潍坊市暴雨洪涝灾害风险区划

利用潍坊市气象数据以及统计年鉴资料、基础地理信息数据、土地利用类型数据和历史灾情数据,基于暴雨洪涝灾害风险评估模型,结合GIS技术,对潍坊市暴雨洪涝灾害进行风险评估,并绘制出潍坊市暴雨洪涝灾害风险区划图.结果表明：诸城市中北部、高密市的西南部及安丘的东南部属于高风险区,安丘的东北部、昌邑的南部属于较高风险区,昌乐的大部分、青州的东部、临朐的东北部、安丘的西部属于中风险区,青州西南部、临朐西南部、寿光东北部、昌邑东北部属于低风险区.评价结果与潍坊市的实际情况基本吻合.     

中小河流域暴雨洪涝灾害风险评估及效果检验

本文基于FloodArea水动力模型及WRF模式,运用气象资料、水文资料、地理信息资料、社会经济统计资料以及灾情调查资料等,以长江一级支流的秋浦河流域为研究区,开展中小河流域暴雨洪涝灾害风险评估及效果检验。结果表明:FloodArea模型对洪水的淹没范围、淹没水深以及淹没历时等具有较好的模拟效果,可用于中小河流域暴雨洪涝灾害风险评估与预警业务,并由此初步建立了包含模式降水预报→面雨量计算→洪涝淹没模拟→风险评估→预警发布→效果检验等环节的暴雨洪涝灾害风险评估及效果检验业务流程,实现从以往常规的强降水预报到暴雨洪涝灾害预报的业务延伸,可进行推广应用。     

基于GIS潍坊市暴雨洪涝灾害损失评估方法研究

利用潍坊市1984—2007年暴雨洪涝灾情数据,基于GIS技术结合模糊综合评价方法确定了灾害综合评价指数,根据灾损率指标与灾害综合评价指数得到潍坊市农业经济损失率评估模型。模型表明灾害综合评价指数与农业经济损失率具有较好的线性相关关系,相关系数达0.842。并对潍坊市一次暴雨洪涝灾害进行评估,验证该模型精度。与实际灾情数据对比,相对误差最小值为15.37%,最大值为21.29%,模拟结果与历史灾情数据基本一致。     

基于GIS淹没模型的流域暴雨洪涝风险区划方法

在求取漳河流域雨洪曲线,分析流域历史暴雨洪涝风险个例基础上,确定流域致灾临界面雨量和洪涝风险水位段.采用耿贝尔极值Ⅰ型分布法求取流域不同重现期面雨量,基于GIS的暴雨洪涝淹没模型,利用D8及曼宁公式计算不同重现期面雨量淹没范围和水深;运用灾害风险原理,制作漳河流域暴雨洪涝风险区划.同时,对湖北省钟祥市行政区域制作了风险区划图,并与实际灾情进行了比较,暴雨洪涝灾害频发区与高风险区对应较好.结果表明,该方法能够直观表达暴雨洪涝灾害的形成,也反映了流域及研究区域内的暴雨洪涝灾害风险,有较清楚的物理意义.     

基于GIS的河南省洪涝灾害风险评估与区划研究

在分析洪灾形成的各主要因子的基础上,提出了基于地理信息系统(GIS)的洪灾风险评估指标模型。在对指标体系赋予权重的基础上结合GIS进行洪涝灾害风险评估和区划分析,结合河南省具体情况,以降雨、地形和区域社会经济易损性为主要指标,得出河南省洪灾风险综合区划图,既有赋予权重后的准确性又有GIS区划图的一目了然,具有一定的理论和实践意义。从所得到的洪涝灾害风险区划图可以看出,信阳、驻马店、周口大部分地区由于降水较多和社会易损性影响度较大,发生洪涝的风险最大,焦作、郑州、开封和安阳、濮阳的部分地区,由于处于黄河流域发生洪涝的可能也较大,其他地区发生洪涝可能性不大。     

基于GIS图层叠置法的精细化雷电灾害易损度区划模型

本文从雷电致灾因子、孕灾环境和承灾体方面研究雷电灾害风险评估及区划方法,根据自然灾害系统理论和自然灾害风险评估理论,以福建省三明市为例,利用气象探测资料、地理信息数据、社会经济发展规模、人口密度、土地利用现状以及雷电灾情等数据,采用统计方法、灾情解析、调查问卷确定权重等方法,建立起评价指标与风险评估的定量关系,利用GIS技术将易损性构成要素进行图层叠置,在GIS平台上将所有数据落实到1km×1km的格栅上进行处理,各地的雷电灾害易损性便以1km×1km的单元进行计算量化,最终得到精细化的雷电灾害易损性风险区划图,完成基于GIS图层叠置法的精细化雷电灾害易损度区划模型研究,形成较科学的雷电灾害风险评估及区划技术方法体系,具有很好的应用推广价值,为发展智慧气象,提升防雷减灾公共服务能力提供科学参考,对开展雷电监测、预警、预报以及防雷减灾研究都具有重要意义。     

海南省暴雨洪涝灾害风险评价及区划研究

选取暴雨洪涝灾害较为严重的海南省为研究区,在对孕灾环境敏感性、致灾因子危险性、承灾体易损性、防灾减灾能力等因子进行定量分析评价的基础上,根据风险度指数的大小,反映暴雨洪涝灾害风险分布的地区差异性,对研究区暴雨洪涝灾害风险进行区划,结果分为5个等级。将灾情数据的空间分布与相应的灾害风险区划结果进行对比分析及结果验证,并提出相应的灾害防御措施。     

“实需排模比值”在荆州地区洪涝灾害评估中的应用

使用荆州地区1960－2005的气象观测资料和历史洪涝灾情资料,尝试用降水量、前期影响雨量、排涝量、作物耐涝状况的“实需排模比值”评估洪涝灾害,并与实际灾情进行对比.结果表明:“实需排模比值”法对洪涝灾害的核灾、评估都有较好的效果,能较准确的判定是否发生洪涝灾害及灾害的严重程度.     

东营市河口区暴雨洪涝灾害风险区划初步分析

使用1992—2010年山东省东营市河口区气象站及区域自动站降水量资料、各乡镇人口和经济资料、地理信息以及灾情普查资料,分析河口区暴雨气候特征和灾害特征;在此基础上,基于GIS技术和百分位数、专家打分、层次分析、加权综合评价4种数据处理方法,计算各地暴雨洪涝风险系数,对该区暴雨洪涝灾害风险区划进行初步分析。结果表明,近...     

长江中下游地区洪涝灾害风险性评估

基于长江中下游地区2000—2008年湖北、湖南、江西、安徽、江苏、浙江6个省的洪涝灾情资料 (由于上海市洪涝灾情较轻未列入分析范围),运用灰色关联度法对该区域各省每年洪涝受灾情况进行量化,建立洪涝综合灾情指数。基于该指数,采用信息扩散理论评估模型对该区的洪涝灾害进行风险性评估,结果表明:各省洪涝灾害风险差异明显;该地区洪涝中灾频发,几乎1~2年就会遭遇其危害,安徽、湖北以及湖南发生大灾的可能性最大;江苏、浙江次之;江西遭遇大灾的概率相对较小。这一评估结果与近9年实际洪涝灾情统计资料相吻合,说明所用评估模型在处理不完备信息方面确有优势,可以推广应用。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.