阿富汗艾娜克铜矿西矿区构造成矿特点

通过对阿富汗艾娜克铜矿矿区地质条件的研究,分析了矿区的构造特征。剖析了艾娜克复式背斜及其北翼1—3号次级背、向斜构造特征和4组断裂构造特征。探讨了矿区的主要构造活动(褶皱和断裂)对艾娜克铜矿控矿的影响。     

龙头山金矿构造控矿作用及找矿方向

龙头山金矿的主要矿体受火山机构构造、断裂构造和雏形断裂构造三种成矿构造控制。火山机构构造控制了产于火山与围岩的接触带部位的火山岩型金矿,该类金矿以Ⅸ号矿体最为典型,表现为矿体围绕火山机构引起的塌陷式断裂产出,矿体的形态和品位变化受火山机构构造发育程度的影响;断裂构造控制了产于泥盆系砂岩中的断裂裂隙充填型金矿,以Ⅰ号矿体最为典型,表现为矿体沿NW向断裂分布,其产状与断裂一致,向SE方向侧伏明显;雏形断裂控制了矿区南部含金富矿体的就位,表现为矿区花岗斑岩南部的富矿体沿近EW向断续展布。矿体的形成与定位都离不开这三种控矿构造,因此在靠近火山机构一定范围内,向SE方向的深部及在已知富矿体的东西两侧具有较好的找矿前景。     

福建泰宁何宝山金矿控矿构造特征及找矿方向

根据泰宁何宝山金矿区的控矿构造特征的综合分析,认为何宝山金矿区断裂构造发育,主要有近南北向、北东向、北西向3组。北东向的断裂为导矿构造,南北向断裂为控矿构造。控矿断裂为2组近南北向的断裂裂隙群,具有明显的剪性特征,控制了金矿化蚀变带及金矿体的空间展布。近东西向断裂构造为成矿后期的,对南北向的控矿断裂构造具有破坏作用。金矿化蚀变体产于断裂破碎带内,明显受断裂控制。而金矿化程度与蚀变强弱、断裂的规模、破碎程度有直接相关。结合地质类比法,通过构造分析法及矿区地质条件、矿化特征综合分析,认为矿区F3断裂及弧形的拐弯处、F2-4断裂深部为矿体产出有利部位,矿区北部在断裂构造收敛部位、帚状构造砥柱边缘为寻找矿体有利地段。     

综合电法在黄花国际机场后勤基地找水中的应用

以湖南黄花国际机场找水工作为例,介绍了在长平红层盆地中,如何利用物探方法勘探地下水.使用联合剖面法推断了北东向及东西向断裂构造,并且北东向断裂构造错断了东西向断裂构造;通过ρs变化率分析,推断出断裂构造的复合部位岩石破碎强烈,是地下水富集的理想地段;通过激发极化测深,推断了岩溶发育段的深度,并评价了富水性.在物探确定的异常点上,经钻探验证,涌水量达到2 000 m3/d以上.     

利用重、磁资料研究于都—赣县矿集区盘古山地区断裂构造及花岗岩体分布

盘古山地区是于都—赣县矿集区内一个重要的钨锡矿成矿区,研究区断裂构造和花岗岩体与成矿关系密切。利用重、磁资料研究盘古山地区断裂构造及花岗岩体分布,为深部找矿提供地球物理依据。利用重力异常归一化总水平导数垂向导数技术推断断裂构造平面位置;利用欧拉反褶积方法对重力异常垂向一阶导数进行反演计算,推断断裂构造平均深度;利用重磁异常垂向一阶导数技术推断花岗岩体平面位置;利用RGIS软件2.5D重磁剖面人机交互正反演技术推断花岗岩体断面位置,并用钻孔验证解释结果的正确性;利用RGIS软件3D重磁模型编辑模块展示花岗岩体空间位置。研究结果显示盘古山地区既有出露断裂,又有隐伏断裂,既有出露低密度、弱磁性花岗岩体,又有隐伏低密度、强磁性花岗岩体,花岗岩体分布受断裂构造控制,矿体分布受断裂构造和花岗岩体共同控制。     

云南楚雄红层盆地六苴砂岩铜矿区断裂的地质特征及其与成矿的关系

云南六苴铜矿区分布有六苴、凹地苴等典型砂（页）岩型铜矿床。在矿区大比例尺填图的基础上,运用构造成矿动力学的理论和方法,筛选典型断裂进行断裂面力学性质的鉴定,划分构造期次,总结构造体系,对区内不同期次、不同方向断裂的地质特征及其与成矿的关系进行了系统的阐述。认为矿区断裂的发育经历了早期近东西向挤压、晚期北东-南西向挤压和后期近南北向挤压的过程。早期近东西向主应力作用时期是铜富集成矿的重要时期,形成的近南北向压性断裂为成矿提供了有利的场所和必要的条件;晚期北西向压扭性断裂、北东向扭张性断裂促使矿体进一步富集;后期近东西向压扭性断裂开始破坏矿体。将矿体向全浅色砂岩一侧错动。     

云南宁蒗地区铜厂河铜矿构造控矿规律研究

宁蒗地区铜厂河铜矿主干控矿构造为SN向断裂体系，起着导矿、配矿、容矿的作用。矿区NWW向F1断裂为阻矿构造，铜矿化均产于其下盘（南盘）；NE向F2，F3断裂将本区分成三个不同矿化特征的矿段，其东、中矿段是寻找隐伏－半隐伏铜矿体的有利地段。由于构造活动的多期次和构造形变的分带性，矿区铜矿具显著的成矿多期、多阶段性和矿化体水平－垂直分带性规律。     

江西德兴斑岩铜矿田断裂分形研究

本文将分形几何学的原理和方法应用于江西德兴斑岩铜矿田三组断裂系统的二维平面分布特征研究,发现在研究的标度范围不人有统计自相似性,而且不同矿区了区域具有孙现的分维数Ｄ值,矿化岩体产出部位分维明显高于整个矿山分维值,ＮＥ向断裂体系分维值略高于ＷＮＷ向体系分维值,结合断裂产状,时代,穿切关系与岩体侵入部位对比可知,分维值越高,越有利于矿床形成,矿床规模也越大,其中ＮＥ向和ＷＮＷ向断裂体系起主控矿作用。     

安徽省休宁县葛坑地区地质特征与找矿前景分析

安徽省休宁县葛坑钼多金属矿区位于北东向景德镇-祁门断裂构造带的北东部与近东西向的障公山韧性剪切构造变形带的复合部位,尖岭庙—芳村复背斜东段的北翼。由数十条较均匀排列的、彼此平行的北东、北东东向韧性剪切带和脆性断裂组成,具多期活动特征;矿区发现的多处矿点受北东东向断裂控制。     

浙江金华金鸡岩金矿区构造应力场研究

为了在矿区内及外围进行有效的成矿预测,在深人地进行矿区地质研究的基础上,研究了成矿期及其前后的构造应力场的特征,并对成矿期的构造应力场进行了数学模拟,合理地解释了矿区内导矿与储矿的特殊构追部位,指明北东向的隐伏断裂是主要的隐伏金矿体的预测目标。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.