试论干酪根生油与热力学第二定律的关系

用热力学第二定律考察干酪根生油,是一个吸热和熵减的过程,与放热和熵增为特征的自发过程相悖。因此,热力学第二定律并不支持干酪根生油过程。对初生石油在泥岩中的初次运移提出质疑。在否定基岩油藏"上生下储"的基础上,认为石油来源于深部。     

乐山范店牙形石的发现及寒武-奥陶系界线——兼论牙形石色变指数与含油气关系

本文对四川乐山范店寒武、奥陶系界线上下的牙形石进行了研究,已发现有5属11种.其组合面貌与我国华北、南方地区下奥陶统最底部的牙形石组合大体一致,从而为该地寒武-奥陶系界线的重新划分提供了生物化石依据.确认该地白云岩与灰岩的界线并不是真正的寒武-奥陶系分界线,正确的分界线应在原岩性界线之下约5m的白云岩处.因此,本剖面中-上寒武统洗象池组顶部约5m的白云岩不是寒武系,应属奥陶系.最后,对界线上下牙形石的颜色进行鉴定,其色变指数低,属2级,为生成液态烃适宜的成熟度范围,提出是有利的生油区之一     

植物中单体烷烃碳同位素组成与其生长环境的关系

用色谱一同位素质谱议对青藏高原东北部高寒草甸生态系统中的两种高等模特一火绒草（Ｌｅｏｎｔｏｐｏｄｉｕｍ ｌｅｏｎｔｏｐｏｄｉｏｉｄｉｅｓ）和蒲公英（Ｔａｒａｘａｃｕｍ ｍｏｎｇｏｌｉｕｍ）的烷烃进行分析,讨论环境因素对植物单体烷烃碳同位素组成（δ＾１３Ｃｉａ）的影响。研究发现,两种植物奇碳数正构烷烃的δ＾１３Ｃｉａ值都比较小,且有随海拔高度的增加而增大的趋势,而偶碳数正构烷烃的δ＾１３Ｃｉａ值可能     

拓扑分子格的直和及其性质

拓扑分子格是一种重要的格上拓扑的形式,已有一些文章中研究了拓扑分子格的分离性(ST分离性)、紧性(s紧性)及紧化(s紧化)等性质,一族拓扑分子格的乘积拓扑是一种重要的格上拓扑,研究它的性质有重要的理论意义与应用价值.文章给出了一族对称拓扑分子格的直和概念,给出了对称拓扑分子格的直和的特征,证明了对称拓扑分子格的分离性Ti(i=-1,0,1,2)及可数性CI,CII是可和性质.     

Processes on the Thermodynamic?Properties?of?Lithium?Borates

正1 Introduction Lithium and its compounds as national strategic resources are extensively used in national defense,industrial and agricultural production.As we know,the salt lakes in the western of China are famous for its high     

黄土湿陷性与土体物性指标的相关性研究

为充分应用现有的试验资料,构建出一套快速准确的预测评价黄土湿陷性的新方法。笔者基于咸阳黄土塬区多年积累的岩土勘查数据资料,采用因子分析理论同偏最小二乘法及回归分析法相结合的研究方法,深入挖掘试验数据,应用黄土湿陷机理理论基础分析土体物性指标与黄土湿陷系数相关性及主要影响指标,分别构建了基于PLS方法及LogisticCum函数的黄土湿陷系数预测模型。结果表明,采用LogisticCum函数所构建的黄土湿陷系数与饱和度、孔隙比的三维曲面方程在预测黄土湿陷性方面是可靠的,模拟结果更加接近实际,可以满足工程应用的需要。     

A Connectivity Index for Discrete Fracture Networks

Connectivity is an important measure for assessing flow transport in rock, especially through fractures. In this paper, rock fracture systems are modelled by a discrete fracture model simulated by a marked point process. A connectivity index is then introduced to quantify the connectivity between any two points in space. Monte Carlo simulation is used to evaluate the connectivity index for stationary cases and relationships between the connectivity index and the parameters of the discrete fracture model are analysed. The average number of intersections per fracture, X_f, and the fracture intensity, P12 (P32), are calculated and the relationships between these parameters and the connectivity index are investigated, concluding that X_f is the more suitable parameter for the classification of rock mass flow properties. The relationships between the connectivity index and the percolation state of the fractured medium are also discussed. An edge correction is briefly discussed and a practical example is used to demonstrate the method of computing the connectivity index.     

Subsolidus Phase Relations in the System MgO-SiO_2-Cr-O and Thermodynamic Properties of Related Cr~(2+)-Containing End-members

Subsolidus phase relations have been determined in the systems SiO2-Cr-O and MgO-SiO2-Cr-O in equilibrium with metallic Cr, at 1100 to 1500℃ and 0 to 2.88 GPa. The results show that there are no ternary phases in the SiO2-Cr-O system at these conditions, i.e., only the assemblage eskolaite-Cr-metal-quartz (or tridymite) is found. In the MgO-containing system, however, extensive substitution of Cr2+ for Mg is observed in (Mg, Cr2+)2SiO4 olivine, (Mg, Cr2+)2Si2O6 pyroxene, and (Mg, Cr2+)Cr2O4 spinel. Cr3+ levels in olivine and pyroxene are below detection limits. The pyroxene is orthohombic at XCrPx2+ < 0.2, monoclinic at higher XCrPx2+ . Thestructure of the spinels becomes tetragonally distorted at XCr2+Sp >0.2. The experimental datahave been fitted to a thermodynamic model, and the authors obtained the mixing parameter (W) of Mg-Cr2+ in olivine, pyroxene and spinel, and the relation between temperatures and free energies of formation for the end-members: Cr2+-olivine (Cr2SiO4), Cr2+-pyroxene (Cr2Si2O6)     

平衡损失下回归系数stein压缩估计的性质

在平衡损失风险函数准则下,研究线性模型中回归系数的stein估计优于最小二乘估计(LS)的充分必要条件,然后在pitman closeness(PC)准则下比较了stein估计相对于最小二乘估计的优良性。     

钻孔灌注桩若干工艺指标与质量指标的关系

探讨了钻孔灌注桩若干重要工艺指标与桩质量指标的关系,提出了一些方便实际使用的指标控制值、事后调查法、砼可灌性等方法和新概念。     

Correlations between Compression Index and Index Properties of Undisturbed and Disturbed Tehran clay

The compression index (Cc), which is used to calculate the consolidation settlement of fine-grained soils, can be determined through consolidation testing. Given that exploring the soil in a local region is highly important to determine the correlation between the Cc and other soil indices, the present study investigated these correlations in undisturbed and disturbed samples through 130 consolidation tests and determining the Cc of Tehran clay. The results are suggestive of the validity of the linear correlation between the Cc and the unit weight and initial void ratio of the soil, with several relations presented to estimate the Cc of Tehran clay soil. In contrast, the initial water content, liquid limit and the plasticity index do not produce reliable correlations with the Cc of the local clay soil, and a relation based on these index parameters cannot be recommended in this area. Further, the presented empirical correlations were compared with the existing ones. More over time-displacement and e-log σ’ graphs for undisturbed and disturbed samples are compared and stress history of the site are presented. The results are significant in terms of engineering applications, saving time and money and provides an initial estimation of compression index.

     

宜昌三斗坪地区南华系化学蚀变指数特征及南华系划分、对比的讨论

化学蚀变指数(chemicalindexofalteration)最早作为判别源岩区化学风化程度的指标而提出,随后又应用于对沉积物沉积环境的判定。化学蚀变指数的表达式为CIA=n(Al2O3)/[n(Al2O3)+n(CaO)+n(Na2O)+n(K2O)]×100。CaO代表硅酸盐中的CaO,n(CaO)=n(CaO)-n(CO2,方解石)-0.5·n(CO2,白云石)-10/3·n(P2O5)。化学蚀变指数研究样品的选取极为重要,最佳岩性为细碎屑岩,需要清除成岩过程中钾交代作用的影响。用成分变异指数(ICV)来判别沉积再循环作用和沉积物成分被改造的程度。用A—CN—K三角图解来判别物源区的源岩性质和样品钾交代的特征及其风化趋势。宜昌三斗坪地区南华系CIA研究表明该区南华系下统莲沱组下部的CIA值在50~65之间(干燥寒冷),上部为65~75之间(温暖潮湿)和顶部为55~60之间(干燥寒冷);南华系上统南沱组的CIA值基本在60~65之间(干燥寒冷),近顶部两个样品的CIA值达70(温暖潮湿)。上述CIA值变化表明本区南华纪经历自老到新由冰期干燥寒冷—间冰期温暖潮湿—冰期干燥寒冷沉积环境的变化过程。本文据此提出了新的扬子古陆南华系新的划分和对比方案。