists for ground water protection. The well construction features and materials are equally important. Well operation at this plant features a leak detection system that continuously monitors the mechanical integrity of the wells. The evaluation of these monitoring data provides early detection of problems before the environment can be harmed. Investigation and diagnostic techniques are then used to determine the nature and exact location of problems, whether they exist at the surface or downhole in the injection tubing, packer or casing. Once the problem is defined, remedial action is instituted. Finally the success of the repair is confirmed through additional testing.
Only a limited number of repairs have been required over the past 33 years and all have been carried out without endangering the environment.     

Injection Effects on Sediment Transport in Closed-Conduit Flows

Experiments were conducted to investigate injection effects on sediment transport in closed-conduit flows. The results show that the sediment transport rate essentially remains unchanged when the ratio of the injection velocity and that at boiling, Vi/Vcr < 10. However, significant sediment transport rate is observed when Vi/Vcr increases beyond this limit. In the literature, three semi-empirical models have been developed to relate seepage effects on the sediment transport rate. The experimentally measured data in the pre- and post-boiling condition (Liu and Chiew 2014, and the present study, respectively) are compared with these models. The results show that the models of Francalanci et al. (2008) and Nielsen et al. (2001) perform poorly in predicting injection effects on the sediment transport. Although Yang’s (2013) model could reasonably predict the influence of injection on the sediment transport rate in the post-boiling condition, it similarly fails when applied to the pre-boiling condition.     

自动推注碘水结肠造影术的应用价值

目的:探讨自动推注碘水结肠造影术在小儿结肠及小肠病变中的应用价值。方法:收集我院临床怀疑下消化道病变的55例患儿,均采用自动推注碘水结肠造影检查发现结肠及小肠病变。结果:自动推注碘水结肠造影直观显示病变所在部位。诊断为先天性空肠狭窄5例,先天性空肠闭锁并细小结肠10例,先天性回肠闭锁并细小结肠20例,先天性细小小肠2例,先天性肛门闭锁并直肠会阴瘘4例,先天性巨结肠12例,结肠息肉2例。结论:自动推注碘水结肠造影检查简单、安全、快速且有效,不仅是诊断小儿结肠及小肠病变最好的方法,而且可以减少患儿及陪护家属的放射性辐射损伤。      

Strategies to Make Methods Based on Flow Injection Analysis Greener

The implementation of flow injection analysis (FIA) systems and correlated techniques in the laboratory routine provides an increase of analytical throughput and the reduction of risks of analyte losses and contamination. Naturally, it contributes to the reduction of reagent consumption and minimization of waste generation. This paper presents and discusses an overview of the main strategies adopted to make methods based on FIA systems more environmentally friendly, and offers a review of these methods that covers the period from January 2002 to December 2019. Strategies based on reagent management (adoption of procedures without reagents, replacement of toxic reagents, recycling and reuse of reagents and, use of immobilized reagents), the online waste treatment, and the improvements of FIA systems (flow system configurations that avoid reagent wastage, use of green detectors, automation, and miniaturization) are approached in this perspective.     

Injection and arrest of dykes: implications for volcanic hazards

Dykes are the principal channels through which magma reaches the surface in volcanic eruptions. For this reason dykes observed in the field are commonly assumed to be feeders to lava flows. The actual proportion of dykes reaching the surface is, however, poorly known. In order to develop models for the purpose of estimating volcanic hazard, this proportion must be known. This follows because such models should not only consider the probability of dykes being injected from magma chambers during periods of unrest in the associated volcanoes, but also the probability of the injected dykes being arrested. This paper presents field data on several thousand dykes from Iceland and Tenerife (Canary Islands) indicating that many, and probably most, dykes become arrested at various crustal levels and never reach the surface to feed eruptions. Using the results of analytical and numerical models, it is shown that, for common loading conditions, the stress field in the vicinity of a magma chamber may favour the injection and propagation of dykes while the stress field at a certain distance from the chamber favours dyke arrest. This means that many dykes that are injected from the chamber propagate only for a very limited distance from the chamber to the point where they become arrested. The implication is that during periods of unrest in volcanoes, the probability of volcanic eruption is only a small fraction of the probability of dyke injection from the source magma chamber.     

CT自动注射器在小儿增强扫描中应用

本文总结了ＣＴ自动压力注射器在小儿增强扫描中的应用,根据小儿各脏器功能,发育不完善,对造影剂反应不能表达或表达不确切,对扫描不能配合等难点,总结了应用方法,对自动注射器安全应用于小儿提供了切实可行的经验。     

沙土在孔隙水注入实验中渗透剪切破坏

前人曾指出液化后伴随着超孔隙水压重新分配的渗透会引起流体破坏的可能性。为了研究这一现象,利用实验室三轴试验将孔隙水注入土壤检测了土壤的渗透剪切破坏。该实验是在各项异性的固结作用后保持差应力,使用孔隙水控制装置在体积不变的应变控制条件下将孔隙水注入。实验中所用的材料是在1995年神户地震时被液化的常规洁净细砂和风化的花岗岩土壤。本文以实验结果为基础,讨论了由孔隙水注入引起的渗透剪切破坏判据和导致后液化行为的剪切应变发展特征。