电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定绿茶中的铬量和铅量

样品经微波消解,用电感耦合等离子质谱法(ICP-MS)测定绿茶中铬、铅的含量。在选定条件下,检出限铬为0.039ng/mL,铅为0.024ng/mL;精密度RSD:铬小于10%(Cr 10~20μg/g),铅小于25%(Pb 1μg/g);加标回收率铬为93.3%~111.5%,铅为95.3%~117.0%。方法准确、可靠,满足检测要求。     

亮绿SF-过氧化氢体系催化动力学光度法测定痕量钒

在硫酸介质中,痕量钒(Ⅴ)能明显催化过氧化氢氧化亮绿SF褪色,通过研究该反应的最佳实验条件和动力学参数,建立了测定痕量钒的新催化动力学光度法。该方法选择性强、操作简便、快速,其线性范围为0.0~40ng/mL,检出限为5.2ng/L。方法用于水样及茶叶中痕量钒(Ⅴ)的测定,结果满意。     

大体积进样液相色谱法测定地表水中的阿特拉津

建立地表水中痕量阿特拉津的液相色谱快速分析方法。利用大体积进样技术和样品的柱上聚焦现象,降低了该方法的检出限、提高了分析的灵敏度;阿特拉津在0.10~10 ng/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好,方法检出限为0.03 ng/mL,地表水样的加标回收率在96.7~98.0%之间,相对标准偏差小于1.9%。该方法操作简单、灵敏度高,适合地表水中痕量阿特拉津物质的快速分析。     

微分电位溶出分析法测定痕量铅

铅是对人体有害的元素之一,近年来引起人们极大的关注.测定微量铅的报导较多,本文用氯乙酸—氯化钠作支持电解质,微分电位溶出分析法(DPSA)测定痕量铅,检出限为2.6ng/ml,5～100ng/ml的铅与溶出峰高具有良好的线性关系.加入十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和乳化剂—OP等表面活性剂,不仅提高分析灵敏度,而且也增加了汞膜的使用寿命.测定地质、人发及天然水样中痕量铅,结果令人满意.     

土壤中重金属有效态分析方法研究

土壤中重金属的不同形态决定了对于生物的有效性。自然界的重金属元素参与生态迁移能够被生物吸收利用的部分为生物有效态。土壤重金属可交换态的研究可以为其生物有效态研究提供参考。本文对于土壤中砷、汞、铬、镉、铅和铊的酸溶态、络合态和盐溶态这几种单一提取方式的可交换态的分析方法进行了研究比较,以其提取效率高的为有效态的表现方式,以p H值7.5为土壤酸碱度的界限,建立了土壤中的砷、汞、铬、镉、铅和铊在不同酸碱度下的分析方法。本方法的Cr的方法检出限为4.65ng/g;Cd的方法检出限为0.49ng/g;Pb的方法检出限为9.73ng/g;As的方法检出限为21.89ng/g;Hg的方法检出限为0.30ng/g;Tl的方法检出限为0.54ng/g。采用GBW7412,GBW7413,GBW7416这三个国家一级标准物质样品测得的方法精密度范围6.01%~19.3%。本方法适用于土地质量评估的要求。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定地下水中硼溴碘

建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定地下水中B、Br、I的方法。选定φ=2%(体积分数)的稀NH3.H2O介质消除碘的记忆效应。采用干扰较少的10B和79Br同位素。B、Br、I在0~10 000 ng/mL呈良好的线性关系。方法的检出限为10B 0.176 ng/mL,79Br 0.876ng/mL,127I 0.132 ng/mL;精密度(RSD,n=12)为10B 2.86%,79Br 3.36%,127I 2.69%;10B的阶梯加标回收率为94.6%~101.5%,79Br为98.3%~104.9%,127I为96.5%~102.0%。     

江西德兴斑岩铜矿成矿物质来源的实验研究

在江西德兴斑岩铜矿的野外地质、地球化学研究工作的基础上,采用该矿床围岩——前震旦系九岭群九都组的变质岩作为实验试料,在250—400℃和200×10~5—500×10~5Pa的压力下,与不同酸度(pH=1.5—4.5)、不同浓度(0.1255M—1.00M)的钠、钾、氯和氟化物等水溶液持续120—480h的相互作用,其结果从变质岩中活化出铜29.01—1654.24mg/mL,最高达22685.00ng/mL;钼200.00—2720.00ng/mL,最高达9990.00ng/mL;铅34.90—106.20ng/mL,最高达271.90ng/mL;锌20.00—800.00ng/mL,最高达3200.00ng/mL,它们构成了成矿热液。实验证实了前震旦系九岭群九都组是德兴斑岩铜矿铜、钼、铅、锌的矿源层。     

在线氢化物发生原子荧光法测定环境样品中痕量锑

建立了一个在线氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法直接测定土壤和天然水中痕量锑的分析方法。设计了微型在线氢化物发生器及操作程序。选择了氢化物发生的各项最佳条件。方法检出限为0.084ng/mL,工作曲线在0～30ng/mL内呈良好的线性,经标准物质分析验证,测定结果与标准值吻合,水样中的回收率在92.8%～106.9%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)<4.8%。     

超高效液相色谱法检测地下水中苯并(a)芘

通过对荧光检测器波长、色谱柱温的选择,建立了超高效液相色谱测定地下水中苯并(a)芘的简便方法。采用Acquity C18色谱柱,流动相为甲醇,流速为0.40 mL/min,方法线性范围为0.082~200 ng/mL,检出限为0.033 ng/mL。在此分析条件下,苯并(a)芘保留时间仅为0.61 min。应用超高效液相色谱法和高效液相色谱法对地下水中苯并(a)芘的测定结果进行比较,超高效液相色谱在分析速度、分辨率和灵敏性方面,特别是在节省时间与溶剂消耗上具有显著的理论优势。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铅合金中的微量杂质元素镉和锡

铅合金中的镉和锡由于含量较低,国家标准方法均为单一元素分析,步骤繁琐,检出限高,难以达到理想的检出要求。本文建立了应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定铅合金中微量级(μg/g级)杂质元素镉和锡的分析方法。采用单一的低浓度硝酸溶解铅合金,用低温慢溶的方式使样品溶解更加完全,减少了多离子对仪器的干扰;通过铅基体匹配和加入酒石酸保证了标准与样品介质的一致性,同时避免了锡的水解;以~(103)Rh作为内标元素,~(111)Cd和~(118)Sn作为测量同位素克服了质谱干扰。方法检出限为镉0.05 ng/g、锡0.04 ng/g,比国家标准方法的检出限(1~6μg/g)低,精密度小于4%。该方法试剂用量少,减少了处理样品的复杂性,实现了合金中微量级元素的准确测定。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861