信息技术时代的企业区位研究(英文)

The wide application of information and communication technologies(ICTs) has been argued to be critical to spatial transformation of firms.Recent advances in the studies along this line have challenged traditional location theory.The existing literature,however,focuses mainly on the impacts of ICTs on locational conditions and industrial spatial distribution.The dynamics behind such changes have not yet been given sufficient attention by geographers.Given this background,this paper investigates the impact of new ICTs on traditional location theory and the dynamics of industrial re-location that are enabled by new ICTs,based on data collected from an investigation of 178 firms.The paper argues that the application of new ICTs has been a key location factor in the information age,and that the time-cost is becoming critical to the spatial organization of firms,particularly as a result of a shorter product life and mass customization,among other dynamics.     

中国城市公共游憩空间研究重要进展与展望（英文）

As the main sites of urban residents' recreational activity in a mass leisure era, urban public recreational space(UPRS) is the primary component of urban public spatial systems. To satisfy current demands for the construction of livable cities and to meet the challenges of UPRS development in an urbanizing context, a scientific and systematic review of the latest developments in UPRS research is important for developing this field. Based on 1264 papers from the China National Knowledge Internet and the Web of Science from 1985 to 2018, this study examined research developments on UPRS in China. Through a quantitative literature analysis, we divided UPRS-related research in China into three stages of development: the starting period(1985–2000), the growth period(2001–2009), and the consolidation period(2010–2018). Next, we identified nine "hot" research topics on UPRS and reviewed developments in each of these. These topics were the classification of UPRS, spatial structure and layout, comprehensive evaluation, planning and development, the impacts of UPRS development, spatial–temporal evolution laws and mechanisms, space imagery features, sustainable utilization, and governmental decision making on UPRS. We also systematically reviewed the research methods and spatial scales used in UPRS-related studies in China. In response to deficiencies in existing research, we put forward several suggestions regarding future research: Chinese UPRS studies should focus on basic theoretical research; construct a new research system that accounts for Chinese characteristics, based on interdisciplinary and multilevel spatial integration; develop a humanistic philosophy and build management systems for UPRS that can lead to the development of world-class cities based on a global vision.     

西藏冻融侵蚀的分级和评价

Freeze-thaw erosion is the third largest soil erosion type after water erosion and wind erosion. Restricted by many factors, few researches on freeze-thaw erosion have so far been done at home and abroad, especially those on the assessment method of freeze-thaw erosion. Based on the comprehensive analysis of impact factors of free-thaw erosion, this paper chooses six indexes, including the annual temperature range, annual precipitation, slope, aspect, vegetation and soil, to build the model for relative classification of freeze-thaw erosion using weighted and additive methods, and realizes the relative classification of the freeze-thaw erosion in Tibet with the support of GIS software. Then a synthetic assessment of freeze-thaw erosion in Tibet has been carried out according to the relative classification result. The result shows that the distribution of freeze-thaw eroded area is very extensive in Tibet, accounting for 55.3% of the total local land area; the spatial differentiation of freeze-thaw erosion with different intensities is obvious; and the difference in distribution among different regions is also obvious.     

RESOLUTION OF MULTICOMPONENT FLUORESCENT MIXTURES BY ANALYSIS OF THE EXCITATION-EMISSION-FREQUENCY ARRAY

Fluorescence lifetime provides a third independent dimension of information for the resolution of totalluminescence spectra of multicomponent mixtures.The incorporation of this parameter into theexcitation-emission matrix(EEM)by the phase modulation technique results in a three-dimensionalexcitation-emission-frequency array (EEFA).Multicomponent analysis based on the three-dimensionalEEFA brings a qualitative change for the resolved spectra,i.e.individual spectra can be uniquely resolved,which is impossible with any two-dimensional analysis.In this paper we present a method for analyzingthe EEFA.We show mathematically that with the three-dimensional analysis of the EEFA individualspectra and lifetimes can be obtained.Our algorithm is developed in mathematical detail and isdemonstrated by its application to a two-component mixture.     

一种土壤属性制图的曲面建模方法(英文)

High accuracy surface modeling(HASM) is a method which can be applied to soil property interpolation.In this paper,we present a method of HASM combined geographic information for soil property interpolation(HASM-SP) to improve the accuracy.Based on soil types,land use types and parent rocks,HASM-SP was applied to interpolate soil available P,Li,pH,alkali-hydrolyzable N,total K and Cr in a typical red soil hilly region.To evaluate the performance of HASM-SP,we compared its performance with that of ordinary kriging(OK),ordinary kriging combined geographic information(OK-Geo) and stratified kriging(SK).The results showed that the methods combined with geographic information including HASM-SP and OK-Geo obtained a lower estimation bias.HASM-SP also showed less MAEs and RMSEs when it was compared with the other three methods(OK-Geo,OK and SK).Much more details were presented in the HASM-SP maps for soil properties due to the combination of different types of geographic information which gave abrupt boundary for the spatial varia-tion of soil properties.Therefore,HASM-SP can not only reduce prediction errors but also can be accordant with the distribution of geographic information,which make the spatial simula-tion of soil property more reasonable.HASM-SP has not only enriched the theory of high accuracy surface modeling of soil property,but also provided a scientific method for the ap-plication in resource management and environment planning.     

土地利用动态变化的空间测算模型研究

The spatial calculating analysis model is based on GIS overlay. It will compartmentalize the land in research district into three spatial types: unchanged parts, converted parts and increased parts.By this method we can evaluate the numerical model and dynamic degree model for calculating land-use change rates. Furthermore, the paper raises the possibility of revising the calculating analysis model of spatial information in order to predicate more precisely the dynamic changing level of all types of land uses. In the most concrete terms, the model is used mainly to understand changed area and changed rates (increasing or decreasing) of different land types from microcosmic angle and establish spatial distribution and spatio-temporal principles of the changing urban lands. And we will try to find out why the situation can take place by combining social and economic situations. The result indicates the calculating analysis model of spatial information can derive more accurate procedure of spatial transference and increase of all kinds of land from microcosmic angle. By this model and technology we can conduct the research of land-use spatio-temporal structure evolution more systematically and more deeply, and can obtain a satisfactory result. The result will benefit the rational planning and management of urban land use of developed coastal areas in China in the future.     

黄土高原遥感分类应用研究

Due to complex terrain of the Loess Plateau, the classification accuracy is unsatisfactory when a single supervised classification is used in the remote sensing investigation of the sloping field. Taking the loess hill and gully area of northern Shaanxi Province as a test area, a research was conducted to extract sloping field and other land use categories by applying an integrated classification. Based on an integration of supervised classification and unsupervised classification, sampling method is remarkably improved. The results show that the classification accuracy is satisfactory by the method and is of critical significance in obtaining up-to-date information of the sloping field, which should be helpful in the state key project of converting fiumland to forest and grassland on slope land in this area. This research sought to improve the appfication accuracy of image classification in complex terrain areas.     

Results of recent Pacific-Arctic ice-ocean modeling studies at the Naval Postgraduate School

Summary of results from a high-resolution pan-Arctic ice-ocean model are presented for the northern North Pacific,Bering,Chukchi,and Beaufort seas. The main focus is on the mean circulation,communication from the Gulf of Alaska across the Bering Sea into the western Arctic Ocean and on mesoscale eddy activity within several important ecosystems.Model results from 1979-2004 are compared to observations whenever possible.The high spatial model resolution at 1/12o(or～9- km) in the horizontal and 45 levels in the vertical direction allows for representation of eddies with diameters as small as 36 km.However,we believe that upcoming new model integrations at even higher resolution will allow us to resolve even smaller eddies .This is especially important at the highest latitudes where the Rossby radius of deformation is as small as 10 km or less.     

近5年青海省植被覆盖变化的遥感监测

This paper used five years （2001-2006） time series of MODIS NDVI images with a 1-km spatial resolution to produce a land cover map of Qinghai Province in China. A classification approach for different land cover types with special emphasis on vegetation, especially on sparse vegetation, was developed which synthesized Decision Tree Classification, Supervised Classification and Unsupervised Classification. The spatial distribution and dynamic change of vegetation cover in Qinghai from 2001 to 2006 were analyzed based on the land cover classification map and five grade elevation belts derived from Qinghai DEM. The result shows that vegetation cover in Qinghai in recent five years has been some improved and the area of vegetation was increased from 370,047 km^2 in 2001 to 374,576 km^2 in 2006. Meanwhile, vegetation cover ratio was increased by 0.63%. Vegetation cover ratio in high mountain belt is the largest （67.92%） among the five grade elevation belts in Qinghai Province. The second largest vegetation cover ratio is in middle mountain belt （61.80%）. Next, in the order of the decreasing vegetation cover ratio, the remaining grades are extreme high mountain belt （38.98%）, low mountain belt （25.55%） and flat region belt （15.46%）. The area of middle density grassland in high mountain belt is the biggest （94,003 km^2）, and vegetation cover ratio of dense grassland in middle mountain belt is the highest （32.62%）, and the increased area of dense grassland in high mountain belt is the greatest （1280 km^2）. In recent five years the conversion from sparse grass to middle density grass in high mountain belt has been the largest vegetation cover variation and the converted area is 15931 km^2.     

Deriving glacier border information based on analysis of decorrelation in SAR interferometry

Variations of glaciers are important parameters for monitoring glacial change. Although optical remote sensing method can extract variations of glaciers effectively and accurately in cloudless regions, these variations are difficult to extract in cloudy conditions and bad weather. In this paper, a new method is presented, based on the decorrelation of repeat SAR interferometry, to extract the variations of glaciers. This method uses the decorrelation of the inland glacier＇s surface to extract the variation of glacier by comparing the coherence of the glacier and land cover in threshold values. For validation of this method, we compared classification results with that derived from TM images. An accuracy of better than 89% can be achieved if we consider the classification result from TM image as the ground truth. Results show that this method provides an effective way to identify icy areas from the coherent image.     

The application of very high resolution satellite image in urban vegetation cover investigation: a case study of Xiamen City

With the technological improvements of satellite sensors, we will acquire more information about the earth so that we have reached a new application epoch of observation on earth environmental change and cartography. But with the enhancement of spatial resolution, some questions have arisen in the application of using traditional image processing and classification methods. Aiming for such questions, we studied the application of IKONOS very high resolution image (1 m) in Xiamen City on Urban Vegetation Cover Investigation and discussed the difference between the very high resolution image and traditional low spatial resolution image at classification, information abstraction etc. It is an advantageous test for the large-scale application of very high resolution data in the future.     

应用高精度卫星图像进行城市植被覆盖调查:以厦门市为例

With the technological improvements of satellite sensors, we will acquire more informationabout the earth so that we have reached a new application epoch of observation on earthenvironmental change and cartography. But with the enhancement of spatial resolution, somequestions have arisen in the application of using traditional image processing and classificationmethods. Aiming for such questions, we studied the application of IKONOS very high resolutionimage (1 m) in Xiamen City on Urban Vegetation Cover Investigation and discussed the differencebetween the very high resolution image and traditional low spatial resolution image at classification,information abstraction etc. It is an advantageous test for the large-scale application of very highresolution data in the future.     

高分辨率遥感在城市发展动态监测中的应用

与传统的遥感影像相比，高分辨率遥感影像有着空间分辨率高、时间分辨率高、信息量大、所包含的地物的几何和纹理信息更加明显、能提取地物三维信息等优点。城市中的研究对象多属于一些尺寸相对较小且空间信息较为重要的地物，再加上已形成一套全新的面向对象的高分辨率遥感数据的处理和信息提取方法。这使得高分辨率遥感技术成为城市发展动态监测以及相关信息提取的最有效手段。动态监测中获得的数据还进一步运用于城市规划布局、市容市政管理、城市生态环境保护、城市交通建设规划、城市防震减灾以及数字交通和数字城市的建设等诸多方面。     

卫星图像中不同水体类型识别研究

在具有高空间分辨率特性的图像上,城市中大型建筑物、道路、河流、湖泊和其他人工地物形状特征和纹理特征清晰可辨。针对高分辨率卫星图像的特点,文章以水体类型识别为例,从卫星数字图像目标地物波谱特征抽取入手,通过图像分类,将水体从背景中分离并予以识别,同时实现像素重组。在区域分割与边界跟踪基础上,对卫星图像进行水体形状特征的抽取与描述,实现不同水体类型的识别。     

基于ASTER影像的近海水产养殖信息自动提取方法

水产养殖地已经成为海洋环境监测的热点目标之一。采用具有高光谱分辨率和较高空间分辨率(15m)的ASTER遥感影像,以九龙江河口地区为研究示范区,进行近海水产养殖信息的自动提取方法研究。结果表明,利用ASTER影像的光谱信息和水产养殖地的纹理结构信息,可以实现近海水产养殖地的自动提取。先利用监督分类方法提取混淆有其他水体的水产养殖信息,采用邻域分析来增强水产养殖地的空间纹理信息。通过综合监督分类和水产养殖地空间纹理增强的结果,在专家决策分类器中建立决策规则,进行水产养殖地的自动提取,提取的精度达93%。     

遥感图像纹理信息提取方法综述

纹理是遥感图像的重要特征，它提示了图像中辐射亮度值空间变化的重要信息。要利用图像空间信息提高分类精度，合理而有效地度量纹理至关重要。目前遥感图像纹理信息提取方法主要有：统计描述法、小波变换法、分维分形法和地统计学4类。分别就各种方法的优缺点、适用领域和应用情况进行了阐述，最后展望了遥感图像纹理信息提取方法的发展方向和研究热点。     

基于灰色绝对关联度边缘检测的多源遥感影像加权IHS融合

鉴于IHS变换的融合影像存在光谱扭曲问题,而灰色关联度对图像边缘检测具有局限性,该文将基于灰色绝对关联度的灰色关联分析与IHS变换相结合进行影像融合。采用灰色绝对关联度检测高分辨率影像的边缘点和非边缘点,基于边缘信息确定高分辨率影像和IHS变换后的亮度分量在组合中的权值,最后通过IHS反变换实现影像加权融合。应用该算法分别对多源遥感影像进行融合处理,在提高空间分辨率的同时能够很好地保持多光谱影像的光谱信息,优于传统的IHS融合方法和基于灰色关联度的IHS融合算法。     

基于地质统计学纹理特征的遥感影像分类方法研究

介绍地质统计学的原理与方法,论述了地质统计学应用于遥感影像描述及纹理提取的有效性,并将地质统计学变差函数得到的遥感影像纹理信息与其光谱信息相结合进行遥感影像分类试验,结果表明,辅以地质统计学纹理特征的遥感影像分类方法能够明显提高分类精度.     

基于GF-1与Sentinel-2融合数据的地膜识别方法研究

随着我国地膜使用面积的增加和人们对土壤微塑料污染问题的日益关注,大尺度的地膜遥感识别已成为农业生产管理、土壤污染防治的必要手段。针对地膜光谱反射特征的复杂性以及基于单一遥感影像光谱特征识别方法错分率高等问题,该文以河北省邯郸市邱县为试验区,利用GF-1数据的空间细节与Sentinel-2数据的光谱信息进行NN Diffuse Pan Sharpening融合,据此建立地膜识别的特征矩阵(NDVI、MNDWI、NDBI、IBI、PSI),基于该特征矩阵可实现自动阈值地膜分层分类识别。多种方法的地膜识别结果精度对比表明:多源光学遥感数据融合方法的总体精度为94.87%,Kappa系数达0.89,显著优于基于单一数据源的深度学习法的精度(93.14%)以及基于传统机器学习分类方法的支持向量机(85.91%)和随机森林分类法(86.78%)的精度;通过与Sentinel-2多光谱影像融合,弥补了GF-1数据光谱分辨率低的缺陷,实现了多源数据在地膜识别中的优势互补,可为相关部门农业规划与管理以及生态环境保护等研究提供大尺度、高精度的地膜分布参考数据。     

基于面向对象的城市地物信息提取方法研究

20世纪90年代以来,高空间分辨率遥感影像数据的处理已成为遥感领域中的热点与难点。利用具有人的思维特点的面向对象的信息提取技术,对高分辨率遥感影像中的城市用地进行分类,分析和利用高分辨率影像的空间信息、结构信息与光谱特征等,总结了面向对象解译方法的5个步骤,即影像分割、分类方法的选择、地物种类分类,知识库构建、计算机自动分类。分类结果表明：（1）克服了“椒盐现象”;（2）信息提取的总体精度为92.19％,而且各类地物信息的提取精度均有所提高,特别是利用前期分类的拓扑关系有效提取了城市水体与建筑物阴影。