红鳍东方Tun人工育苗技术的初步研究

１９９６年从日本引进３ｋｇ红鲁东方Ｔｕｎ受精卵，在福建省宁德市进行人工育苗技术研究，孵出仔鱼７０万尾，孵化率３８．９％，培育出平均全长２．９９ｃｍ的幼鱼１８．５万尾，育苗成活率２６．４％，并对人工育苗的关键技术进行了探讨。     

卵形鲳鯵人工育苗技术的研究

在卵形鲳鯵人工育苗技术的研究中，进行了不同饵料对仔鱼生长及成活率影响的试验，培育出体长3～5cm鱼苗23万尾．平均成活率为57．5％。结果表明用螺旋藻强化培育轮虫和采用二次培育方法进行卵形鲳鯵人工育苗．可提高鱼苗的成活率。     

双棘黄姑鱼人工育苗技术的研究

对双棘黄姑鱼【Nibeadiacanthus(Lacepede)】催产孵化和育苗技术进行了试验研究,并从形态学方面对其近似种和易混种进行了比较。结果显示,双棘黄姑鱼性腺发育至Ⅳ期经人工催产都能产卵受精．效应时间为20～40h。胚胎发育适宜水温为22～26℃．适宜盐度为30～35,孵化率为80％～90％。在育苗水温27～29℃,盐度28～30,150万初孵仔鱼经20d培育,共育出全长1．4～2．3cm的稚鱼95．3万尾,育成率62．3％;其中32．2万稚鱼分池继续培育至36天,育出全长3．1～5．2cm的幼鱼18．4万尾。本试验说明对双棘黄姑鱼进行人工催产孵化育苗,能够培育出达到商品规格的鱼种。     

厦门文昌鱼人工繁育批量生产技术研究

2005年5月21日至7月6日从厦门市翔安区欧厝附近海域采集文昌鱼亲体6批共计550余尾，移入室内进行强化培育．7月16日和17日夜间，培育的亲体自然排放精卵并受精，共获得受精卵125万粒．受精卵孵化获得浮游幼体115万尾，孵化率达92．0％．孵化的幼体经25d较高密度人工培育，获得99．2万尾体长0．31～0．72cm的文昌鱼苗及未成苗浮游幼体；分苗疏养后，又经28d继续培育，存活的幼体几乎全部潜入沙层中，最终获得体长0．55～1．30cm的厦门文昌鱼潜沙苗23．2万尾，其53d育苗成活率达20．7％．这是国内外首次人工培育获得成批量的文昌鱼增养殖苗种．进而于2005年11月6日向厦门文昌鱼自然保护区实施了国内外首次的文昌鱼资源人工增殖放流．     

黑鮶(Sebastodes fuscences)人工育苗的实验研究

在常规的海产鱼类人工育苗的基础上，结合黑鮶仔、稚鱼生理生态特点，在200m3水体中，育出平均规格2．6cm的黑鮶苗种30．58万尾，单位水体出苗量达1500尾以上，并在育苗过程中对黑鮶仔、稚鱼的摄食、生长、成活率等方面进行较系统观察。     

黑君人工育苗的实验研究

在常规的海产鱼类人工育苗的基础上，结合黑君仔、稚鱼生理生态特点，在２００ｍ＾３水体中，育出平均规格２．６ｃｍ的黑君苗种３０．５８万尾，单位水体出苗量达１５００尾以上，并在育苗过程中对黑君仔、稚鱼的摄食、生长、成活率等方面进行较系统观察。     

假晴东方Tun鳢人工育苗研究

假晴东方Ｔｕｎ人工育苗获得４１．８ｍｍ种苗３５１０００尾，每立方水体出苗８６０尾。越冬成活率９１．６％，增重率６１．８％。利用室内水泥池及养虾土池养成商品鱼，分别获得１９６９ｇ／ｍ＾３和３０８ｋｇ／亩的收成。     

假晴东方鲀人工育苗研究

假晴东方鲀人工育苗获得４１．８ｍｍ种苗３５１０００尾，每立方水体出 苗８６０尾。越冬成活率９１．６％，增重率６１．８％。利用室内水泥池及养虾土池 养成商品鱼，分别获得１９６９ ｇ／ｍ３和 ２０８ ｋｇ／亩的收成。     

卵形鲳鲹与布氏鲳鲹人工育苗的对比研究

分别于2002年4月、5月在广东湛江东海育苗场对卵形鲳鯵(Trachinotus ovatus)及布氏鲳鯵(Trachinotus blochii)进行了人工育苗试验,共培育出体长3～5cm鱼苗81万尾。其中布氏鲳鯵58万尾、卵形鲳鯵23万尾,成活率均达到50％以上。对试验进行了对比,统计分析显示：在培育环境相似的情况下,两种鱼在发育上无显著差异。     

鲻鱼人工育苗研究

本文报道了１９９１－１９９御鲻鱼人工育苗的研究结果，在水温２４．０－２６．０℃，盐度２．０－３０．０和ｐＨ值８．２１－８．２６的条件下，初孵仔鱼经培育３８日龄变态为幼鱼，全长达２５．１０ｍｍ；１９９４－１９９５年及１９９５－１９９６年度分别育出幼鱼５１２４０属及１１２０４９尾，育苗成活率为５．９％－１２．０％《文中介绍了饵料系列，鱼苗生长与发育观察研究结果。     

皱纹盘鲍肝、肾表达序列标签及神经肽Y(NPY)受体基因的克隆与分析

通过构建皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus Hannai)cDNA文库并进行大规模测序,获得了1282条高质量的ESTs序列,对这些序列进行拼接,获得了包括650条序列在内的244组片段重叠群(Contigs)和632个单一序列(Singletons).使用BlastX软件对876个Unigenes(Uniger...     

基于初级生产力的海洋生物资源承载力评估

资源环境承载力研究亟待突破承载阈值界定与关键参数率定的技术瓶颈,并建立一套标准化的定量评价关键技术。本研究基于“资源量?消费量”模型,通过调查与实验分析获取特定海区的初级生产力、浮游植物有机碳含量、鱼类营养级等关键参数值,采用营养动态模型和Tait沿岸海域能流模型来估算海洋生物资源总量,然后根据年人均水产品摄入量或年人均蛋白质摄入量来计算该海区海洋生物资源承载力的阈值。根据2016年对日照辖区海域的生态环境状况调查,该海域年平均初级生产力(以C计)为428.22 mg/(m2·d),浮游植物年生产量为918.51万t,鱼类、虾蟹类和头足类的平均营养级分别为3.85、3.92和3.90,利用营养动态模型计算海域渔业资源(鱼类、虾蟹类和头足类)的年生产量为3.89万t;根据Tait沿岸海域能流模型计算日照10 m等深线以内浅海的除去壳重的贝类资源量为5.50万t。按照年人均水产品摄入量为21 kg,计算出日照辖区海域的海洋生物资源承载力总和为192.86万人;按照年人均摄入蛋白质量为30 kg,计算出日照辖区海域的海洋生物资源承载力总和为16.87万人。本文建立了一项具有广泛适用性的海洋生物资源承载力定量评价技术,对科学地开发利用海洋生物资源和建立陆海统筹的资源环境承载力的监测预警机制起到积极的促进作用。     

海湾扇贝微卫星标记开发及其分离方式分析

利用尼龙膜吸附杂交法构建了海湾扇贝的(AC)_(15)、(AG)_(15)微卫星富集文库,随机挑取3 000个克隆,经菌落原位杂交二次筛选共获得阳性克隆1 268个(42.3%).经序列测定和生物信息学分析后得到521个独立的阳性克隆,其中微卫星506个,小卫星15个.微卫星中,完美型248个,占总数的49.0%;非完美型216个,占42.7%;复合型42个,占8.3%;其中AG/TC重复占70.4%(356个),AC/TG重复29.6%(150个).选择其中的55条序列设计引物,筛选出其中的20对引物检测它们在海湾扇贝CC10家系的双亲和94个子代个体中的分离情况,结果表明:(1) 其中6个位点在母本和子代中发生分离,10个位点在父本和子代中发生分离,4个为双亲共享位点;(2) 2个位点存在无效等位基因;(3) 16个位点符合孟德尔遗传定律,4个位点的子代个体基因型频率偏离孟德尔遗传定律.上述结果表明,这些微卫星引物可以用于构建海湾扇贝的遗传连锁图谱,并且所构建的富集文库适用于微卫星标记的大规模开发.     

莱州湾湿地资源价值评估综合研究

文章分析了国内外资源价值评估现状及莱州湾湿地自然资源地理经济概况,构建了价值评估体系,运用价值评估方法对该湾湿地资源的直接和非直接使用价值进行评估计算,结果分别为449 640.5万元/a(其中,水产资源价值220 532万元/a,水资源价值73 887万元/a,原盐资源生产价值147 200万元/a,植物资源生产价值8 021.5万元/a)和85 972.6万元/a(其中,气候调节49 976万元/a,涵养水源27 515万元/a,湿地水质净化4 008万元/a,生物多样性维护4 473.6万元/a),发现水产资源、水资源、矿物资源、气候调节与涵养水源为莱州湾资源价值量较高的前5位。综上所述,本研究认为当地政府、企业及公众在发展经济的同时也应充分利用当地资源优势发展渔业与盐化工产业,以达资源可持续利用及生态保护之目的。     

Hydrobiological studies of the ballast waters of cargo ships in Russian Sea ports

The results of the first studies on the ballast waters of commercial vessels in Novorossiysk and Vladivostok ports are presented. Data on the composition of the flora and fauna, their abundance, viability, and the origin of the species were obtained. In the zooplankton from the ballast waters sampled in the Novorossiysk port, 31 species of holoplankton and 15 species of meroplankton were found. The total number of zooplankton varied from 1.3 to 60 thousand ind./m³. The Mediterranean basin, providing 62% of the ballast waters, represents a vector of the greatest risk. In the port of Vladivostok, in the ballast waters of the vessels of the Russian-Japanese and Russian-Chinese lines, 45 species of microalgae, 24 species of zooplankton, 22 species of meroplankton, and 10 groups of meiofauna were revealed. In addition, 24 species of microscopic filamentous fungi were identified and 28 morphologically distinguishable strains of bacteria were isolated (in total not less than 153 species). The basic “groups of risk” for bioinvasions in the basins of the Black Sea and the seas of the Far East were revealed. The need for control of ships’ ballast waters in Russia, which is presently lacking relevant national methodical guidelines and legislation, is substantiated.     

A note on using the accelerated convergence method in climate models

Application of the accelerated convergence (or asynchronous integration) method of Bryan (1984) to climate problems with time‐dependent forcing is investigated using an ocean general circulation model (GCM), with an idealized box ocean and forced with an idealized seasonal restoring surface temperature. Numerical experiments consist of a control experiment, which is integrated synchronously for 9000 years, and 2 experiments with asynchronous integration, one with depth dependent acceleration and one with depth independent acceleration. The latter 2 cases were integrated synchronously for 9000 years after asynchronous equilibria are reached. It is found that a few thousand years of synchronous integration is needed to reach a new equilibrium after asynchronous equilibrium is obtained, consistent with a scaling argument. However, at the new equilibrium, temperature in the deep ocean only differs from that of the early stage of synchronous adjustment by about 0.01°C. So for practical purposes, 50 years of synchronous integration beyond asynchronous equilibrium is sufficient. A simple interpretation of the accelerated convergence method of Bryan is also presented.     

栉孔扇贝(♀)×虾夷扇贝(♂)子一代杂种优势的SRAP分析

采用新型的分子标记技术(Sequence-related amplified polymorphism,简称SRAP)对栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)(♀)×虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)(♂)子一代及其双亲的遗传变异进行分析.从不同的引物组合中筛选出9对条带清晰、多态性丰富的组合,9对引物共产生了121条扩增带,其中多态性条带107条,平均每对引物组合产生11.89条多态标记.Shannon信息指数I分别为0.299 9、0.218 9、0.334 3,Nei's基因多样性指数h分别是0.196 4、0.141 1、0.218 9,栉孔扇贝与杂交后代的遗传距离是0.107 4,虾夷扇贝与杂交后代的遗传距离是0.228 7,聚类分析也显示了这一特点.从变异贡献率来看,3个群体的总变异中,有37.31%的变异来源于群体间,62.69%的变异来源于个体间.     

Longitudinal strength of a high-speed ferry

The longitudinal strength of the high-speed ferry was investigated by subjecting the ship's hull girder to long-term loads obtained from a frequency-domain panel code. Prior to the statistical analysis, linearly computed transfer functions were corrected for nonlinear effects, yielding two sets of transfer functions valid for different wave amplitudes. One set corresponded to the hogging condition; the other set, to the sagging condition. Two regular equivalent design waves were specified that resulted in loads representing the most severe global design load conditions. The still-water loading condition, yielding a still-water vertical bending moment in hogging, was superimposed on the wave-induced loads to obtain the total (design) loads in hogging. For the sagging condition only, additional impact-related loads were superimposed to obtain the total (design) loads in sagging. A finite element model of the ship's structure was subjected to pressure distributions according to the two regular design waves. For comparison with classification society rule values, a simple beam theory strength analysis of the ship's midship section was performed first, and then another finite element analysis was carried out, whereby the imposed loads were tuned to the rule values of vertical bending moments. Rule-based magnitudes of nominal maximum longitudinal stress deviated significantly (25–39%) from comparable stresses obtained by the panel code based finite element analysis. However, stresses obtained from the rule-based finite element analysis agreed more favorably, especially in hogging. In the uppermost deck, for example, the panel code based compressive stress was only 9% larger than the comparable stress from the rule-based finite element analysis.     

Indicative proxy evidences of the changing monsoonal precipitation during the last millennium over central west coast of India: A possible link to solar variability

Proxy records of paleomonsoonal variations were obtained, utilizing foraminiferal tracers in two shallow water sediment cores collected from the inner shelf region off Karwar, central west coast of India. The preliminary results record the average signature of relatively better monsoonal precipitation at around 1400?C1410, 1575?C1590 and 1750 AD with intermittent dry phases from around (1290?C1355 AD), (1425?C1535 AD) and (1600?C1665 AD) due to general reduction in the intensity of the rainfall. A comparison with the solar variability (Wolf, Sporer and Maunder sun spot minima) during the last thousand years suggests a possible linkage between the rainfall pattern and solar variability. The presented results though preliminary in nature due to limited dating of the sediments put forth only a possibility of inter-correspondence between solar variability and rainfall intensity. To further augment the reasoning, a number of sediment cores with close spaced dating control need to be studied from geographically distinct regions.     

碳、氮源浓度和培养时间对裂殖壶菌生长和脂肪酸组成的影响

对细胞干重的测定和应用气相色谱仪测定了不同碳、氮源浓度和不同培养时间下裂殖壶菌(Schizochytrium limac-inum)OUC88的生长和脂肪酸的组成。结果表明,在含有9%的葡萄糖和6%的豆粕水解物的培养基中,细胞生物量达到最高,为25.92 g/L;在含有6%的葡萄糖和2%的豆粕水解物的培养基中,细胞总脂含量以及总脂中的DHA含量均达到最高,分别为50.56%和35.83%。另外,不同生长时期内裂殖壶菌的总脂含量和脂肪酸组成不同。在培养到第4~5天,细胞的生物量、总脂以及DHA产量均最高。