萨拉乌苏河流域MGS1层段微量元素记录的全新世千年尺度的气候变化

本文以毛乌素沙漠东南缘萨拉乌苏河流域米浪沟湾剖面MGS1层段为代表,试图通过对其的微量元素分析结果探讨该地全新世千年尺度的气候变化.在分析的14种微量元素中,除Cr和Zn以外的12种元素P、Pb、Rb、Nb、Zr、V、Sr、Cu、Ni、As、Ba、Co含量在MGS1剖面的垂直方向上具有这样的分布规律:元素含量值在沙丘砂...     

Climatic changes indicated by trace elements in the Chagelebulu Stratigraphic Section,Badain Jaran Desert,China, since 150 kyr B.P.

This paper analyzes the contents of 16 trace elements in the strata of the Chagelebulu Stratigraphic Section, Badain Jaran Desert, since 150 kyr B.P. and discovered that both the contents of the relatively stable elements, such as P, Mn, Zr, Cr, Pb, Rb, Nb, Y, and the relatively active elements, such as V, Sr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As fluctuated with the sedimentary cycles composed of 25 aeolian dune sands, loess, paleosols, lacustrine facies, alluvial, and colluvial sandy gravels, showing 25 cycles of low-high variation and a fluctuant jagged graph of chemical elements’ migration and accumulation. The lower contents of the elements in the aeolian sands show the erosion, migration and deposition of wind power in a cold and arid climate. The relative accumulation of sandy-gravel layers, especially the lacustrine facies, loess, and paleosols correlates with the section’s position in the special depression relief with a background of warm and humid climate. The above-mentioned variational characteristics were mainly caused by 25 cycles of arid-cold, windy, and warm-humid climatic fluctuation on the southern fringe of the Badain Jaran Desert since 150 kyr B.P. The essential reason bears a relationship with the back and force swing of the East Asia winter monsoon and summer monsoon influenced by climatic vicissitudes during the glacial and interglacial periods.     

萨拉乌苏河流域末次间冰阶气候——以米浪沟湾剖面为例

米浪沟湾剖面末次间冰阶层序粒度和化学元素波动韵律与由古流动砂丘砂和上覆河湖相或古土壤构成的沉积旋回颇为一致。古流动砂丘砂犹如现代流动砂丘砂,是东亚冬季风主导下干冷气候的产物;河湖相和古土壤颗粒细化,化学、生物等地球风化程度增强,含较多喜暖的软体动物化石,指示其偏南夏季风主导下的温暖湿润气候。据此,末次间冰阶萨拉乌苏河流域至少经历了10次温湿(W事件)和9次冷干(C事件)气候波动,且可划分为MIS3e(58.85~48.98kaBP)、MIS3d(48.98~39.55kaBP)、MIS3c(39.55~34.59kaBP)、MIS3b(34.59~26.47kaBP)和MIS3a(26.47~23.07kaBP)等5个亚段。其中,19次冷/暖波动可与格陵兰GRIP冰心δ18O冰段/间冰段相对应,5个亚段与我国古里雅冰心在波动性质和相位上都极为一致,与V23-81冷性浮游有孔虫数代表的北大西洋地区气候也具有较好的可比性。谱分析显示出21.70ka、1.05ka、0.64ka、0.50ka等显著周期,即该地千百年尺度气候主要受与北大西洋热盐环流波动引起的东亚冬、夏季风强弱有关,而万年尺度上则受控于岁差周期所导致的太阳辐射变化。     

微量元素记录的毛乌素沙漠全新世气候波动--以萨拉乌苏流域DGS1层段为例

选取毛乌素沙漠东南缘萨拉乌苏河流域具有代表性的滴哨沟湾剖面全新统(DGS1层段),结合微量元素与测年分析结果,探讨了该地全新世千年尺度的气候波动.结果表明,P、V、Cu、Zn、Sr、Ni、As、Cr、Pb属于易迁移-较稳定元素,其含量在沉积相中主要呈现为古土壤< 沙丘砂 <湖沼相,Co、Rb、Nb、Ba、Cl、Zr属于稳定-惰性元素,主要呈现为古土壤 >沙丘砂 >湖沼相,说明沙丘砂是冬季风主导下的沉积,古土壤和湖沼相是夏季风主导下的沉积.以Rb和Sr两种元素在垂向上峰谷交替的变化特征为依据,将DGS1记录的全新世气候分为升温期(11 000~10 130 a B.P.)、大暖期(10 130~6 590 a B.P.)、降温期(6 590~3 760 a B.P.)和寒冷期(3 760~0 a B.P.)四个阶段,这与国内外的相关研究结果一致,表明萨拉乌苏河流域全新世的气候变化是全球环境变化影响下的结果.     

毛乌素沙漠东南缘全新世剖面光释光年代及古气候意义

在毛乌素沙漠东南缘锦界地区发现的具有3层深棕色至黑色古土壤的全新世剖面,记录了至少3次大型沙地固定与活化的交替演化.在锦界剖面厚约5m的全新世地层中采集了10个光释光样品,利用石英光释光测年单片再生法(SAR),建立了锦界剖面全新世(>7.5-0.2ka)年代格架.结合粒度、磁化率气候变化代用指标和光释光年龄序列,得到...     

Climate variability in the Salawusu River valley of the Ordos Plateau (Inner Mongolia,China) during Marine Isotope Stage 3

Fluctuations in climatic proxies of the Milanggouwan section in the Salawusu River valley of the Ordos Plateau (Inner Mongolia, China) during Marine Isotope stage 3 (MIS 3) coincide well with sedimentary cycles for palaeo‐mobile dune sands alternating with fluvial–lacustrine facies and palaeosols. We compared the palaeo‐mobile dune sands with modern mobile dune sands (products of a cold and dry climate dominated by the East Asian winter monsoon), whereas the fluvial–lacustrine facies and palaeosols were controlled by a wet–warm climate similar to that of the East Asian summer monsoon. The MIS 3 climate of the Salawusu River valley appears to have experienced at least nine wet–warm and ten cold–dry fluctuations, divided into five stages: MIS 3e (58 900–49500 yr BP), MIS 3d (49 500–40 700 yr BP), MIS 3c (40 700–36 900 yr BP), MIS 3b (36 900–27 000 yr BP) and MIS 3a (27 000–22 300 yr BP). The 19 cold–warm climatic fluctuations corresponded roughly to the GRIP and Guliyan records, and with fluctuations in the North Atlantic climate. Notable peaks in the spectral analysis occurred at 19 500 yr, 1020 yr, 640 yr and 500 yr. Our results show that the millennial–centennial climate was closely related to the relative strengths of East Asian monsoons, which are controlled by the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation, and which is also closely linked to the Sun's precession period. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

三门峡地区末次盛冰期至全新世早期的古季风事件

通过三门峡地区小刘寺剖面黄土- 古土壤序列磁化率曲线和粗颗粒组分含量曲线的研究,发现它们分别指示的夏季风和冬季风变迁在末次冰消期向全新世转变时的新仙女木事件中显示不同的变化特征。夏季风的加强过程对应于冬季风的大幅度波动,气候为凉湿背景上的冷湿与暖湿振荡。冰后期的早期为全新世第一暧期。夏季风强盛对应于冬季风衰弱的湿暖气候,它由夏季风锋面降水的穿时性所决定,在华北地区为全新世适宜期。8 kaBP 前后为夏季风偏弱对应于冬季风偏强的干冷气候,是具有普遍意义的全新世第一冷期。这3 次古季风事件可与格陵兰冰芯记录进     

Climate fluctuation on a kiloyear scale during the Late Last Glacial in Mu Us Desert,China: evidence from Rb and Sr contents and ratios

The MGS2 segment of the Milanggouwan stratigraphical section in China’s Salawusu River Valley records 5.5 sedimentary cycles consisting of dune sands alternating with fluviolacustrine facies or/and palaeosols. The high Rb and Sr contents and low Rb/Sr ratios in the fluviolacustrine facies indicate the presence of a warm and humid climate, and vice versa for a dry and cold climate. Rb and Sr appeared to have 5.5 element cycles that are consistent with the sedimentation changes, and each cycle lasts about 2 ka on average. This study suggests that the observed cycles mainly resulted from variations in the strength of the East Asian winter and summer monsoons, and the MGS2 segment experienced six cold-dry winter monsoons and five warm-humid summer monsoons during the OIS2. In addition, the millennial-scale monsoonal climate fluctuations revealed by the element cycles corresponded well with the Dansgaard–Oeschger cycles recorded in the Greenland ice cores and Heinrich events in the North Atlantic marine sediments. Therefore, the monsoonal climate fluctuations revealed by the Rb and Sr in the MGS2 segment were likely triggered by global climate change.     

150ka B.P.以来萨拉乌苏河流域主元素变动旋回

萨拉乌苏河流域米浪沟湾剖面150kaB.P.以来存在27个由风成砂与河湖相和古土壤构成的沉积旋回。通常后两者的Al2O3、TFe、Mn、TiO2、K2O、MgO、CaO和Na2O含量明显高于前者,而SiO2则相反,构成了与沉积旋回相应的150kaB.P.以来27个元素变化旋回。结合各元素的化学迁移特性、研究区所在的鄂尔多斯高原东南部洼地地貌特征以及季风沙区位置,论证了风成砂中SiO2含量增高,Al2O3、TFe、Mn、TiO2、K2O、MgO、CaO和Na2O相对降低,与干寒多风气候及其影响下石英的大量迁入有关,而河湖相和古土壤中SiO2相对迁移、Al2O3等呈聚集的势态,与暖湿气候作用下稳定性元素Al2O3、TFe、Mn、TiO2和非稳定性元素K2O、MgO、CaO、Na2O都能够从四周地表汇集于本区这种特殊的比较封闭的低地有关。研究表明,萨拉乌苏河流域150kaB.P.以来27个元素变化旋回与该时期北半球冰期-间冰期气候波动诱发的亚洲冬夏季风在毛乌素沙漠的多次更迭具有成因上的联系。     

Synchronism of Holocene East Asian monsoon variations and North Atlantic drift-ice tracers

Eighteen radiocarbon-dated eolian and paleosol profiles within a 1500-km-long belt along the arid to semi-arid transition zone of north-central China record variations in the extent and strength of the East Asian summer monsoon during the Holocene. Dated paleosols and peat layers represent intervals when the zone was dominated by a mild, moist summer monsoon climate that favored pedogenesis and peat accumulation. Brief intervals of enhanced eolian activity that resulted in the deposition of loess and eolian sand were times when strengthened winter monsoon conditions produced a colder, drier climate. The monsoon variations correlate closely with variations in North Atlantic drift-ice tracers that represent episodic advection of drift ice and cold polar surface water southward and eastward into warmer subpolar water. The correspondence of these records over the full span of Holocene time implies a close relationship between North Atlantic climate and the monsoon climate of central China.     

青海共和盆地早全新世古风向重建及其对黄土物源的指示

青藏高原东北部地处黄土与沙漠的过渡地区,在冰期-间冰期旋回中受中纬西风与东亚季风环流的交替控制,曾发生大范围的沙漠进退,是黄土高原重要的潜在物源区。恢复该区地质历史时期的大气环流格局可为重建东亚地区的环境面貌、探讨黄土高原的物源区、检验东亚地区古气候模拟结果的有效性等方面提供重要依据。但目前对高原东北部的古大气环流特征却鲜有研究。青藏高原东北部保存有一系列的古沙丘,可为古大气环流的重建提供直接依据。本文选取青海共和盆地一处代表性新月形古沙丘开展光释光测年研究,并通过其平面形态和前积层产状恢复了当时的古风向。结果表明:共和盆地的风沙活动自早全新世以来开始显著减弱,此时近地面盛行与现今风向一致的西北风。前人的研究揭示出青藏高原东北部在冰期时很可能盛行西风,并存在广泛的荒漠化,因而很可能是黄土高原冰期时重要的物源区之一。而本研究指示,该区的盛行风向在早全新世以来转变为西北风,且荒漠范围显著退缩,导致其全新世不再是黄土高原的物源区。青藏高原东北部的盛行风向和荒漠范围在冰期-间冰期旋回中的这种变化,为理解黄土高原的粉尘物源在空间和冰期-间冰期旋回上的变化提供了依据。     

汉江上游庹家湾剖面化学风化特征及其意义

通过对庹家湾黄土剖面元素的分析,揭示汉江上游地区黄土中常量元素的地球化学行为及对气候变化的响应。用X-Ray荧光光谱仪、MS-2型磁化率仪分别测量了庹家湾剖面元素含量及磁化率值,实验结果显示:庹家湾剖面的风成黄土化学成分以SiO₂、Al₂O₃和Fe₂O₃为主,三者含量分别为355.83 g/kg、79.62 g/kg、62.64 g/kg;以Ti为参比,Na、Ca、Mg、Si、K表现为迁移淋失,Fe、Al元素相对富集,元素的活动性及其迁移序列为Na > Ca > Mg > Si > K > Al > Fe;Fe和Al元素含量曲线及CIA曲线在228~260 cm（L₁~S₁）和294~370 cm（L₁~S₂）深度处出现明显的峰值,并与磁化率曲线呈现出高度一致性,指示该层化学风化程度明显高于典型黄土,接近于古土壤（S₀）,OSL年龄在27.5~21.5 ka B.P.之间。庹家湾剖面常量元素在剖面的变化,表明在汉江上游地区晚更新世末期的气候并非是持续干燥寒冷,而是存在一定的气候波动,在27.5~21.5 ka B.P.期间风化成壤作用较为明显,气候相对温暖湿润。     

Heinrich events recorded in a loess-paleosol sequence from Hexigten,Inner Mongolia

We describe the last glaciation climatic history Marine Isotope Stage(MIS, 2-4) from 66.7 ka to 14.5 ka in Hexigten, northeast Inner Mongolia, North China. The climate of the region experienced frequent and significant fluctuations between dry-cold and less dry-cold during the late MIS4. The climate was generally warm and humid during early MIS3(MIS3 c) and late MIS3(MIS3 a), whereas it was cold and dry in middle MIS3(MIS3 b) and during MIS2. In this study, the cold and dry conditions were correlated with a stronger East Asian winter monsoon and strong dune activity; whereas, warm and humid conditions were related to a stronger East Asian summer monsoon(EASM) and weak dune activity. This study establishes six distinct dry and cold intervals during the last glacial period(66.7-14.5 ka) based on optically stimulated luminescence data, multi-proxies record(magnetic susceptibility, grain size analysis, Rb/Sr, SiO2/TiO2) and chemical index of alteration(CIA). The last glacial period may be correlated with Heinrich events 1 to 6 which were further confirmed by comparison with the Hulu cave stalagmites and Greenland ice core records. It is concluded that the study area was substantially affected by the EASM, as compared with the loess-desert transition zone of the Chinese Loess Plateau, especially in MIS3 c and suggested that the East Asian monsoon played a pivotal role in the last glacial period climate and dune activity.     

毛乌素沙地全新世地层粒度组成特征及古气候意义

分析结果显示,毛乌素沙地粒度自西北至东南逐渐变细、磁化率值逐渐变大。这一规律不仅表现在地表,而且在不同地点同一层位也有明显反映。说明了毛乌素沙地的形成过程与东亚季风联系密切。就所选剖面分析来看,本区在更新世晚期及全新世早期气候比较寒冷干燥,东亚冬季风影响较明显,此时为堆积成沙期,自北至南堆积的砂粒渐细,砂层渐薄;全新世中期气候温暖湿润,东亚夏季风影响显著,此时为较明显的成壤期,表现在自北至南普遍可见发育较好的黑垆土层,且南部的成壤作用比北部好,土壤的厚度也大;全新世晚期至今,气候向干冷的方向转化,但变化幅度远小于末次冰期     

石英光释光测年揭示的晚第四纪毛乌素沙地演化

本研究利用石英光释光测年的单片再生法(Single­aliquot Regenerative­dose Protocol,简称SAR)对毛乌素沙地内部西北－东南方向5个风成砂－砂质古土壤剖面进行了年代测定,结合年代框架和剖面沉积相、磁化率及粒度特征探讨了晚第四纪以来毛乌素沙地演化和气候变化。研究表明毛乌素沙地在晚第四纪以来经历了多次沙地固定与活化的交替演化： 距今91.0ka,71.0ka,48.0ka,22.0ka,11.6ka,5.0ka,1.1ka,1.0ka和0.4ka前后风成砂沉积,沙地活化,指示气候干旱,植被覆盖度低; 在距今65ka和全新世适宜期(8.5～5.0ka),沙地固定成壤,砂质古土壤发育,指示气候湿润。另外,剖面中风成砂层数变多、厚度增加、粒径变粗指示了晚第四纪以来毛乌素沙地干旱化趋势加强。     

Holocene Dune Mobility and Forcing Mechanisms at the Northern Margin of the East Asian Monsoon

Dune fields at the northern margin of the East Asian monsoon (EAM), are mosaics of mobile and vegetation-stabilized aeolian dunes. These sand dunes are highly sensitive to environmental change, thus the distribution and the timing of their development may provide important clues to past environmental dynamics. Due to the strong wind erosion and dune migration, long and continuous stratigraphic records are seldom preserved. Synthesizing a large body of events, ultimately producing a relatively complete and high-resolution record, may be a proper method to investigate the dune development history and climate change. In this study, we synthesized a large body of luminescence ages for aeolian deposits from the Mu Us, Otindag, Horqin dune fields at the northern margin of the EAM. The results show that these dune fields, as a whole experienced a most extensive mobility during the early Holocene, followed by a widespread shift toward limited mobility and soil development in the mid-Holocene, and widespread reactivation occurred during late Holocene. The dune developments are directly linked to the effective moisture change controlled by the EAM changes, which respond to the low latitude summer insolation variation. The increased subsidence at the margin contrary to the core EAM, the delay from the feedback of the soil-vegetation-air coupled system, the increased evaporation due to the high temperature all play partial role in the lag of the margin EAM effective moisture change to the low latitude summer insolation. The asynchronous end of the wetter mid-Holocene mainly responds to the southeastwardly shift of the precipitation belt, while the regional sensitivity, response speed and internal feedback also contributed. The correspondence between dune records and North Atlantic drift-ice records of the rapid climate changes implies a close relationship between North Atlantic climate and the frequent dune activity at the northern margin of EAM.     

末次冰消期以来兰州地区冬季风变化研究

研究发现,本次冰消期以来兰州地区大气风力发生了显著变化,全新世早中期大气风力最弱,随后大气风力回返到接近冰期的状况,约1300aB．P．开始大气风力再次减弱,现代是大气风力又一次增强时期;近地面风向有由西北向东北变化的趋势,是大气环流位置变化的结果。在总的变化背景下,大气风力具有约1500a的准周期。我们认为,间冰期季风中国的短尺度气候变化与冰期有差异,前者与低纬度地区联系更密切。     

渭河盆地末次冰盛期以来沉积环境变化研究

研究过去气候快速变化能为当前极端气候分析和未来环境预测提供自然背景理解。亚洲季风在北半球乃至全球的第四纪气候变化中扮演着重要角色,其演化是全球气候变化背景下的典型区域响应。然而,不同地质载体及不同指标所记录的亚洲冬、夏季风变化存在着较大差异,产生差异的原因及受到的动力机制是值得深入研究的科学问题。渭河盆地位于黄土高原和古三门湖沉积交叠的区域,是研究第四纪亚洲季风演化的理想场所。在盆地西南部西安市户县和长安县获取了两个黄土沉积钻孔,户县ZZC孔长4 m,长安县XFC孔长3 m,两孔的年代均超过25 ka。通过两钻孔的粒度和元素地球化学等代用指标研究,对比分析不同指标对气候变化的敏感度差异,反演了末次冰盛期(LGM)以来的区域沉积环境变化,并尝试探讨该时期发生的气候突变事件及反映的季风强度变化。结果表明,两钻孔的平均粒径从LGM到中全新世逐渐变细,中全新世之后少许变粗,空间上表现出一致性,总体反映了末次冰盛期以来的冬季风强度演化;Ca/Ti反映了与季风降水相关的淋溶强度,从LGM到全新世暖期夏季风逐渐减弱,并记录了若干次气候快速变化。粒度和元素比值变化表明,渭河盆地沉积良好地记录了末次冰盛期至全新世的大幅冷干-暖湿波动及若干次持续时间较短的快速水文变化事件,主要是受到太阳辐射和冰量等因素调控的影响。由于渭河盆地有上千米的新生代沉积,未来开展高分辨率研究有望揭示不同时间尺度季风变化特征及其与区域和全球变化的联系。     

早全新世季风演化的高分辨率石笋δ18O记录研究--以河南老母洞石笋为例

基于豫西老母洞LM2石笋8个高精度230Th年龄,449个氧碳同位素,建立了达十年际分辨率的8.2~10.9 ka B.P.亚洲季风变化的δ18O记录序列.老母洞石笋δ18O值最为偏负达-12.0‰,最偏正为-8.2‰,振幅达3.8‰.早全新世10.13~10.9 ka B.P.时段内,河南西部老母洞石笋和东石崖石笋,陕西九仙洞C996-2石笋δ18O曲线揭示该时段内季风稳定,而中国南方的衙门洞石笋、三宝洞石笋和极地冰芯GRIP记录揭示该时段季风逐渐增强;同时季风达到顶峰的时期也不相同,进一步说明中国南北方早全新世10.13~10.9 ka B.P.时段季风演变过程的差异,可能与中国南北方气候的响应机制有关.从早全新世平均分辨率10年的LM2石笋记录中识别出8.2 ka,9.5 ka,10.2 ka和10.9 ka显著弱季风事件,尤其是8.2 ka和9.5 ka事件.对比分析老母洞与已发表的高分辨率石笋δ18O记录发现:石笋所揭示的某些冷事件发生时间在亚洲季风区存在差异,主要表现在事件内部变化特征及趋势上.LM2石笋δ18O曲线并没有明显记录9.3 ka弱季风事件,而是在9.3~9.6 ka B.P.左右记录了一个弱季风事件,与DSY09(2009)、Y1、HS-4记录相似,表明在该时段内存在季风的减弱事件,但是氧同位素传输的复杂性,使其在南北方表现不同.此外,在LM2石笋δ18O的8.2 ka B.P.开始时段,氧同位素曲线阶段性下降,且变幅达3‰,与Zhang等研究万象洞石笋提出的“中国8 200阶段”吻合,表明中国北方地区的8.2 ka事件是阶段性的事件,而南方的石笋氧同位素记录揭示的8.2 ka事件并未表现出阶段性特征,其原因有待于更多北方高精度石笋记录来进一步研究.LM2石笋氧同位素记录进行功率谱分析发现:在短尺度上季风变化与太阳活动密切相关,这与近年来对早全新世极端气候变化研究的驱动机制是一致的,早全新世亚洲季风的演化与太阳活动变化引起的太阳辐射能量的变化和北半球高纬气候的变化状况有关.     

MIS5b以来西樵山主量地球化学元素记录的D/O旋回与古生物实证

位于中国南亚热带的西樵剖面主要是一套大约MIS5b以来形成的湖沼相。根据对该剖面759个主要元素氧化物SiO₂、Al₂O₃和TOFE（Fe₂O₃+ FeO）含量分析结果并以Al₂O₃/SiO₂比值作为考察“脱硅富铝”的气候代用指标,将西樵剖面MIS5b以来的主要元素波动划分出34.5个元素旋回“CY0—CY34”（其中CY0属于0.5个旋回）,其平均变率—3.1 ka/旋回为千年尺度级别。通过对这些元素与气候的关系和古生物（孢粉和哺乳动物化石）指示的古生态的论证,认为气候旋回与这些元素旋回存在内在的因果关系,进而提出MIS5b以来该地曾发生过34.5个时期的寒冷与温暖即东亚冬季风与夏季风交替变化的千年尺度的气候旋回。研究表明,MIS5b以来这些旋回中的若干阶段与北半球高纬地区D/O事件存在很好的“遥相关”,即在时间—气候性质上的变化节奏基本一致。这是首次在中国的南亚热带发现的MIS5b以来高分辨率的元素/气候波动,其意义在于它展现了自那时以来一个比较完整的D/O气候旋回在东亚大陆更南部区域的存在。表明,这个时代东亚季风旋回的发生、发展和演化,除了北半球冰量变化幅度的影响外,西太平洋暖池（温度与消长幅度）亦对其产生过重要的影响,其中夏季风时期对低纬地区的影响更加强烈。