“矢量调制信号校准技术研究”填补国内空白

近日,由航天科工二院203所负责的“矢量调制信号校准技术研究”项目通过验收鉴定,其研制的标准矢量调制信号发生器解决了矢量调制信号量值溯源问题,填补了此项技术的国内空白。该项目还获得了2010年国防科技进步三等奖,申请了两项国家发明专利。     

基于非周期伪随机序列的可控震源信号调制技术

从便于寻优的角度出发,给出了三元非周期伪随机序列的一种定义,提出了基于非周期伪随机序列的可控震源信号调制方法。该方法与二元m[CD*2]序列调制方法相比,不存在地震数据资源的浪费问题。三元非周期伪随机序列通常比相同长度的二元非周期伪随机序列具有更小的边峰主峰比。地震数值模拟结果表明,将具有较小边峰主峰比的三元非周期伪随机序列调制生成的信号作为地震勘探中可控震源的发射信号,其地震响应剖面的相关噪声要比相同长度的二元非周期伪随机序列调制情形有明显的减弱。     

基于小波变换的探地雷达弱信号增强

弱信号增强处理是探地雷达数据处理中的一个重要环节,而且是探地雷达数据处理难以解决的问题.弱信号在两方面使其不易于直接从探测剖面上识别出来:一是本身信号强度小且受到随机噪声的干扰; 二是存在浅部强信号的明显反差,视图上难以识别.本文根据小波变换的特征提出一种信号增强方法,即多尺度小波变换信号增强法.从理论上分析该方法增强深部弱信号强度及提高弱信号可识别能力的基本原理, 并通过实例应用说明方法的实用效果.     

复杂储集层高分辨伯格方法及应用研究

复杂储集层问题属地震勘探中难题．由于受地震信号频带及子波等因素的影响．往往难对其以分辨和识别，用最大熵伯格算法．在频率域对有效地震信号进行谱外推和谱整形从而达到实现时间域分辨率的目的，而不同于传统的伯格反褶积方法也无需提取子波，实例证明该方法对提高分辨率识别薄层有较好的效果。     

水文缆道信号传输的研究

利用缆道回路传递流速，水面、河底、采样等多信号问题，至今尚未彻底解决，严重影响了我国水文缆道测验技术的发展，根据近期研制的全自动水文缆道测流系统和近20多年的缆道测验实践，提出了缆道的交流等效概念和多信号的产生与传输以及实施方案。     

井中磁测资料预处理与弱信号识别

井中磁测仪器距离场源近,磁测资料受到钻孔打穿磁性体产生的内磁场影响,往往存在强干扰压制有用信号,因此研究井中磁测资料预处理与弱信号识别方法具有重要意义。笔者将地面重磁资料边界识别中倾斜角总水平导数和解析信号振幅方法改进后应用于井中磁测资料预处理中,提出倾斜角垂向导数和均值归一解析信号振幅方法。通过模型分析证明了两种方法都可识别强弱不同的井旁磁性体位置,反映边界信息,且给出了计算均值归一解析信号振幅过程中窗口选择的依据。将两种方法应用于江苏某工区ZK002孔磁测资料预处理中,得出倾斜角垂向导数方法应用于实测资料中会放大干扰,而均值归一解析信号振幅方法增强了该钻孔弱异常信息,且压制了干扰信号,处理结果与磁化率测井和钻孔资料相对应。     

阵列声波测井信号的时频局域相关能量分析

提出了一种基于信号时、频局域相关能量的新的时-频信号分析方法——Rihaczek分布,对多极子阵列声波测井信号进行了分析。该方法有着比较明确的物理意义,对不同岩性、构造的响应具有很好的区分和识别能力。声波的Rihaczek分布对不同的岩性,以及由不同岩性组成的构造破碎带具有明显不同的表现特征。利用相应的模式识别方法,可以对这些岩性、构造进行有效的区分和识别。     

地质信号的频谱特征与实例

提出了对地质信号进行频谱特征分析的原理和方法：将地质领域中的周期性现象视为地质信号的反映，一个实际地质信号由若干个不同圆频率周期的地质信号叠加而成，而且受到复杂地质作用的干扰(视为嗓音)。采用频谱处理方法可以将实际地质信号分解成背景成分及若干个具圆频率周期的地质信号，并识别出其中的噪音成分。运用米兰科维奇理论和地质信号频谱特征分析原理和方法，对一实际密度测井资料进行处理和分析，表明频谱特征分析方法可以作为地质信号研究的一种手段。     

天然磁铁矿中方铁矿的调制结构及畴结构

用高分辨电子显微术研究了攀枝花磁铁矿的超微结构，选区电子衍射量显示有方铁矿共生，并且方铁矿中有调制结构，周期约为方铁矿晶胞的２．６倍，具有一维非公度特征。［００１］取向的结构象也清楚地显示该调制结构，磁铁矿还含有丰富的畴结构，畴界面分基面和非基面两类，有方铁矿与畴结构共生，对这些微结构的成因进行了讨论。     

基于多道信噪能量统计的微地震有效信号识别方法

在微地震监测中有效微地震信号的识别是关键步骤。常规的微地震有效信号识别方法基于单道长短时窗能量比,受噪音影响较大,对于信噪比较低的事件无法准确识别。利用多道记录数据之间的信号相关性好而信号与噪音相关性差的特点,通过记录道自相关求取总能量和相邻记录互相关求取信号能量,以有效信号能量所占比即含信能量比作为门槛值进行有效信号识别,信号识别过程中利用多道互相关对噪音进行了有效压制,提高了微地震信号识别的压噪能力,通过模型数据和实际资料处理验证了方法的有效性。     

Residual Exchange Flows in Subtropical Estuaries

Observations of residual exchange flows at the entrance to four subtropical estuaries, two of them semiarid, indicate that these flows are mainly tidally driven, as they compare favorably with theoretical patterns of tidal residual flows. In every estuary examined, the tidal behavior was that of a standing or near-standing wave, i.e., tidal elevation and tidal currents were nearly in quadrature. The pattern of exchange flow that persisted at every estuary exhibited inflow in the channel and outflow over the shoals. Curiously, but also fortuitously, this pattern coincides with the exchange pattern driven by density gradients in other estuaries. The tidal stresses and the residual elevation slopes should be the dominant mechanisms that drive such tidal residual pattern because the Stokes transport mechanism is negligible for standing or near-standing waves. Time series measurements from the semiarid estuaries showed fortnightly modulation of the residual flow by tidal forcing in such a way that the strongest net exchange flows developed with the largest tidal distortions, i.e., during spring tides. This modulation is opposite to the modulation that typically results in temperate estuaries, where the strongest net exchange flows tend to develop during neap tides. The fortnightly modulation on tidal residual currents could be inferred from previous theoretical results because residual currents arise from tidal distortions but is made explicit in this study. The findings advanced herein should allow the drawing of generalities about exchange flow patterns in subtropical estuaries where residual flows are mainly driven by tides.     

The inherent displacive flexibility of the hexacelsian tetrahedral framework and its relationship to polymorphism in Ba-hexacelsian

 The results of a rigid unit mode (RUM) analysis of the inherent displacive structural flexibility of the tetrahedral framework of the ideal hexacelsian structure type are presented. One of the three types of RUM found to exist is characterized by modulation wave vectors perpendicular to <110> and atomic displacement patterns involving tetrahedral rotation around the parent c axis while a second type of RUM is found to be soft at any modulation wave vector and to involve tetrahedral rotation about in-plane rotation axes. It is shown how a combination of these two types of RUM motion associated with the same q=1/2<1ˉ101>^* modulation wave vector enables the outstanding crystal chemical problems and apparently mutually contradictory results as regards polymorphism in Ba-hexacelsian to be resolved. Received: 30 December 1999 / Accepted: 16 May 2000     

Modulations in incommensurate (Ca1–xSrx)2MgSi2O7 single crystals

Single crystals of (Ca_1–xSr_x)₂MgSi₂O₇ slightly doped with 1000 ppm Mn²⁺ and with x ranging from 0.04 to 0.32 were grown from the melt in a mirror furnace applying the Czochalski technique. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed incommensurately modulated structures at room-temperature for all compositions in accordance with earlier studies by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Electron diffraction patterns clearly show satellite reflections typical for two-dimensional modulation, and their successive destabilization with increasing Sr content. The modulation is of tartan-like appearance. Beyond a Sr/(Sr+Ca) ratio of about 0.32 the synthesis of stable solid solution åkermanite type crystals was proved not to be feasible, indicating the existence of a miscibility gap in the Sr åkermanite system. As presumed from the diffuse scattering around the satellite reflections, and suggested more conclusively by crystallographic processing of high resolution EM images the Sr ions incorporated into the incommensurate crystal phase are distributed in an ordered fashion and are partly adapted to the displacive modulation of the pure åkermanite. This means, occupational modulation even makes a contribution to the overall modulation characteristics in (Ca_1–xSr_x)₂ MgSi₂O₇.     

Active longitudes and north-south asymmetry of the activity the Sun as manifestations of its relic magnetic field

The distributions of dominant magnetic polarities in synoptic maps of photospheric magnetic fields and their extrapolations to the corona based on Stanford Observatory data are studied. Both dipolar and quadrupolar magnetic patterns are detected in the distributions of dominant polarities in the near-equatorial region of the photosphere for activity cycles 21, 22, and 23. The field in these patterns often has opposite signs on opposite sides of the equator, with this sign changing from cycle to cycle. A longitude-time analysis of variations of the mean solar magnetic field shows that the contribution of the large-scale magnetic patterns to the total field does not exceed 20 µT. The most stable magnetic structures at a quasi-source surface in the solar corona are separated by approximately 180° in heliographic longitude and are close to dipolar. The nature and behavior of these large-scale magnetic patterns are interpreted as a superposition of cyclic dynamo modes and the nonaxially symmetric relic field of the Sun. The contribution of the relic field to the mean solar magnetic field appears as a weak but stable rotational modulation whose amplitude does not exceed 8 µT.     

Seismicity modulation by external stress perturbations in plate boundary vs. stable plate interior

Characterization of critically stressed seismogenic fault systems in diverse tectonic settings can be used to explore the stress/frictional condition of faults, along with its sensitivity for seismicity modulation by periodic stress perturbation. However, the process of seismicity modulation in response to external stress perturbation remains debated. In this paper, the characteristic difference in the seismicity modulation due to resonance destabilization phenomenon governed by rate-and-state friction is presented and validated with the globally reported cases of seismicity modulation in diverse tectonic settings. The relatively faster-moving plate boundary regions are equally susceptible for both shorter-period (e.g., semi-diurnal, diurnal, and other small tidal constituents) and long-period (e.g., semi-annual, annual, pole tide and pole wobble) seismicity modulation processes in response to stress perturbations from natural harmonic forcing, including tidal, semi-annual, annual, or multi-annual time scales. In contrast, slowly deforming stable plate interior regions and diffuse deformation zones appear to be more sensitive for long-period seismicity modulation of semi-annual, annual, or even multi-annual time scales but less sensitive for short-period seismicity modulation. This finding is also supported by the theoretical model predictions from the resonance destabilization process and worldwide documented natural observations of seismicity modulation in diverse types of tectonic settings.     

Circular diffuse scattering of akermanite studied by the optical diffraction method

Circular diffuse scattering appears when the incommensurate phase of akermanite transforms partly to either the normal phase or the commensurate phase by exchanging Ca atoms for larger alkali-earth atoms such as Sr or by exchanging Mg atoms for larger atoms such as Fe and/or by increasing the temperature. The scattering effect has been investigated by using an optical diffraction method. To induce the appearance of circular satellite reflections around the Bragg reflections, the modulation waves must repeat with a phase difference in one direction, x or y, together with a wavelength change. If the modulation waves repeat with phase differences in both x and y directions, circular satellite reflection will be induced without varying the modulation wavelength. Experimental reproduction of circular diffuse scattering shows that this phenomenon is ascribed to modulation waves repeating with a layer-to-layer phase difference and with a constant phase difference within each layer of the akermanite structure.     

Climatic and Tidal Forcing of Hydrography and Chlorophyll Concentrations in the Columbia River Estuary

Hydrographic patterns and chlorophyll concentrations in the Columbia River estuary were compared for spring and summer periods during 2004 through 2006. Riverine and oceanic sources of chlorophyll were evaluated at stations along a 27-km along-estuary transect in relation to time series of wind stress, river flow, and tidal stage. Patterns of chlorophyll concentration varied between seasons and years. In spring, the chlorophyll distribution was dominated by high concentrations from freshwater sources. Periods of increased stream flow limited riverine chlorophyll production. In summer, conversely, upwelling winds induced input of high-salinity water from the ocean to the estuary, and this water was often associated with relatively high chlorophyll concentrations. The frequency, duration, and intensity of upwelling events varied both seasonally and interannually, and this variation affected the timing and magnitude of coastally derived material imported to the estuary. The main source of chlorophyll thus varied from riverine in spring to coastal in summer. In both spring and summer seasons and among years, modulation of the spring/neap tidal cycle determined stratification, patterns of mixing, and the fate of (especially freshwater) phytoplankton. Spring tides had higher mixing and neap tides greater stratification, which affected the vertical distribution of chlorophyll. The Columbia River differs from the more tidally dominated coastal estuaries in the Pacific Northwest by its large riverine phytoplankton production and transfer of this biogenic material to the estuary and coastal ocean. However, all Pacific Northwest coastal estuaries investigated to date have exhibited advection of coastally derived chlorophyll during the upwelling season. This constitutes a fundamental difference between Pacific Northwest estuaries and systems not bounded by a coastal upwelling zone.     

The intermediate plagioclase structure: An explanation from interface theory

The orientation of the plane of modulation of the e-plagioclase superstructure appears to be defined by minimization of interface energy during spinodal-like unmixing of preexisting high plagioclase. Computations with strain-free high-temperature lattice parameters show that the plane of minimization of interface energy for the unmixing of anorthite from calcic plagioclase lies in the zone of s vectors [34, 8, 22] (Ab cell) and is rotated about 15° beyond the orientation of the An 75 superstructure. In contrast, the corresponding plane for unmixing of high albite from sodic plagioclase is rotated about 15° beyond the orientation of the An 25 superstructure. The orientation of individual intermediate plagioclase superstructures is the resultant of the proportional constraints acting on anorthiteplagioclase and albite-sodic plagioclase interfaces. The modulation period (S=1/‖s‖) at any composition is approximately equal to the modulation translation distance parallel to [?21, 39, ?55] resolved onto the modulation direction. The structural consequences of the present study are consistent with the essential features of the crystal structure model of Kitamura and Morimoto. However, the e-plagioclase superstructure is considered to represent a category of unmixing phenomena, rather than atomistic ordering, and it seems inappropriate to attempt to describe it with a composition-related supercell.     

福建平潭培长石的微结构研究

福建省平潭岛角闪辉长岩中有60％－70％的矿物为培长石（简称平潭培长石）,电子探针分析显示其牌号变化在84－88范围内。电子衍射研究表明培长石晶体结构为原始格子,其c和d类衍射漫散,并有拉长现象,且c和d两类衍射相对于a和ｂ类衍射的强度在各个选区有变化。电子显微学研究发现该矿物晶体广泛发育着一种非常细小的调制结构,调制结构延长方向近于平行（010）。钠长石律双晶也是非常常见的现象。此外,此外,在该晶体中广泛存在着由位错发育而成的小角晶界,这些晶界是岩浆期后热渍的通道,并在其问生出层状硅酸盐矿物。作者认为,近于平行(010)的调制是一种成分调制,也就是由富钙和略贫钙的畴区相闻掏成的调制。作为Huaenlocher连晶中的富钙相的培长石（An85-88）实际上已经分解。