“第十三届全国稀土分析化学学术研讨会”征文通知

随着稀土应用、研究领域的不断拓展,稀土分析技术得到了快速发展,为进一步交流稀土分析及稀土分离、制备、应用等相关领域的工作经验,提高稀土研究和分析的学术水平,促进稀土元素分析方法及稀土应用技术更好地为我国市场经济建设服务,受中国稀土学会理化检验专业委员会委托中国科学院长春应用化学研究所于2011年7月25—27日在吉林省长春市主办第十三届全国稀土分析化学学术研讨会,会后赴长白山参     

稀土元素荧光分析法

对稀土元素荧光分析化学领域在１９６２－１９９６年间的进展作了全面的评述。展示了利用稀土离子的直接荧光，稀土－无机配体配合物的稀土离特征荧光、稀土配合物的配体荧光。稀土－有机配体二元配合物的稀土离子特征荧光，稀土－有机配体三元配合物的稀土离子特征荧光，稀土“共发光”体系的稀土离子特征荧光、表面活性剂存在条件下的稀土离子特征荧光以及β－环糊精增敏下的稀土离子特征荧光等稀土离子的溶液荧光进行了稀土离子荧     

我国稀土资源需求结构分析

战略性新兴产业的迅速发展,无论对中国还是对世界经济都具有全局带动和重大引领作用,而稀土当之无愧地成为战略性新兴产业的重要支柱性矿产之一。随着中国稀土产业的不断发展壮大以及政策宏观调控的作用,加之终端消费产业的需求拉动稀土消费,我国的稀土需求一直呈增长态势,而新兴领域的应用的不断开拓,使稀土资源需求结构也发生的很大变化,本文通过分析近年来稀土资源需求变化,为下一步稀土资源管理提出相关政策建议。     

稀土资源战略实施路径两种模式探讨

稀土元素因其丰富的光、电、磁、热特性被广泛应用于传统工业领域及新兴产业领域,稀土资源被多数国家认定为是战略性资源或关键性矿产资源。我国是稀土资源大国,无论从储量、产量还是消费量上来看我国都居于世界前列。从资源管理角度我国稀土资源战略定位可以概括为有效保护和合理利用稀土资源,保障资源供应安全;坚持国家利益最大化,优先满足国内应用需求;节约集约利用资源,在开发利用的同时保护生态环境。本文初步探讨了以计划为基础和以市场为导向的两种实现稀土资源战略的实施路径,并就此提出稀土产业发展的相关建议     

杂志

作为世界上稀土储量最丰富的国家，中国本应有先天优势。1992年，邓小平南方谈话中，那句被媒体高频引用的“中东有石油，中国有稀土”为此做了最好的注脚。但是，中国却始终行走在稀土产业链的中上游微利领域，在高端技术领域的成果乏善可陈，专利技术往往受制于人。与之相对的是，长期以来，发达国家通过购买中国的廉价稀土，建立起了“深藏不露”的战略储备体系，同时，牢牢掌握着稀土关键技术领域的主导权，直到今日。     

世界稀土产业格局变化与中国稀土产业面临的问题

稀土元素在永磁材料等新材料领域有着广泛的应用,被世界各主要国家列为战略资源.从资源、生产格局上看,近年来随着世界范围内稀土探矿热潮的出现以及中国稀土资源的大量开发,中国稀土资源优势地位正逐渐降低;美国等西方国家大力推动中国之外稀土矿山和冶炼分离项目的建设,全球稀土生产格局或将发生变化.从消费方面看,稀土消费可被归为永磁...     

稀土元素的生物毒害性研究进展

稀土由于具有独特的物理化学性质,被广泛地应用于电子、冶金、机械、石油化工等多个领域。随着其应用范围的不断扩大,稀土元素不可避免地进入环境,并可能通过食物链、呼吸、皮肤接触等多种途径对人类健康产生威胁。因此,研究稀土元素的生物毒害性有利于增强对稀土元素的全面认识,对评估稀土环境风险具有重要意义。本文综述了近年来稀土元素的生物毒害性研究进展,主要包括:稀土元素对植物、动物和人体的生物毒害效应及其机制;稀土元素的不同暴露方式及其健康影响;稀土元素的安全临界剂量研究进展。当前由于人们对稀土元素的生物毒害效应认识不足,因此,未来应加强对稀土不同暴露方式下的人体健康效应的关注。尤其需要注意在离子吸附型稀土矿大面积出露的华南地区,自然区的暴露作用不容忽视,特别要警惕人群的摄食量和与稀土元素可能有关的病症;基于现有对稀土暴露方式的认识,优化作业流程并加强管理,减少甚至切断相关稀土暴露源;加快建立并推行稀土安全临界剂量标准,为稀土污染评价和环境治理提供参考。     

国内地质样中痕量稀土发射光谱分析进展

近年来,我国地质样中痕量稀土发射光谱分析有了较大进展,成为稀土分析化学中最活跃的领域之一。这里,作者仅就手头掌握的部分文献,对此进展作一评述。     

漫談稀土

一什么是稀土? 有这样一些金屬,近些年来它們在鋼鉄冶金上、在特殊合金里的作用逐渐地重要起來,应用在军事工业上,应用在原子技术上,它们的应用范围越来越广泛了。虽然有某些领域目前对于它们的使用还是试探性质的,但它们的特种作用,使得对于它们的利用存在着很大的可能。这些金屬就是我们所要谈的稀土。所謂稀土是指稀土元素而言的;因为这些元素都是金属性质的,所以又叫做稀土金屬。     

序言

<正>稀土是我国优势矿产资源,是工业“维生素”,被誉为人类的“希望之土”。其中,重稀土在尖端军事、航空航天和高新科技领域具有无可替代的作用,是世界各工业强国公认的关键金属矿产。目前,全球中、重稀土主要来源于我国南方的离子吸附型稀土矿床,该类型稀土矿主要赋存于燕山期花岗岩风化壳中,具有分布广、储量大、埋藏浅、开采成本低等特点,保障了90%以上中、重稀土国际市场的供给。但风化壳中以吸附态存在的稀土离子极不稳定,一方面原地铵法浸矿会导致矿区内稀土和铵离子的大量泄露;另一方面,稀土高丰度区内因大型基建及挖掘导致风化壳破坏,稀土离子受酸雨等影响活化失稳。以上两方面均使稀土离子极易扩散进入周边环境,造成污染,     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861