鲁西地区中生代碳酸岩类的微量元素和锶、钕同位素组成特征

对鲁西地区早白垩纪的碳酸岩岩体的稀土、微量元素和同位素组成的研究表明 ,鲁西碳酸岩不同于任何沉积成因的灰岩和变质成因的大理岩 ,而与世界典型的幔源碳酸岩具有相似的稀土元素组成 ,说明其为幔源成因 ,碳酸岩极度富集轻稀土元素。鲁西碳酸岩的锶、钕同位素组成表明其地幔源区为具有EMI和EMII端元混合特征的富集地幔。     

The Skaergaard Layered Series, Part VII: Sr and Nd Isotopes

The initial isotopic ratios of strontium and neodymium in theSkaergaard Layered Series vary both vertically and laterally,on every scale from the intrusion as a whole down to coexistingminerals in a single rock. The magma that filled the Skaergaardchamber was contaminated to various degrees with the metamorphicrocks through which it rose and was never completely homogenizedafter being intruded. The contamination was most pronouncedin contact zones and aureoles around rare xenoliths. The greaterconcentrations of lithophile trace elements in the Upper BorderSeries was previously attributed to assimilation of buoyantfragments of gneiss that collected under the roof, but mostof the rocks of the Upper Border Series are isotopically indistinguishablefrom those of the Layered Series. It is doubtful, therefore,that this part of the intrusion assimilated much more of themetamorphic basement than did the rest of the magma. Similarly,the marked increase in the concentrations of excluded elementsin the upper part of the Layered Series is not matched by achange in the isotopic character of the rocks and cannot beattributed to a later influx of new magma. Analyses of mineralsseparated from rocks with exceptionally mafic or felsic modalcompositions revealed marked inhomogeneities in the isotopiccompositions of their constituent minerals. For example, coexistingplagioclase and pyroxene from closely associated anorthositesand pyroxenites have very different initial isotopic ratiosof both strontium and neodymium. The same is true of mafic andfelsic layers in modally graded gabbros. These differences areunrelated to the low-temperature alteration shown by oxygenisotopes. They must have been introduced when the original gabbrowas largely crystallized and underwent local metasomatic replacementby nearly mono-mineralic mafic and felsic assemblages. KEY WORDS: Nd isotopes; Skaergaard; Sr isotopes     

Sr, Nd, Pb and O Isotopes of Minettes from Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica: a Case of Mantle Metasomatism involving Subducted Continental Material

Numerous minette dykes intersect the Precambrian crystallinebasement of Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica. This study presentsnew Sr, Nd, Pb and O isotope data for 11 minette samples fromfour different dykes. The samples are characterized by relativelyhigh ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (0·7077–0·7134), ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb(15·45–15·55) and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (37·8–39·8),combined with low ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd (     

Nd, Pb and Sr Isotopic Compositions of East African Carbonatites: Evidence for Mantle Mixing and Plume Inhomogeneity

New Pb isotopic data are presented for 10 young Mesozoic toCenozoic (0–116 Ma) carbonatites from a 1400 km long segmentof the East African Rift. Patterns observed in Pb vs Pb, Srvs Pb and Nd vs Pb isotope diagrams define unusual, nearly linear,trends that are interpreted as mixing between two componentsthat are broadly similar to the two mantle end-member components,HIMU and EM1, which were first recognized from ocean-islandbasalts. The two plutons with isotope signatures closest toHIMU and EM1 crop out within 140 km of each other. From thesedata, EM1 and HIMU are now known to occur in both continentaland oceanic settings that are associated with plumes or rifts.Moreover, these isotopic signatures tend to occur in regionswhere seismic tomography indicates prominent low-velocity zonesin the lower mantle. For these reasons, we favour a model forthe origin of the East African Rift carbonatites that involvesmelting and mixing of HIMU and EM1 components contained withinan isotopically heterogeneous mantle plume. We consider theHIMU and EM1 sources to be stored within the deep (lower 1000km) mantle, possibly the core–mantle boundary. The rolethat continental lithosphere plays in carbonatite generationis probably one of concentrating volatiles at the upper levelsof an ascending mantle plume. KEY WORDS: carbonatites; isotopes; rifts; plumes; FOZO     

湖南塔山、阳明山花岗岩的岩石成因：来自锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学及Sr-Nd同位素证据

湖南塔山、阳明山岩体位于扬子地块和华夏地块的结合部位,主要由不同粒度的斑状二长花岗岩构成,其中塔山岩体的粗中粒、中细粒、中粒斑状二长花岗岩的锆石La-ICP-MS定年结果分别为221.3±0.9Ma、221.5±1.9Ma、213.4±1.1Ma,阳明山中细粒斑状二长花岗岩的年龄为213.7±1.0Ma,均属印支晚期花岗岩。花岗岩富SiO_2(70.43%~74.06%)、Al_2O_3(13.25%~15.37%)、高A/CNK(1.03~1.24)、高分异指数DI(85.25~93.0)、富集Rb、Th、U、Ta,亏损Ba、Sr、Nb、Ti,具明显的负Eu异常(δEu=0.15~0.45),为高分异的过铝花岗岩。高(~(86)Sr/~(87)Sr)_i(0.72993~0.77391)、低ε_(Nd)(t)(-9.9~-12.11)、Nd的t_(DM2)(1801~1978Ma)较大等特征,表明塔山、阳明山花岗岩为壳源S型花岗岩。结合其形成年龄和区域构造背景,认为塔山、阳明山岩体是在印支运动晚期挤压作用向伸展作用转换形成的局部伸展-减薄的机制下,由加厚地壳中的中元古代变质砂屑岩、变质泥岩部分熔融形成,并经历了分离结晶作用。年龄为3523Ma的继承锆石核显示本区可能存在古太古代的古老基底。     

华北克拉通火成碳酸岩时空分布和锶钕同位素特征及其地质意义

已有的研究得出：华北克拉通火成碳酸岩在时间上主要形成于古元代末—中元古代初、早中生代和晚中生代3个时段,反映了华北克拉通演化历史上3个拉张阶段。在空间上,前两个拉张阶段形成的火成碳酸岩分布在华北克拉通的北缘和南缘;后一个拉张阶段形成的火成碳酸岩分布在克拉通的中部和东部。华北克拉通火成碳酸岩的钕同位素主要特征是εNd(t )全为负值,而且随时间由老到新负值趋于降低。在εNd(t )-I Sr图解上,其投影点都落到了第3和第4象限,除莱芜—淄博地区火成碳酸岩外,其它都在富集地幔演化线附近,而且从老到新富集程度越来越高。推测华北克拉通火成碳酸岩形成的深部动力学机制可能是：在热地幔柱活动或周边板块向华北板块俯冲之后华北克拉通构造环境转变为伸展拉张环境,因压力减小而引起地幔部分熔融形成的碱性基性—超基性岩浆或碱性中性岩浆沿区域深断裂上侵,又经分异作用冷凝结晶形成杂岩体,火成碳酸岩是这些碱性岩浆演化晚阶段的主要产物。部分火成碳酸岩可能是从上地幔低程度部分熔融形成的碳酸岩浆直接上侵冷凝结晶而成。     

Sr,Nd,Pb Isotope Geochemistry and Magma Evolution of the Potassic Volcanic Rocks,Wudalianchi,Northeast China

Wudalianchi volcanic rocks are the most typical Cenozoic potassic volcanic rocks in easten China.Compositional comparisons between whole rocks and glasses of various occurrences indicate that the magma tends to become rich in silica and alkalis as a result of crystal differentiation in the course of evolu-tion.They are unique in isotopic composition with more radiogenic Sr but less radiogenic Pb.^87Sr/^86Sr is higher and ^143Nd/^144Nd is lower than the undifferentiated global values.In comparison to continental pot-ash volcanic rocks,Pb isotopes are apparently lower.These various threads of evidence indicate that the rocks were derived from a primary enriched mantle which had not been subjected to reworking and shows no sign of incorporation of crustal material.The correlation between Pb and Sr suggests the regional heterogeneity in the upper mantle in terms of chemical composition.     

幔源岩类中的稀有气体同位素与Sr、Nd、Pb同位素研究进展

对稀有气体同位素与Sr、Nd、Pb同位素的结合研究做了综述。两类示踪体系在研究幔源岩时的结合，可以得到互相印证的结果，互相补充不足，并有利于探索岩石成因，进一步认识地幔结构、地幔物质组成、运穆和壳幔之间的相互作用；地幔第五端员(FOZO/C/PHEM)的提出是二结合研究的重要成果之一。这种研究方法还有待于进一步补充、完善和发展。     

沾化凹陷新近系沉积物的C、O、Sr、Nd同位素组成变化对古环境变迁的记录

沾化凹陷新近系馆陶组(Ng)广泛发育了一陆相螺化石层.来自螺化石层上下沉积层位的馆陶组和明化镇组(Nm)泥灰岩的C、O、Sr、Nd同位素的分析结果显示,螺化石层所在Ng4段泥灰岩具有比其上下部泥灰岩较低的δ13C值和较高的δ18O值,而螺化石埋藏层位的泥灰岩具有相对较低的δ13C和87Sr/86Sr值以及相对较高的δ18O值.143Nd/144Nd比值在剖面上的变化不明显,反映Ng、Nm沉积时期凹陷具有稳定的物源区;而C、O、Sr同位素组成的系统变化则指示了古沉积环境的变化.其中Ng4段沉积时期气候相对干热,Ng3、Nm1 2段沉积时期气候相对湿热;螺化石层泥灰岩所表现出的低87Sr/86Sr值和螺化石壳体相对高的δ13C和δ18O值可能代表了区域上一次重要的气候干热化事件,该时期大气降水明显减少,湖泊蒸发量较大,使得盆地的水体盐度增加,水体中87Sr/86Sr降低和δ18O值增加,同时水体营养生物和河流输入的营养物质减少,致使田螺最终死亡.随后环境气候相对湿热,生物生产力提高和碎屑物质供应的增加使得87Sr/86Sr值和δ13C值增加,大气降水补给导致沉积介质的δ18O值降低.     

河北矾山钾质碱性超镁铁岩—正长岩杂岩体Sm—Nd年龄和Sr、Nd同位素特征

河北矾山侵入杂岩,由层状钾质超镁铁岩--正长岩组成,已知它含有大型磁铁矿磷灰石矿床.现在已测定了岩体的岩石和矿物的Sm-Nd同位素资料,并获得了杂岩体的Sm-Nd同位素年龄.4个矿物样品和2个全岩样品Sm-Nd等时线年龄为243.4±9.7Ma,INd=0.512045,εNd(t)=-5.4;4个矿物样品和7个全岩样品等时线年龄为239±19Ma,INd=0.512055,εNd(t)=-5.3.这些年龄资料表明,矾山岩体可能侵位于早三叠.而矾山岩体的Rb-Sr等时线年龄为218±8Ma,Isr=0.70554,εsr=18.4的事实可能暗示矾山岩体在中三叠才完全固结并达到Rb-Sr体系封闭的温度.上述矾山岩体的Sr、Nd同位素特征表明,矾山岩体的物质源自富集的上地幔.     

A Study of Sr, Nd and O Isotopes of the K-rich Melanocratic Dykes in the Late Mesozoic Gold Field in the Jiaodong Peninsula

Geologic, petrographic and petrochemical studies of the late Mesozoic K-rich melanocratic dykes, including lamprophyres, andesite porphyrites and dacite-porphyry in the gold field system in the Jiaodong Peninsula, China, have shown that these dykes are characterized by rich potassium and alkali but poor titanium. They belong to an ultra-high potassic, shoshonitic and high potassic calc-alkaline rock series. The parental magma has relatively high initial strontium ratios ((87Sr/86Sr)i=0.70895-0.71140) and low (143Nd/144Nd)i ratios (varying from 0.51135 to 0.51231); and its δ18OSMow. whole rock values vary from +5.8‰ to +10.6‰ with a mean of+7.1‰. These features suggest that the source region of the magma is an enriched mantle wedge transformed from a continental lithosphere mantle which has experienced metasomatism by mantle-derived fluids with H2O-dominated fluids that were provided during the underthrusting of an ocean crust. The initial magma was generated by low-degree partial melting of the enri     

Transition from calc-alkaline to potassium-rich magmatism in subduction environments: geochemical and Sr, Nd, Pb isotopic constraints from the island of Vulcano (Aeolian arc)

The problem of mantle metasomatism vs. crustal contamination in the genesis of arc magmas with different potassium contents has been investigated using new trace element and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic data on the island of Vulcano, Aeolian arc. The analysed rocks range in age from 120 ka to the present day, and cover a compositional range from basalt to rhyolite of the high-K calc-alkaline (HKCA) to shoshonitic (SHO) and potassic (KS) series. Older Vulcano products (>30 ka) consist of HKCA–SHO rocks with SiO₂=48–56%. They show lower contents of K₂O, Rb and of several other incompatible trace element abundances and ratios than younger rocks with comparable degree of evolution. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ranges from 0.70417 to 0.70504 and increases with decreasing MgO and compatible element contents. ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios display significant variations (19.31 to 19.76) and are positively correlated with MgO, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd (0.512532–0.512768), ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (15.66–15.71) and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (39.21–39.49). Overall, geochemical and isotopic data suggest that the evolution of the older series was dominated by assimilation–fractional crystallisation (AFC) with an important role for continuous mixing with mafic liquids. Magmas erupted within the last 30 ka consist mostly of SHO and KS intermediate and acid rocks, with minor mafic products. Except for a few acid rocks, they display moderate isotopic variations (e.g. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr=0.70457–0.70484; ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=19.28–19.55, but ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=15.66–15.82), which suggest an evolution by fractional crystallisation, or in some cases by mixing, with little interaction with crustal material. The higher Sr isotopic ratios (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr=0.70494–0.70587) of a few, low-volume, intermediate to acid rocks support differentiation by AFC at shallow depths for some magma batches. New radiogenic isotope data on the Aeolian islands of Alicudi and Stromboli, as well as new data for lamproites from central Italy, are also reported in order to discuss along-arc compositional variations and to evaluate the role of mantle metasomatism. Geochemical and petrological data demonstrate that the younger K-rich mafic magmas from Vulcano cannot be related to the older HKCA and SHO ones by intra-crustal evolutionary processes and point to a derivation from different mantle sources. The data from Alicudi and Stromboli suggest that, even though interaction between magma and wall rocks of the Calabrian basement during shallow level magma evolution was an important process locally, a similar interpretation can be extended to the entire Aeolian arc. Received: 27 September 1999 / Accepted: 24 May 2000     

Chemical and isotopic (C, O, Sr, Nd) characteristics of the Xiluvo carbonatite (central-western Mozambique)

Summary The Xiluvo complex of central Mozambique is made up of coarse- to fine-grained calciocarbonatites (sövites and alvikites), heavily altered lamprophyres and syenitic rocks that intruded the Precambrian basement ca. 120Ma ago. The carbonatites have fractionated rare earth element patterns (chondrite-normalized La/Yb=30–80) and markedly negative Rb, K, P, Zr and Ti anomalies in mantle-normalized incompatible element diagrams. The ¹⁸O (+7 to +8), ¹³C (–5), and the age-corrected ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (0.7032–0.7033) and ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd (0.51263–0.51262) indicate an origin in the mantle. A few carbonatitic samples have higher ¹⁸O (+13), indicating interaction with high-¹⁸O crust or late-stage fluids. The chemical and isotopic compositions of the Xiluvo carbonatites and nearby carbonatites of similar age in Malawi indicate very similar sources, characterized by time-integrated depletion of Rb with respect to Sr and of Sm with respect to Nd. These characteristics point to a source similar in many respects to those of other East African carbonatites and to those of some ocean island basalts, with the additional influx of components possibly located in the African lithospheric mantle.     

Variable Impact of the Subducted Slab on Aleutian Island Arc Magma Sources: Evidence from Sr, Nd, Pb, and Hf Isotopes and Trace Element Abundances

Major and trace element compositions and Sr, Nd, Pb, and Hfisotope ratios of Aleutian island arc lavas from Kanaga, Roundhead,Seguam, and Shishaldin volcanoes provide constraints on thecomposition and origin of the material transferred from thesubducted slab to the mantle wedge. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating indicatesthat the lavas erupted mainly during the last     

Rare earth elements, yttrium and H, O, C, Sr, Nd and Pb isotope studies in mineral waters and corresponding rocks from NW-Bohemia, Czech Republic

The sparkling waters from the area of Kyselka near Karlovy Vary at the western slope of the Doupovske hory, Bohemia (Czech Republic), and CO₂-poor waters from two underground boreholes at Jachymov, Krusne hory, Bohemia, have been studied with the aim of characterizing the distribution of rare earth elements, yttrium, and H, O, C, Sr, Nd, Pb isotopes during the low-temperature alteration processes of the host rocks. Additionally, leaching experiments were performed at pH 3 on the granitic and basaltic host rocks from Kyselka and the granite of Jachymov. All REE patterns of the granite- and the basalt-derived waters from the Kyselka area are different from those of their source rocks and the leachates of the latter. This elucidates the inhomogeneous distribution of REE and Y among the solid phases in the altered magmatic rocks. The Eu and Ce anomalies in granite-derived waters are inherited, the Y anomaly is achieved by fluid migration. Yttrium is always preferentially leached by mineral waters, whereas Y/Ho ratios of rocks and their leachates are very similar. The REE abundances in waters from the wells in Jachymov are derived from rocks intensely leached and depleted in easily soluble REE-bearing minerals, whereas the granites and basalts from Kyselka still contain soluble, REE-bearing minerals. A comparison of REE/Ca patterns of the experimental leachates with those of the mineral waters elucidate the high retention of REE in rocks during water–rock interaction. In strongly altered rocks Sr isotope ratios of mineral waters and rocks differ widely, whereas the corresponding Nd isotope ratios are very similar. ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁸Pb, ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁸Pb and ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb ratios in mineral waters are independent from U/Th ratios in the rocks. ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁸Pb and ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb are lower in mineral waters than in their source rocks and their leachates, which indicates that Pb is primarily derived from solid phases that do not contain significant contents of leachable U and Th. Thus, mineral waters, although CO₂ rich, only interact with surface films on minerals and not with the bulk of the minerals as in the leaching experiments.Calculation of mixing ratios of waters from the granitic and basaltic sources of the waters from the Kyselka area yield about 40% of water from the underlying granite in water recovered from the basalt, whereas the granite-derived water is mixed with only about 5% of the water from the basalt.     

Nd, Sr and O Isotopic Study on Spilite-Keratophyre in Xiqiu,,Zhejiang Province, China

Nd, Sr and O isotopic study on the spilite-keratophyre sequence in Xiqiu shows that its ∈_(Nd) values are inthe range of 4.02-5.26, and its ∈_(Sr) values, +1.4-2.6. According to the points of these data in the ∈_(Nd)-T,∈_(Sr)-T and ∈_(Nd)-∈_(Sr) diagrams, the spilite-keratophyre is interpreted as being slightly contaminated by crustalmaterials. Its δ~(18)O values are 3.9-5.0‰. The depletion of ~(18)O in the rocks resulted from the influence ofseawater hydrothermal alteration during or soon after the rock formation. Based on the isotopic characteristicsand available geochemical data, it is believed that the spilite-keratophyre was formed in the well-developedisland-arc environment during the Late Proterozoic subduction of the palaeo-Pacific plate beneath thesoutheastern margin of the Yangtze massif.     

Pogranichnoe Au-Bi occurrence, Eastern Sayan: Composition and link to magmatism

The Pogranichnoe ore occurrence of gold-bismuth type is closely related to Ordovician granitic rocks pertaining to the Sarkhoi granodiorite-granite complex of calc-alkaline series. This type of mineralization in the Eastern Sayan is described for the first time. The orebodies are represented by quartz veins and veinlets with greisenized granite as selvages. Three mineral assemblages consecutively follow one another: (1) pyrite-arsenopyrite, (2) base-metal with fahlore and Sb sulfosalts, and (3) gold-bismuth. The geological position of orebodies and character of microinclusions in accessory minerals of granites suggest that goldbismuth mineralization is related to granitoids.     

Mantle Dynamics: A Nd, Sr, Pb and O Isotopic Study of the Cameroon Line Volcanic Chain

The Cameroon line comprises a 1600-km long Y-shaped chain of< 30 m.y. old volcanoes and <70 m.y. old plutons extendinginto mainland Africa from the Atlantic island of Pagalu. Thedistribution of basaltic volcanic centres is ideal for comparingsub-continental and sub-oceanic sources for basalts and forstudying the influence of the lithosphere on magma generation.We report Nd, Sr, Pb and O isotopic data for more than thirty(principally basaltic) samples from all the main volcanic centrestogether with data for two granulite facies xenoliths. Thosebasalts which display no obvious evidence of crustal contaminationyield initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios ranging from 0.7029 to 0.7035,Nd between +2 and +7 and ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb between 19?0 and 20?6.The Nd and Sr isotopic compositions define a field on the lefthand side of the ‘mantle array’ (that is with relativelyunradiogenic Sr) and include some data which show overlap withcompositions observed for St. Helena. ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios extendto 40?4—amongst the more radiogenic observed for alkalibasalts. The Nd and Sr isotopic data are similar in oceanicand continental sectors indicating that the magmas are derivedfrom generally similar mantle sources. Despite this overallsimple picture, the source of the Cameroon line volcanics hasin fact been variable in both time and space. Pb is less radiogenicand Sr is more radiogenic in transitional to hypersthene-normativecompositions. There is a progression to more radiogenic leadisotopic compositions with time for the Cameroon line as a wholethat is most strikingly displayed in the 30 m.y. eruptive historyof Principe. These space-time data are difficult to reconcilewith conventional plume models or with some dispersed ‘plumpudding’ models. The heterogeneities require isolationtimes considerably longer than the age of the south Atlanticsea floor (120 Ma). The eruptive lavas with the most radiogenicPb observed (accompanied by unradiogenic Nd) precisely straddlethe continental edge (i.e. occur in both oceanic and continentalsectors) with no dependency on Nd and Pb concentrations. A modelis proposed which links these observations with the destructionof lithosphere, and the impregnation of the uppermost mantleby the St. Helena hot spot during the formation of the SouthAtlantic ocean. This mantle was subsequently melted to formthe Cameroon line which appears to be derived from a risinghot zone initiated by the early plume activity. The magmaticproducts reflect the mantle mixing that took place during continentalbreakup, the consequent cooling and thickening of the lithosphereand the continued interaction between rising plume componentsand this lithosphere. The depth from which magmas are currentlybeing tapped at the continent/ocean boundary is estimated atless that 150 km.