古尔班通古特沙漠短命植物分布 及其沙面稳定意义

从植被稳定沙面的角度出发,通过2002年对古尔班通古特沙漠南部沙垄表面植物种类、高度和盖度等的系统监测,阐明短命植物在单个沙丘上的时空分布规律。并对气象资料和人类活动扰动沙面后短命植物的自然侵入等进行综合分析,探讨沙面稳定中短命植物的重要作用。研究区总计有45种植物,其中短命植物29种。4月初短命植物萌动出土,在两个月左右的时间完成整个生长发育过程。4、5、6三个月正是北疆沙漠风沙活动强盛期,大部分沙垄表面乔灌木和长营养期草本植物盖度不足10%,而短命植物盖度则分别达到13.9%、40.2% 和14.1%,是古尔班通古特沙漠植被稳定沙面的主要贡献者。对工程行为扰动沙面后的植物恢复调查显示,短命植物是首先入侵的先锋植物。     

古尔班通古特沙漠生境对植物群落格局的影响

This paper reports a geomorphologic landscape investigation, vegetation survey and soil sampling at 14 sites across the Gurbantunggut Desert between 87°37′09"-88°24′04"E and 44°14′04"-45°41′52′Nl. The study encountered 8 species of low trees and shrubs, 5 of perennial herbs, 8of annual plants and 48 of ephemeral and ephemeroid plants. These species of plants represent one-third of the species found in the Gurbantunggut Desert, and their communities make up a large proportion of desert vegetation with great landscape significance. In the investigation we found that the plant communities are accordingly succeeded with the spatial variation of macro-ecoenvironment.Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Correlation Analysis (CA) we found that the micro-ecoenvironment heterogeneity of aeolian sandy soil′s physical and chemical properties such as soil nutrient, soil moisture, soil salt, pH etc. only impacted the diversity of herb synusia (PIEherb) of the desert, with a negative correlation. Meanwhile, the impact of microhabitat on the plant community pattern with an antagonistic interaction made vegetation′s eco-distribution in a temporary equilibrium.     

山西省湿地植物CSR策略的空间分布格局及其与气候因子的关系

山西省位于黄河中游,黄土高原东部,生态区位十分重要。山西省湿地植物对湿地生境的变化敏感,但对湿地植物功能性状综合性,对其生态策略、空间分布格局及与气候变化的耦合研究尚不充分。本研究运用植物的竞争-耐胁迫-自由(CSR)策略,从湿地植物功能性状出发,采用PCA分析和Pearson相关分析,确定山西省湿地植物的主要CSR策略类型,研究湿地不同对策类型的空间分布格局和其与气候因子的关系,探究物种丰富度与植物CSR策略的关系。结果表明：(1)山西省湿地植物的CSR策略主要为C策略植物、CS策略植物和SR策略植物。(2)C策略植物与海拔极显著非线性相关(P<0.001),与经度极显著负相关(P<0.001),与纬度极显著非线性相关(P<0.001);CS策略植物与纬度负相关(P<0.05);SR策略植物与海拔(P<0.01)和纬度(P<0.05)正相关。(3)C策略植物与年均温(P<0.001)和降水季节变异(P<0.001)之间存在极显著非线性相关关系;CS策略植物与年降水量正相关(P<0.01),与气温季节变异负相关(P<0.01)...     

福建省维管束植物物种多样性及其分布格局

截至2011年7月,福建省发现的维管束植物有250科1611属4839种（含亚、变种）,是中国植物多样性较为丰富的省份之一．福建维管束植物主要集中分布在武夷山脉和戴云山脉地区,其中武夷山脉北段具有物种丰富度高、特有种多等特点,是中国11个具有全球意义的生物多样性保护的关键区之一．武夷山脉中段是福建省自然保护区分布最为密集的区域,也是福建省植物物种多样性最为丰富的地区．以福建戴云山国家级自然保护区为核心的戴云山脉中段,分布着大面积的南亚热带季风常绿阔叶林,有着丰富的植物多样性,位于戴云山脉南段的博平岭则是福建省南亚热带雨林森林生态系统的典型分布区,其植物种类在福建省植物物种多样性中独树一帜．分布在福建滨海湿地的维管束植物虽然种类不多,但地域特色显著,是福建维管束植物的重要组成部分．     

福建省维管束植物物种多样性及其分布格局

截至2011年7月,福建省发现的维管束植物有250科1611属4839种（含亚、变种）,是中国植物多样性较为丰富的省份之一．福建维管束植物主要集中分布在武夷山脉和戴云山脉地区,其中武夷山脉北段具有物种丰富度高、特有种多等特点,是中国11个具有全球意义的生物多样性保护的关键区之一．武夷山脉中段是福建省自然保护区分布最为密集的区域,也是福建省植物物种多样性最为丰富的地区．以福建戴云山国家级自然保护区为核心的戴云山脉中段,分布着大面积的南亚热带季风常绿阔叶林,有着丰富的植物多样性,位于戴云山脉南段的博平岭则是福建省南亚热带雨林森林生态系统的典型分布区,其植物种类在福建省植物物种多样性中独树一帜．分布在福建滨海湿地的维管束植物虽然种类不多,但地域特色显著,是福建维管束植物的重要组成部分．     

未来气候变化对7种荒漠植物分布的潜在影响

利用CART(classification and regression tree,分类和回归树)模型,采用A2和B2气候情景,分析了气候变化对百花蒿、红砂、灌木亚菊、灌木小甘菊、戈壁藜、瓣鳞花和白梭梭分布范围及空间格局的影响.结果显示:气候变化下,就目前适宜分布范围,这些植物都呈现缩小趋势;就新适宜及总适宜分布范围,...     

中国珍稀濒危植物物种丰富度空间分布格局

利用中国373种珍稀濒危植物的县域分布、海拔分布以及生境信息获得物种的空间分布范围,探讨了中国珍稀濒危植物物种以及特有种的空间分布格局。通过物种丰富度及物种分布所占面积比定权,以ArcGIS为平台,采用克里金插值法(Kriging)模拟得出中国珍稀濒危植物的8个丰富度分布中心:东喜马拉雅沿横断山脉至秦岭、小兴安岭至长白山一线、滇南沿边境至广西南端、湖南、湖北和重庆交界处的大巴山、湖南、广西、贵州3省交界的雪峰山地区、黄山向南至武夷山一线、海南岛与台湾岛。     

植物气候生态位及三维空间分布的图示化--以水青冈属为例

以水青冈属为例,应用多元统计分析方法和原理,借助计算机作图软件,实现了植物分布在综合气候因素中的直观表达,使不同物种的气候生态位的比较成为可能,应用空间统计学方法和原理,在计算机空间分析软件和作图功能的支持下,实现了植物三维空间分布的表达。     

闽江下游湿地植物硅素空间分布特征及其影响因素

为研究闽江下游沿岸湿地植物硅素的分布特征及其影响因素,以闽江下游沿线湿地为研究对象,于2019年10月设置6个采样点,对植物生物硅含量及储量分配比、植物根冠比和硅素转移系数进行测定分析.结果表明:(1)闽江下游植物枯体生物硅含量普遍较高(6.88～70.60 mg·g-1),地下根系生物硅含量普遍较低(2.02～16....     

Distribution of ephemeral plants and their significance in dune stabilization in Gurbantunggut Desert

Based on systematically monitoring plants on dune ridges in the southern part of the Gurbantunggut Desert in 2002, this paper, from the angle of dune stabilization by vegetation, describes the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of ephemeral plants on isolated sand dunes, analyses the natural invasion processes of ephemeral plants on human-disturbed sand surface and expounds the importance of ephemeral plants in stabilizing sand dune surface. A total of 45 plant species were identified in the study area, 29 of which are ephemeral plants. Ephemeral plants sprouted in early April and completed their life-circle within about two months. Just as aeolian sand activities came to the strongest stage from April to June in desert regions of northern Xinjiang, the total coverage of trees, shrubs and herbs of long vegetational period on most dune ridges was less than 10%, while the mean coverage of ephemeral plants reached 13.9% in April, 40.2% in May and 14.1% in June. Therefore ephemeral plants acted as the major contributor to dune surface stabilization in the Gurbantunggut Desert. Investigations of vegetation restoration on engineering-disturbed dune surface show that ephemeral plants first recolonized the disturbed dune surface.     

放牧对古尔班通古特沙漠南部半固定沙垄地表性质的影响

Intensive grazing in spring-summer has been responsible for environmental deg- radation of the Gurbantunggut Desert in recent years. The coverage of plants and biological crusts, sand surface stability and physicochemical characteristics of soil on the dune surface were conducted in 2002 (winter grazing) and 2005 (spring-summer grazing). The results showed that over 80% of the total area of the dune surface was covered by well-developed biological crusts and plants in 2002, when the interdune and middle to lower part of dune slopes were stabilized and only the crest had 10-40 m wide mobile belt. Affected by spring-summer grazing in 2005, over 80% of the total cover of biological crust was destructed and the plant coverage only reached 1/5 of that in 2002, especially the ephemeral plant cover had a great change. The value of sand transport potential in 2005 only reached 1/3 of that in 2002, but the total surface activity in 2005 was 1.6 times stronger than that in 2002. Mean- while the mobile area began to expand from the dune top to the whole dune surface following spring-summer grazing. Compared with 2002, medium sand content of the dune surface soil increased by 13.9%, while that of fine and very fine sands decreased by 7.4% and 8.0% re- spectively in 2005 and the soil organic matter in 2005 was only about 1/2 of that in 2002. It is obvious that the presence of snow cover and frozen soil in winter could avoid the surface structure destruction in winter, while spring--summer grazing made excessive damage to biologic crusts and ephemeral plants. Spring is the main windy season in Gurbantunggut Desert and therefore intensive activity of dune surface occurred following spring-summer grazing, which led to a great loss of fine sand and organic matter. It can be seen that grazing season have a significant influence on the sustainable development of the desert ecosystem in Northwest China.     

Effects of spring–summer grazing on longitudinal dune surface in southern Gurbantunggut Desert

Intensive grazing in spring–summer has been responsible for environmental degradation of the Gurbantunggut Desert in recent years. The coverage of plants and biological crusts, sand surface stability and physicochemical characteristics of soil on the dune surface were conducted in 2002 (winter grazing) and 2005 (spring–summer grazing). The results showed that over 80% of the total area of the dune surface was covered by well-developed biological crusts and plants in 2002, when the interdune and middle to lower part of dune slopes were stabilized and only the crest had 10–40 m wide mobile belt. Affected by spring–summer grazing in 2005, over 80% of the total cover of biological crust was destructed and the plant coverage only reached 1/5 of that in 2002, especially the ephemeral plant cover had a great change. The value of sand transport potential in 2005 only reached 1/3 of that in 2002, but the total surface activity in 2005 was 1.6 times stronger than that in 2002. Meanwhile the mobile area began to expand from the dune top to the whole dune surface following spring–summer grazing. Compared with 2002, medium sand content of the dune surface soil increased by 13.9%, while that of fine and very fine sands decreased by 7.4% and 8.0% respectively in 2005 and the soil organic matter in 2005 was only about 1/2 of that in 2002. It is obvious that the presence of snow cover and frozen soil in winter could avoid the surface structure destruction in winter, while spring–summer grazing made excessive damage to biologic crusts and ephemeral plants. Spring is the main windy season in Gurbantunggut Desert and therefore intensive activity of dune surface occurred following spring–summer grazing, which led to a great loss of fine sand and organic matter. It can be seen that grazing season have a significant influence on the sustainable development of the desert ecosystem in Northwest China.     

古尔班通古特沙漠西南缘新月形沙丘内部沉积构造特征研究

沙丘内部沉积构造保存了沙丘动力演变过程的重要信息。以古尔班通古特沙漠西南缘固定、半固定新月形沙丘区为研究区域,利用探地雷达在春、秋两季对固定、半固定新月形沙丘内部构造进行探测,获取了不同规模形态的固定、半固定新月形沙丘深约8 m的内部构造图像信息。通过图像增益处理、解译和对比分析表明：（1） 古尔班通古特沙漠固定、半固定新月形沙丘共有5种沙丘内部构造雷达相,即高倾角斜层理、楔状交错层理、上凸形交错层理、低倾角-近水平层理和块状层理,其中前4种主要分布在3~5 m的浅层,而块状层理主要分布在4~5 m以下的深度。（2） 高倾角斜层理、楔状交错层理主要分布在高大新月形沙丘（链）的迎风坡上部和丘顶地带,前者为背风坡前积层埋藏而成,反映高大新月形沙丘迎风坡上部和丘顶风沙活动较频繁,沙丘“固身缩顶”后埋藏的前积纹层因风蚀而出露,后者为迎风坡风蚀坑和风蚀槽中由风沙流充填而成的构造或在丘顶风向的季节性变化形成的构造。（3） 与灌丛沙丘相关的上凸形交错层理广泛分布在新月形沙丘的迎风坡中下部,在背风坡也有局部出现,表明灌丛沙丘在沙丘表层的风沙过程中占有重要地位;而深部的块状层理可能是早期风积层受到强烈的生物扰动,原生层理消失而产生。（4） 以上沙丘内部构造的类型与组合分布特点,反映了研究区新月形沙丘总体上趋于稳定或衰退状态,这与现代沙丘“固身缩顶”的地貌变化特征相一致。例如,迎风坡中上部和丘顶常见风蚀槽,背风坡因坡度变缓、前积层发育趋缓,现代风沙活动主要集中于新月形沙丘的上部和丘顶等。由此可见,研究区固定、半固定新月形沙丘内部构造及其组合分布特征异于流动新月形沙丘,也与半个多世纪以来北疆沙漠气候变暖变湿、平均风速减弱、植被盖度增加的区域自然地理环境变化趋势有一定的吻合性。     

古尔班通古特沙漠纵向沙垄植被空间异质性

在古尔班通古特沙漠南部纵向沙垄上按5 m×10 m的网格测度植被样方100个,采集浅层风沙土样品184件。调查发现,乔灌木层片和草本层片的分布及相互关系明显受沙垄地形影响,并且在干旱环境下种群间的竞争和空间上的互补使两层片生态优势度具有显著的相关性。地统计分析结果显示,纵向沙垄上植被空间异质性表现为木本层片的物种多样性呈斑块状分布,草本层片物种多样性呈现平行沙垄的带状结构和斑块结构叠加的特点,而植被盖度则在垂直沙垄走向的方向上具有强烈的梯度性变化。和沙垄土壤理化性质空间格局特征相对比,植被盖度及物种多样性与风沙土浅层含水量在自相关空间（变程）及空间异质性程度上比较接近。这是纵向沙垄小生态系统中草本植物和浅层土壤水分耦合关系在空间上的反映,也是木本植物对水分和土壤资源在小尺度（m）上竞争及中小尺度（10～100 m）上互补的结果。     

Distribution of plant species and species-soil relationship in the east central Gurbantunggut Desert,China

The distribution of plant species and relationships between species and soil factors in the east central part of Gurbantunggut Desert was studied to provide more insight into the flora and determine differences in vegetation across various parts of the desert. Two-way Cluster Analysis showed that the vegetation in the area could be divided into three groups, the first group was dominated by the shrub species, Ephedra przewalskii and the grass species, Carex physodes mainly in areas of flat grounds and gentle slopes; the second group was dominated by C. physodes, Artemisia songorica and A. xerophytica mainly on the slope of sand dunes and the third group was dominated by the shrub species, Haloxylon persicum mainly on the top of sand dunes. There was no difference in plant density between Groups 1 and 2 but there was a significant decrease in Group 3. Soil water under vegetation Group 3 was much lower than that in the other two groups at all soil depths. The EC, organic matter, total P and soluble Na, Ca and Mg varied very similarly with soil water. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) satisfactorily assessed the species-soil relations in the area. The distribution of plant species was strongly correlated with the soil factors of water content, organic matter, EC and nutrients. The variations in species occurrence explained by the three CCA axes were about 70%, indicating that some explanatory site variables may exist outside our studied parameters. Soil texture is suggested to be included in future studies to improve the explanation of CCA.     

古尔班通古特沙漠腹地土壤水分动态

采用土钻法对古尔班通古特沙漠腹地典型自然沙垄剖面土壤含水量进行长期监测.采取多重比较(LSD)、典型相关分析(MANOVA)、并在国内第一次采用季节交乘趋势等统计方法,对土壤水分与环境因子的关系进行分析,研究结果表明:土壤含水量时间变化规律分为补给期、失水期和冻结滞水期.土壤含水量均值为补给期>冻结滞水期>失水期,变异系数为补给期>冻结滞水期>失水期;土壤含水量空间变化规律表现为:阴阳坡间具有极显著差异(P<0.01,F=0.002 9).垄间分别与坡中、垄顶具有显著性差异(P<0.05).垂直变化分为活跃层、过渡层和稳定层,活跃层与其他土层间均有显著性差异(P<0.05),土壤含水量均值为阴坡>阳坡,垄顶>垄间>坡中.活跃层>过渡层和稳定层;变异系数为阴坡>阳坡,垄间>坡中>垄顶,活跃层>过渡层>稳定层;降雨量和温度是影响研究区土壤水分时间分布变化的重要影响因子,同时也是土壤含水量变化的决定性影响因子,与土壤含水量具有显著相关性(P<0.05,F=0.02).     

中国古尔班通古特沙漠东部中心地区植物分布与植物—土壤关系(英文)

The distribution of plant species and relationships between species and soil factors in the east central part of Gurbantunggut Desert was studied to provide more insight into the flora and determine differences in vegetation across various parts of the desert. Two-way Cluster Analysis showed that the vegetation in the area could be divided into three groups, the first group was dominated by the shrub species, Ephedra przewalskii and the grass species, Carex physodes mainly in areas of flat grounds and gentle slopes; the second group was dominated by C. physodes, Artemisia songorica and A. xerophytica mainly on the slope of sand dunes and the third group was dominated by the shrub species, Haloxylon persicum mainly on the top of sand dunes. There was no difference in plant density between Groups 1 and 2 but there was a significant decrease in Group 3. Soil water under vegetation Group 3 was much lower than that in the other two groups at all soil depths. The EC, organic matter, total P and soluble Na, Ca and Mg varied very similarly with soil water. Canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) satisfactorily assessed the species-soil relations in the area. The distribution of plant species was strongly correlated with the soil factors of water content, organic matter, EC and nutrients. The variations in species occurrence explained by the three CCA axes were about 70%, indicating that some explanatory site variables may exist outside our studied parameters. Soil texture is suggested to be included in future studies to improve the explanation of CCA.     

古尔班通古特沙漠南部风沙土性状在沙垄尺度上的空间变异

在新疆古尔班通古特沙漠南部纵向沙垄上,按5 m×5 m的网格采集浅层风沙土组合样品184件,调查植被样方100个,并测试了风沙土质地、pH、盐分、含水量、全N含量和有机质含量等理化性状。研究发现:受沙垄地貌和植被格局的影响,风沙土性状具有中等到强烈的空间相关性,空间依赖范围(变程)介于21.3~74.8m,大致对应着单一沙垄宽度或垄间地-沙垄-垄间地的地貌单元宽度。利用地统计分析求得不同取样尺度上的分维D。风沙土质地(粒径、平均粒径、分选系数)和盐分(电导率)及养分(有机质和全N含量)在0~40m的取样间隔下,D较大,空间变异程度基本处于中高水平;在90~150m的取样间隔下,D骤减,空间异质性大大增强。风沙土含水量的空间变异强度曲线为几段式形态,并且分维依次递减。