1979年帝王谷地震速度脉冲型地震动的识别和初步讨论

以1979年MW6.5帝王谷地震为例,比较了小波变换法、峰点法(PPM)和零点法(ZVPM)识别近断层速度脉冲型强震记录的能力,三种方法识别出的脉冲峰值基本一致,脉冲周期略有差别.为分析速度脉冲的产生机制,包括产生时间、位置以及凹凸体的影响,借助频率-波数域格林函数法(FK法)合成近断层宽频带地震动,采用峰点法逐步识别...     

Near-fault ground motions with prominent acceleration pulses： pulse characteristics and ductility demand

Major earthquakes of last 15 years (e.g., Northridge 1994, Kobe 1995 and Chi-Chi 1999) have shown that many near-fault ground motions possess prominent acceleration pulses. Some of the prominent ground acceleration pulses are related to large ground velocity pulses, others are caused by mechanisms that are totally different from those causing the velocity pulses or fling steps. Various efforts to model acceleration pulses have been reported in the literature. In this paper, research results from a recent study of acceleration pulse prominent ground motions and an analysis of structural damage induced by acceleration pulses are summarized. The main results of the study include: (1) temporal characteristics of acceleration pulses; (2) ductility demand spectrum of simple acceleration pulses with respect to equivalent classes of dynamic systems and pulse characteristic parameters; and (3) estimation of fundamental period change under the excitation of strong acceleration pulses. By using the acceleration pulse induced linear acceleration spectrum and the ductility demand spectrum, a simple procedure has been developed to estimate the ductility demand and the fundamental period change of a reinforced concrete (RC) structure under the impact of a strong acceleration pulse.     

高效多路直流开关电源

本文介绍一种新型的直流开关电源,该电源是一种直流电压输入,三种直流电压输出,并能够达到相当高的效率。这种电源适用于数字化设备的无人职守台站。本文也论述了实现的技术思路和达到的技术要求。     

震源机制参数对模拟地震动场速度脉冲的影响

近断层区域脉冲型地震动对于大跨度工程结构地震响应具有重要影响,然而大震近场记录的匮乏使得探究脉冲型地震动的特征较为困难．本文借助基于运动学震源模型的地震动合成方法,合成不同震源机制参数情况下的近场地震动场．采取基于能量的速度脉冲识别方法,提取合成地震动场中的速度脉冲并计算脉冲周期和幅值,分析震源机制参数对速度脉冲空间分布及脉冲特征参数的影响规律．研究表明：断层走向变化主要影响脉冲型地震动的方位;倾角和滑动角主要影响脉冲型地震动的数量和分布方位;脉冲型地震动更易出现在与断层走向斜交的方向上,在垂直断层走向方向上脉冲型地震动分布相对较少;走向对脉冲特征参数影响很大;相对于脉冲周期,断层倾角对脉冲幅值影响更显著;倾滑断层引起的垂直分量脉冲周期明显大于其他震源机制情况．     

近断层地震动等效速度脉冲研究

近断层地震动对地表结构物造成严重的破坏，它具有明显的方向性和脉冲型特征. 在速度时程中含有大幅值、长周期的脉冲波，对结构响应影响很大. 为简化计算和分析的需要，在既有的等效速度脉冲模型的基础上，建议了较为合理等效速度脉冲模型. 在充分收集脉冲型近断层地震记录的基础上，对等效速度脉冲模型的脉冲周期、脉冲强度及卓越脉冲数等参数进行了研究，并与以往研究者的结果进行比较，以利于近断层区结构的抗震设计.      

近断层脉冲型地震动重要参数的识别方法

在拟合或合成近断层脉冲型地震动的研究中,速度等效脉冲中的参数需要依据实际地震动确定,因此,如何从地震动中识别这些参数就成为一个需要解决的问题.详细分析了已有脉冲周期和脉冲速度峰值的识别方法,分析结果表明这些方法均具有局限性,尤其是对于不规则地震动.提出了基于平滑后的地震动识别脉冲周期和脉冲速度峰值的方法,并验证了这种识别方法的有效性.结果表明: 提出的脉冲周期和脉冲速度峰值识别方法可以克服以往方法的局限性,可以实现脉冲周期和脉冲速度峰值识别的程序化.     

一种有效的地震动速度时程时域特性分析方法

在分析特殊型地震动如近场脉冲型地震动或远场类谐和地震动时,研究和设计人员更关注于地震动的时域特性.鉴于目前尚不具有一种成熟的用于分析地震动时域特性的方法,在研究中通常采用肉眼辨别地震动.但在肉眼辨别的过程中并没有定量的指标描述地震动的特性,因此这种方法容易引入人为的主观性误差.地震动的时域特性主要指地震动的振动周期和强度随时间的变化情况.如有一种定量描述这种变化的方法便能消除肉眼辨别中引入的主观性误差.为解决该问题,本文提出了一种简便、有效的分析地震动速度时程时域特性的速度零点法ZVPM(Zero Velocity Point Method).采用这种方法可以定量地分析地震动速度时程的振动周期和强弱程度随时间的变化情况,并可以通过定义的幅值参数、周期参数和相位参数获取等效的地震动速度时程.鉴于脉冲型地震动对结构具有特殊的破坏作用,本文采用速度零点法分析了24条典型的强脉冲型地震动,并基于速度零点法提出了一种简便的脉冲周期计算方法.为便于工程设计人员快速地获取本文所选脉冲型地震动的等效速度脉冲,文中给出了每一条地震动等效速度脉冲的数学表达式.     

Fired Models of Air-gun Source and Its Application

Air-gun is an important active seismic source. With the development of the theory about air- gun array, the technique for air-gun array design becomes mature and is widely used in petroleum exploration and geophysics. In order to adapt it to different research domains, different combination and fired models are needed. At the present time, there are two fired models of air-gun source, namely, reinforced initial pulse and reinforced first bubble pulse. The fired time, space between single guns, frequency and resolution of the two models are different. This comparison can supply the basis for its extensive application.     

地震电子测震仪的脉冲初动特征的探讨

地震观测质量与测震仪器本身性能密切相关。本文主要讨论观测仪器的脉冲初动特征,对我国地震台站上使用的几种测震仪器记录的地震波初动作了比较,给出了脉冲暂态特征与测震仪器频带之间的关系。     

确定桩承载力的脉冲位移法

本文拟在微幅振动试验中进行桩承载力的理论分析并在实用条件的基础上，介绍一种简易试验分析方法即脉冲位移法，为工程建设服务。     

近断层地震动脉冲特性对设备-结构耦合隔震体系响应的影响

基于设备?结构耦合隔震体系模型,选取了50条近断层脉冲型地震波,以脉冲周期与结构基本周期比T_P/T＝1为分界线,分析了周期比和脉冲能量对结构响应的影响,并对穿零次数小于等于5的隔震层位移比与周期比和脉冲能量的关系进行了拟合。结果表明:脉冲特性对结构的影响主要与周期比T_P/T和脉冲能量有关,同时也需考虑速度脉冲对应的加速度曲线穿零次数的影响;此外,设备响应与顶层楼面加速度直接相关,与近断层地震动的脉冲特性则无明显相关性。      

Neural network analysis of overturning response under near-fault type excitation

Under strong seismic excitation, a rigid block will uplift from its support and undergo rocking oscillations which may lead to （complete） overturning. Numerical and analytical solutions to this highly nonlinear vibration problem are first highlighted in the paper and then utilized to demonstrate how sensitive the overturning behavior is not only to the intensity and frequency content of the base motion, but also to thc presence of strong pulses, to their detailed sequence, and even to their asymnletry. Five idealised pulses capable of representing ＂rupture-directivity＂ and ＂fling＂ affected ground motions near the fault, are utilized to this end ： the one-cycle sinus, the one-cycle cosinus, the Ricker wavelet, the truncated （T）-Ricker wavelet, and the rectangular pulse ＂Overturning-Acceleration Amplification＂ and ＂Rotation＂ spectra are introduced and presented. Artificial neural network modeling is then developed as an alternative numerical solution. The neural network analysis leads to closed-form expressions for predicting the overturning failure or survival of a rigid block, as a function of its geometric properties and the characteristics of the excitation time history. The capability of the developed neural network modeling is validated through comparisons with the numerical solution. The derived analytical expressions could also serve as a tool for assessing the destructiveness of near-fault ground motions, for structures sensitive to rocking with foundation uplift.     

Effect of source parameters on forward-directivity velocity pulse for vertical strike slip fault in half space

It has been found that the large velocity pulse is one of the most important characteristics of near-fault strong ground motions. Some statistical relationships between pulse period and the moment magnitude for near-fault strong ground motions have been established by Somerville （1998）; Alavi and Krawinkler （2000）; and Mavroeidis and Papageorgiou （2003）, where no variety of rupture velocity, fault depth, and fault distance, etc. were considered. Since near-fault ground motions are significantly influenced by the rupture process and source parameters, the effects of some source parameters on the amplitude and the period ofa forward-directivity velocity pulse in a half space are analyzed by the finite difference method combined with the kinematic source model in this paper. The study shows that the rupture velocity, fault depth, position of the initial rupture point and distribution of asperities are the most important parameters to the velocity pulse. Generally, the pulse period decreases and the pulse amplitude increases as the rupture velocity increases for shallow crustal earthquakes. In a definite region besides the fault trace, the pulse period increases as the fault depth increases. For a uniform strike slip fault, rupture initiating from one end of a fault and propagating to the other always generates a higher pulse amplitude and longer pulse period than in other cases.     

Representation of near-fault pulse-type ground motions

Near-fault ground motions with long-period pulses have been identified as critical in the design of structures. To aid in the representation of this special type of motion, eight simple pulses that characterize the effects of either the fling-step or forward-directivity are considered. Relationships between pulse amplitudes and velocity pulse period for different pulses are discussed. Representative ratios and peak acceleration amplification can exhibit distinctive features depending on variations in pulse duration, amplitude and the selected acceleration pulse shape. Additionally, response spectral characteristics for the equivalent pulses are identified and compared in terms of fixed PGA and PGV, respectively. Response spectra are strongly affected by the duration of pulses and the shape of the basic pulses. Finally, dynamic time history response features of a damped SDOF system subjected to pulse excitations are examined. These special aspects of pulse waveforms and their response spectra should be taken into account in the estimation of ground motions for a project site close to a fault.     

气枪震源激发模式及应用

气枪震源是一种重要的人工地震震源。气枪阵列理论的提出,使得气枪阵列设计技术日趋成熟,并能够在石油勘探和地球物理探测中得到更加广泛的运用。气枪震源在不同领域中应用时,需要不同的组合和激发模式,以适应不同的探测要求。加强主脉冲和加强气泡脉冲,是目前两种主要的气枪激发模式。通过比较研究两种气枪激发模式,讨论各种激发模式在激发时间、气枪间距、频率、分辨率等方面的差异,为气枪震源的广泛运用提供依据。     

IC-D新型脉冲标定电路的设计与应用——华北地区遥测地震台网联网论文续七

介绍了一种适用于遥测地震台网台站钟控脉冲标定的IC-D新型脉冲标定电路.     

IC—D新型脉冲标电路的设计与应用：华北地区遥测地震台网联网论文续七

介绍了一种适用于遥测地震网台站钟控脉冲标定的ＩＣ－Ｄ新型脉冲标定电路。