个旧地区区域地球化学环境的系统评价

以云南个旧地区区域地球化学资料为基础,结合医学地质学、农业地质学和环境地质学的研究成果,对个旧地区区域地球化学环境进行了深入的讨论,引入并运用FCA模糊综合评价对个旧地区区域地球化学环境进行了系统评价,得出了个旧地区630 km~2范围内区域人居地球化学环境污染严重的结论,其原因既有第一环境的先天不足,也有第二环境的后天人为污染,应引起足够的重视.     

Role of environmental geology in US Department of Energy's advanced research and development programs to promote energy security in the United States

The purpose of this report is to describe the research programs and program activities of the US Department of Energy (DOE) that most directly relate to topics in the field of environmental geology. In this light, the mission of the DOE and the definition of environmental geology will be discussed. In a broad sense, environmental geology is that branch of earth science that emphasizes the entire spectrum of human interactions with the physical environment that include environmental health, mineral exploration and exploitation, waste management, energy use and conservation, global change, environmental law, natural and man-made hazard assessment, and land-use planning. A large number of research, development, and demonstration programs are under DOE's administration and guidance that directly or indirectly relate to topics in environmental geology. The primary mission of the DOE is to contribute to the welfare of the nation by providing the scientific foundation, technology, policy, and institutional leadership necessary to achieve efficiency in energy use, diversity in energy sources, a more productive and competitive economy, improved environmental quality, and a secure national defense. The research and development funding effort has most recently been redirected toward greater utilization of clean fossil fuels, especially natural gas, weatherization, renewable energy, energy efficiency, fusion energy, and high-energy physics. This paper will summarize the role that environmental geology has played and will continue to play in the execution of DOE's mission and the energy options that DOE has investigated closely. The specific options are those that center around energy choices, such as alternative-fueled transportation, building technologies, energy-efficient lighting, and clean energy.     

青岛市城市环境工程地质问题浅谈

应用环境工程地质的观点,从工程建设的角度对青岛市目前存在或潜在的环境工程地质问题进行了分析,提出了城市规划建设过程中应以科学的发展观控制或处理环境工程地质问题,以预防为主、治理为辅的方法强化对青岛市工程地质环境的管理,使城市发展与环境及资源保护达到和谐统一。     

我国城市地质研究的历史演化与发展前景的认识

城市地质以调查研究和解决与城市建设及发展有关的各种资源、环境等地质问题为其基本任务。它随时代发展和国家需要侧重点有所不同。 2 1世纪是人类共同追求可持续发展的世纪 ,保护和合理利用资源环境已成为我国的一个重大战略问题。     

Medium-scale engineering- and environmental-geology mapping of the perth metropolitan region,Western Australia

The need to present geological information in a form usable by planners, administrators, and the general public, prompted the preparation of medium-scale geology maps for the Perth Metropolitan Region. The thematic map approach is used to identify map units on the basis of lithology, morphology, slope category, hydrogeology, hydrography and soil and rock properties. The individual thematic maps are combined to delineate the map units: these are then assigned attributes of environmental significance. Their capabilities are evaluated in relation to human activities and land use practices. An information matrix presents geological data relevant to selected land uses. Attention to the geological factor in the formulation of land use planning policies allows optimum use of an area's natural resources with acceptable environmental impact.     

伊通火山群地质遗迹的科考与旅游价值

伊通火山群是以新生代火山地质环境为主形成的自然形态、自然环境系统,在火山地质构造、成因机制、典型岩石露头、地形地貌等方面有其自己的特色。因特殊的火山成因机制被火山学者命名为"伊通型"火山,所在区域列为国家级自然保护区和省级地质公园。伊通火山群地质遗迹具有火山地质科学研究的典型性和科学性、可供游人欣赏和休憩的自然性与观赏性。     

吉林省水文地质环境地质问题研究

根据吉林省水文地质环境地质问题的现状,在全面、系统综合研究最新成果的基础上,首先论述了自然环境特点和区域地质背景,其次根据当前全省经济现状和国民经济发展对水文地质环境地质问题的需求,对全省进行了水文地质环境地质分区,同时重点地论述了全省存在的主要水文地质环境地质问题,最后有针对性地提出了今后水文地质环境地质问题战略规划和建议。     

Some problems of ecological environmental geology in arid and semiarid areas of China

Arid and semiarid areas are widely distributed in China but rich in natural resources. Because of the arid climate, complex geological conditions, and human activities, some problems of ecological environmental geology occur, such as lack of water resources, desertification, salinization, and biogeochemical endemic diseases, etc. These problems occur in fragile regions of the environment, seriously restricting the developing of the national economy and causing harm to human health. Ecological environmental geology is a new developing science in China. Through the research of ecological environmental geology and with the help of research results of the western plain of the Tarim Basin in Xingjing, we propose a comprehensive administrative measure of ecological geological environment on the basis of rational utilization of water resources, and it can be used to improve the ecological environment of arid and semiarid areas.     

国内外城市环境地质工作进展

城市化是世界各国发展的共同趋势，是人类文明和进步的标志。论文简述了国内外城市环境地质工作的历史发展，着重论述了城市地质工作的内容，指出我国城市环境地质中存在的问题。如地面沉降、地裂缝、岩溶塌陷等地质灾害及水资源短缺、城市废弃物处置以及特殊岩土环境问题。为了提高城市规划和确保城市可持续发展，仅从以下5个方面提出了我国城市地质工作的方向：(1)城市地质环境条件、地质资源综合调查评价；(2)城市主要环境地质问题调查；(3)城市群、城市密集区环境地质适宜性综合评价；(4)城市环境地质综合研究；(5)城市环境地质信息系统建设。     

高密度极化率测量方法的应用效果

以前往往利用电阻率参数进行工程地质、环境地质的高密度电法勘探。找水、找矿仅仅利用电阻率参数还不够,同时利用极化率参数效果更好。但是,测量极化率参数时遇到了供电电极的极化问题。我们利用新的软件和硬件自动跟踪补偿自然电位,利用软件滤波和硬件滤波技术抑制市电和天然场的干扰,采用多次叠加和相关检测技术提高信噪比,硬件合理布局降低噪音,还采取屏蔽措施减小干扰,大大提高了仪器的抗干扰能力和测量精度。仅利用不锈钢金属电极就可以进行高密度电阻率测量,同时在不改变硬件状态的情况下通过软件控制就可以进行高密度极化率测量,为充分利用高密度电法技术找矿、找水提供了有利条件。因此,高密度电阻率法和高密度极化率法在工程地质和环境地质勘探中取得了很好的应用效果,在矿产地质和水文地质勘探中也取得明显的勘探效果。     

论环境地质工作

本文阐述了资源与环境在可持续发展中的作用,指出了资源与环境间互相关联、互相影响的关系,说明了地质作用是资源与环境形成的源泉,从而论证了地质学是可持续发展的重要组成部分。文中详细论述了地质环境与环境地质的内涵,探索了地质环境的自然属性与社会属性,并进而讨论了环境地质学科的分类,文章用“以地质环境为实,以环境地质求真”来反映地质环境与环境地质之间的关系。本文还详细叙述了环境地质工作与地质环境行政管理工作的内涵及其相互之间的关系,指出了地质环境是环境地质工作的对象,环境地质学科是环境地质工作的理论基础。环境地质工作内涵广泛,是一项系统工程,而地质环境行政管理则是一项以环境地质工作为基础、社会公共服务为主体的行政管理工作。文章还提出了做好环境地质工作应给予组织上的保证。     

三峡工程地质勘察研究的理论与实践

举世瞩目的三峡工程目前已进入关键的建没阶段。本文从区域稳定与地震危险性、水库区工程地质与环境地质、水库诱发地震、坝址及建筑物工程地质以及天然建筑材料等五个方面论述三峡工程长期以来所进行的工程地质勘察研究工作,并着重对三峡工程区的地质地震问题作了较为详细的探讨。最后对这一巨型工程的地质勘察工作进行了经验总结。     

Controls on As, Pb, and Mn distribution in community soils of an historical mining district, southwestern Colorado

 Rico, Colorado is a small mountain community that was developed before the turn of the century around and near underground lead-zinc-silver mines. Today, US regulatory concerns in such communities focus on the metal content, particularly of lead, in community soils. This study integrates bedrock geology, surficial geology, mineralogy and geochemistry in order to define the controls on metal distribution in Rico community soils. The principal constituents of concern are As, Pb, and Mn. The results show that mining-related sources are discrete and localized whereas natural sources, including bedrock (mean Pb content of 3 500 ppm), colluvium (mean Pb content of 1 410 ppm), and older alluvium (mean Pb content of 744 ppm) are wider spread and are the principal sources of metals in Rico community soils. Historical mining sites like Rico should be expected to have significant surficial expressions of mineralized bedrock. In these communities, it is important to accurately define the role of all metal sources as a foundation for determining environmental liabilities, cleanup guidelines, and health risk assessments. The application of geology and mineralogy in support of geochemical characterization is necessary to accurately define the origin and distribution of both anthropogenic and natural metal sources at such sites. Received: 27 December 1996 · Accepted: 21 February 1997     

Tertiary education requirements in the geosciences for the minerals industry and in the environmental field to meet the demands of the 21st century in South Africa

South and southern Africa are currently facing a major skills shortage in the applied earth sciences, particularly in the minerals industry and in the environmental field. This paper offers outlines of course curricula, developed in South Africa, which are designed to meet these needs.It is argued that insufficient time is devoted to applied geology in degree courses in South Africa and that appropriate specialisations should be introduced into the third and fourth years of Earth Science degrees. More detailed specialisation should be offered at master's level. Examples of such courses currently run in South Africa are cited.The important contribution of the earth sciences to contemporary environmental issues is stressed and the need for environmental geologists emphasised. It is argued that the huge amount of information essential to environmental geology requires postgraduate level teaching of this subject. An example of such a master's level course is taken from a course planned at the University of the Witwatersrand.Courses similar to those being developed in southern Africa need to be developed in other African regions.     

生态环境地质学——21世纪新兴的地球学科

环境地质学研究人为地质活动所引起的灾害,地质环境学研究自然环境对人类的影响,两者是完全不同的学科。生态环境地质学应用生物学、环境学和地质学的原理和知识,解决由于人类利用和开发自然环境而引起的问题。生态环境地质学牵涉到分类学、生态学、生物化学、环境化学、沉积学、第四纪地质学和地球化学的研究,涉及到由于人为的地质作用而引起的元素重新迁移、重新富集和重新沉积的过程,对于生命和人类的健康是非常重要的,还涉及到国家和地区经济的可持续发展。生态环境地质学的研究包括下列内容：(1)生态环境地质可容负荷研究;(2)监测研究;(3)预警研究;(4)修复研究;(5)实验研究;(6)虚拟研究。     

论城市规划和可持续发展的地学环境

城市地学环境主要涉及城市及其周边地区的地壳和地表运动,水环境、地质和地理环境、气象条件等方面及其相应的灾害潜在性的研究、防护,其中也包括了人类活动对地学环境的影响,其范围和深度主要取决于在人类活动中直接和间接移动地球物质的量。强调了在特大城市的可持续发展中,要注意防止和减少其对地学灾害的脆弱性,并指出对其地学环境保护和管理的重要意义。     

精细地质初议

通过对经济建设、资源勘探、环境保护和地学发展的需求分析,提出了进行精细地质研究的必要性,诠释了精细地质的概念及其技术体系。认为精细地质是以先进的技术方法和高灵敏度的测量仪器,对地质体进行精确细致的研究,形成先进、精确、实用的成果,达到提高地学科研与调查水平,高效服务经济建设的目的。精细地质的技术体系包括遥感、物探、化探、钻探、同位素测年、空间定位技术、计算机技术等,通过空中地表地下全方位立体化的综合调查,完成对研究对象的精细研究。通过物探、遥感、同位素测年、化探等核心技术在国内外精细地质研究中的发展应用状况分析,以遥感技术为例,阐述了进行精细地质调查研究的可能性,展望了精细地质在矿产资源勘探、地学研究、环境保护、国防建设、地质灾害调查等领域的应用前景。     

我国工程地质现状与发展方向

本文回顾了我国工程地质及其分支学科的发展和现状,指出了我国工程地质工作中存在的主要问题以及今后的发展趋向。     

高精度热电离质谱(TIMS)铀系法洞穴沉积物(石笋)年龄的研究

用高精度热电离质谱技术测定石笋的年龄,初步建立了热电离质谱铀系年龄的方法。 4个样品的测定结果复现性较好,铀含量、同位素比值及年龄值与标准值吻合,数据的精度大大提高,显示了质谱铀系年龄方法具有样品量少、时间短、精度高的优点。