高层钢结构建筑横向支撑地震动力响应分析

为测试高层钢结构建筑抗震性能,在有限元模型中以某高层钢框架结构办公大厦作为研究对象,测试其横向支撑地震动力响应状况。选取地震峰值加速度为200 cm/s^2的El-Centro波作为地震波输入,采用瞬态动力方法分析不同楼板厚度下建筑地震模拟响应,得到建筑顶层位移时程曲线;在SAP2000结构软件中分析建筑工程添加横向支撑前后的反应谱,记录各楼层垂直与水平方向位移与层间位移角。得到如下结果:高层钢结构建筑在地震响应下产生的位移不随楼板厚度的增加而增大,楼板厚度为100 mm、170 mm时位移波动显著;添加横向支撑后,建筑水平刚度显著提升,同理,添加横向支撑后横向层间位移角的最大值变化较大,且低于1/250,符合相关建筑标准。     

高层钢结构地震失效模式控制的失效路径修正法

本文主要研究高层钢框架结构的地震失效模式及其控制方法。首先,给出了高层钢结构的地震失效模式的分析方法;其次,提出了根据结构的失效路径来加强构件对高层钢结构的地震失效模式进行控制的方法;然后,提出了结构整体抗震能力的分析方法以及分别相应于设计能力和屈服能力的能力储备分析方法;最后,通过对一座15层的钢框架结构进行典型地震动下的极限时程分析和极限pushover分析,得到高层钢框架结构的失效模式和整体抗震能力以及相应于最弱失效模式的能力储备,并验证了本文中地震失效模式控制方法的有效性。本文的研究表明,高层钢结构的地震失效模式控制可以采用结构失效路径修正(薄弱构件加强)来实现。     

钢支撑性能对高层钢结构动力反应的影响

钢框架－支撑结构体系是高层钢结构常用的结构体系。支撑的性能对高导钢框架－支撑体系的动力性能影响较大，其中支撑的工细比是关键的影响因素。文中通过大量的计算分析研究支撑长细比对高层钢框架－支撑体系弹塑性地震反应的影响，所得结论可供工程设计时参考。     

斜拉索局部振动对结构地震响应的影响

以苏通长江公路大桥为研究对象,将斜拉索分成若干等长度的单元模拟斜拉索局部振动,以探讨其对结构地震响应的影响。计算结果表明:考虑斜拉索局部振动后,结构的自振频率变化较小;由于斜拉索基频与结构基频相近,斜拉索在地震动作用下,大幅振动,同时索—梁耦合振动明显,主梁和主塔内力降低,主塔根部弯矩明显减小。     

黏滞阻尼器对高层钢结构地震易损性的影响

为研究黏滞阻尼器对高层钢结构地震易损性的影响,基于Open SEES有限元分析平台,建立一个25层钢框架结构以及同尺寸附着黏滞阻尼器的钢框架结构,对两个钢框架结构以地震动峰值加速度(PGA)作为地震动强度指标,以结构最大层间位移角θmax为工程需求参数,从太平洋地震工程研究中心(PEER)中选取了15条地震动记录,分别对两个结构进行增量动力分析(Incremental Dynamic Analysis,IDA),建立结构的IDA曲线簇。结合地震易损性分析,对分析结果进行对数拟合,构筑两个结构的连续易损性曲线,并进一步提出用贝塔分布函数将结果转化为地震动参数-震害指数概率密度函数的概率表达方式,可以更加直观简便地观察到黏滞阻尼器显著的减震效果。该表达方法具有直观性,研究成果可为既有结构的地震灾害风险评估等提供简明且有力的分析方法。     

应用形状记忆合金的桥梁结构振动控制研究及发展

简要介绍了形状记忆合金（SMA）材料的本构关系及其显著特性。总结了桥梁结构在地震和风振作用下的灾害，以及SMA驱动器和阻尼器在桥梁结构隔震及减震应用上的研究现状，展望了SMA在桥梁结构尤其是在大跨度斜拉桥和悬索桥结构抗震风振动控制中的应用前景，指出了基于SMA材料的桥梁结构振动控制研究中亟待解决的一些关键技术。     

拉索松弛对独塔斜拉桥地震反应的影响

为了研究地震作用下斜拉桥拉索松弛对独塔斜拉桥地震反应的影响,采用桁架单元模拟斜拉索,考虑拉索垂度效应,基于OpenSees平台建立了考虑成桥状态及拉索松弛的全桥有限元模型,输入5条强震记录进行地震反应分析,探究了斜拉索松弛及其对斜拉桥关键部位地震反应的影响规律。结果表明：强震作用下独塔斜拉桥的拉索会产生松弛,但拉索松弛现象仅发生在部分边索中;拉索松弛对最不利受力索的位置和最大索拉力影响可以忽略;拉索松弛可能增大也可能减小结构地震反应,其影响不可忽略且受地震动的频谱影响较大,应引起设计的注意。     

钢筋混凝土高层结构非线性地震反应分现状

评述了钢筋混凝土平面及空间高层结构的非线性地震反应分析现状,指出了这方面存在的问题和需要进一步研究的课题。     

高层建筑地震反应最优多重TLD控制

本文以坑层建筑地震反应进行了最优多重ＴＬＤ（ＭＴＬＤ）ｓ控制研究。文中阐述了ＴＬＤ系统的工作原理笔ＭＴＬＤｓ系统的参数；建立了多层结构－ＴＭＬＤｓ系统耦联体系的运动方程；分析了ＭＴＬＤｓ系统的参数对在谐波作用下多层结构动力反应的影响以及各参数之间的关系。     

高层框支剪力墙结构地震反应分析的超元法

西方嵩层框支剪力墙结构地震反应分析的超元法，即将每榀框支墙中的上部剪力墙和落地墙简化处理成等效柱，底部框架简化处理成等代柱，楼板视为深梁，将连续分布的质量离散化，建立二维空间结构的“串并联质点系”振动模型，采用超级单元进行结构的地震作用计算及内力分析，此法计算简便并适用于结构竖向变刚度和考虑楼板变形等情况。     

Structural vibration control by shape memory alloy damper

A damper device based on shape memory alloy (SMA) wires is developed for structural control implementation. The design procedures of the SMA damper are presented. As a case study, eight such SMA dampers are installed in a frame structure to verify the effectiveness of the damper devices. Experimental results show that vibration decay of the SMA damper controlled frame is much faster than that of the uncontrolled frame. The finite‐element method is adopted to conduct the free and forced vibration analysis of the controlled and uncontrolled frame. The experimental and numerical results illustrate that the developed SMA dampers are very effective in reducing structural response and have great potential for use as efficient energy dissipation devices with the advantages of good control of force and no lifetime limits, etc. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种放大位移型SMA阻尼器的减震控制分析

利用形状记忆合金(SMA)材料的超弹性,本文提出了一种放大位移型SMA阻尼器,建立了装有该阻尼器的框架有限元模型并对该框架的地震反应实施了模拟减震控制。分不安装阻尼器、安装不放大位移阻尼器和安装放大2倍层间位移阻尼器三种工况,输入El Centro和Taft地震动,对比研究了阻尼器的减震控制效果。分析结果表明:(1)放大位移型SMA阻尼器的控制效果优于不放大位移型SMA阻尼器;(2)该放大位移型SMA阻尼器对位移的控制效果优于对加速度的控制效果。     

利用TLD减小高柔结构多振型地震反应的研究

本文提出了利多多个调谐液体阻尼器（简称TLDS）减小高柔结构多振型地震反应的方法,给出了TLD的布置方案和计算公式,通过钢框架模拟地震振动台试验和理论分析,验证了本文提出的方法的正确性．     

Control devices incorporated with shape memory alloy

Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) is a type of material that offers some unique characteristics for use in devices for vibration control applications. Based on SMA's material properties, four types of control devices that incorporate NiTi SMA wires are introduced in this paper, which include three types of dampers (SMA damper, SMA-MR damper and SMA-friction damper) and one kind of isolation bearing (SMA-rubber bearing). Mechanical models of these devices and their experimental verifications are presented. To investigate the control performance of these devices, the SMA-MR damper and SMA-rubber bearing are applied to structures. The results show that the control devices could be effective in reducing the seismic response of structures.     

A new isolation device using shape memory alloy and its application for long-span structures

The key points to consider in determining the effectiveness of using structural isolation with shape memory alloys (SMA) are the constitutive model, the SMA isolation device and the analysis method. In this paper, a simplifi ed constitutive model based on the classic theory of plasticity is proposed to simulate the behavior of the superelasticity of the SMA, in which the martensite volume fraction is considered as one of the state variables. Comparisons between simulation results and experimental results ar...     

安装形状记忆合金阻尼器的剪力墙结构抗震性能分析

为减轻钢筋混凝土剪力墙连梁的地震后永久性损伤,同时保持连梁的耗能机制,本文提出在剪力墙连梁中安装新型形状记忆合金(Shape Memory Alloy,简称SMA)阻尼器,并研究该阻尼器对剪力墙结构地震响应的减震效果。通过一幢12层剪力墙结构地震反应的时程分析,研究了SMA阻尼器的附加刚度比和屈服位移比两项特征参数对结构地震反应控制效果的影响规律。计算分析结果表明,当附加刚度比为0.04～0.05,屈服位移比为0.4～0.5时,可以获得较好的减震效果。     

Seismic response control of frame structures using magnetorheological/electrorheological dampers

Semi‐active control of buildings and structures for earthquake hazard mitigation represents a relatively new research area. Two optimal displacement control strategies for semi‐active control of seismic response of frame structures using magnetorheological (MR) dampers or electrorheological (ER) dampers are proposed in this study. The efficacy of these displacement control strategies is compared with the optimal force control strategy. The stiffness of brace system supporting the smart damper is also taken into consideration. An extensive parameter study is carried out to find the optimal parameters of MR or ER fluids, by which the maximum reduction of seismic response may be achieved, and to assess the effects of earthquake intensity and brace stiffness on damper performance. The work on example buildings showed that the installation of the smart dampers with proper parameters and proper control strategy could significantly reduce seismic responses of structures, and the performance of the smart damper is better than that of the common brace or the passive devices. The optimal parameters of the damper and the proper control strategy could be identified through a parameter study. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新型形状记忆合金阻尼器的试验研究

本文在对形状记忆合金(SMA)的力学性能研究的基础上，设计和制造出一种性能良好的SMA阻尼器，介绍了其工作原理及有关试验结果，将该阻尼器安装在斜拉桥模型上，进行了斜拉桥模型振动试验。试验结果表明该阻尼器的耗能效果明显，在工程结构振动控制方面具有比较好的应用前景。     

形状记忆合金力学性能的试验研究

本文针对一种国产形状记忆合金材料,通过试验和分析,首先定性地探讨了其力学性能随激振频率、环境温度、应变幅值和滞回圈数的变化情况;随后,提出了一种简化的四折线力学本构模型,在试验的基础上,确定了模型的特征参数;最后,将该材料与国外同类材料进行了对比,指出了国产材料的不足和应改进之处。     

Seismic response of tall building considering soil-pile-structure interaction

The seismic behavior of tall buildings can be greatly affected by non-linear soil-pile interaction during strong earthquakes. In this study a 20-storey building is examined as a typical structure supported on a pile foundation for different conditions: (1) rigid base, i.e. no deformation in the foundation: (2) linear soil-pile system; and (3) nonlinear soil-pile system. The effects of pile foundation displacements on the behavior of tall building are investigated, and compared with the behavior of buildings supported on shallow foundation. With a model of non-reflective boundary between the near field and far field, Novak’s method of soil-pile interaction is improved. The computation method for vibration of pile foundations and DYNAN computer program are introduced comprehensively. A series of dynamic experiments have been done on full-scale piles, including single pile and group, linear vibration and nonlinear vibration, to verify the validity of boundary zone model.