Limit lateral resistance of XCC pile group in undrained soil

Acta Geotechnica - This paper investigates the issue of laterally loaded X-section cast-in-place concrete (XCC) pile group in undrained soil and, in particular, evaluates limit lateral resistance...     

A modified analytical solution of soil stress distribution for XCC pile foundations

X-section cast-in-place concrete pile (XCC pile) is a new type of pile foundation, which has an X-shaped cross section. Compared to the traditional circular pile of the same cross-sectional area, the bearing capacity of an XCC pile is higher due to increased cross-sectional perimeter. Since Geddes solution is based on St. Venant’s principle, leading to the results independent of the cross-sectional geometry and size, large differences are induced when estimating the soil stress distribution for XCC pile foundations. This paper derives a modified analytical solution, which is dependent on the cross-sectional geometry of XCC pile, from Geddes solution. Validation of this modified solution was conducted through three-dimensional numerical analysis and proven more suitable for XCC pile foundations. Parametric study on three geometrical parameters is conducted using this modified solution. The results indicate that the stress in founding soil due to skin friction decreases with increasing pile radius and central angle of concave, but increases with increasing length of flat side. The stress due to end-bearing decreases with increasing pile radius and length of flat side, but increases with increasing central angle of concave. From the parametric studies, the recommended dimensions of XCC pile radius, length of flat side, and central angle of concave are recommended ranges from 200 to 600 mm, 30 to 60 mm, and 90° to 150°, respectively.     

XCC pile installation effect in soft soil ground: A simplified analytical model

This paper presents a simplified analytical model: the X-shaped cylindrical cavity expansion method (XCEM), which can be used to interpret and predict the displacement, stress, and excess pore pressure caused by the X-section cast in place concrete (XCC) pile installation in soft soil. Analytical solutions for the displacement and strain field are obtained with a streamlined solution, base on the strain path method (SPM). The stress and excess pore pressure can then be subsequently determined with the assumption of the elastic-perfectly plastic soil behavior. A positive agreement was found when the theoretical prediction of the displacement, stress, and excess pores pressure was compared against the field measurements. The proposed XCEM improves the conventional cavity expansion method (CEM) and offers a framework for understanding the non-circular cross-section penetrator problem, which is different from the conventional circular penetrator problem.     

A lateral soil resistance model for XCC pile in soft clay considering the effect of the geometry of cross section

In this paper, a series of well-calibrated finite-element analyses are performed to quantify the influence of the geometry of cross section on the load transfer mechanism of X-section Cast-in-place Concrete (XCC) pile under lateral load, aiming to propose a lateral soil resistance model for XCC pile in soft clay. Based on the results of the numerical parametric analysis, the failure mechanism of soil flow and the ultimate lateral soil pressure are investigated to reveal the underlying mechanism that controls the cross-section geometry-dependency response. Finally, a general p-y formula for XCC pile, which can well capture the lateral behavior of XCC pile considering the various cross section geometries, is developed. In addition, compared with the traditional circular cross section pile with the same area, the XCC pile is more effective in terms of resistance to lateral load.

     

不同激振频率下现浇X形桩桩-筏复合地基模型试验研究

基于大比例模型试验,采用能够近似模拟列车单个轮轴荷载的正弦波荷载,在砂土地基中通过开展不同激振频率下X形桩桩-筏复合地基的动力特性模型试验,研究激振频率对X形桩-筏复合地基动力响应的影响。着重分析了不同激振频率引起的X形桩-筏复合地基的速度、动土压力、桩身动应力等,获得了速度响应、桩身动应力随深度的变化规律。结果发现:筏板的速度响应幅值随着激振频率的增加近似呈线性增加;地基表面动土压力和动力荷载放大系数随激振频率的增大而增大,且增幅逐渐加大;桩顶动应力随激振频率的增大而逐渐增大。相关研究成果可为我国高速铁路桩-筏复合地基的理论分析与计算以及动力荷载放大系数的确定提供参考依据。     

抗液化排水刚性桩沉桩过程的土压力响应

抗液化排水刚性桩是一种将刚性桩与竖向排水体相结合的新桩型。基于某建筑桩基工程,开展了抗液化排水刚性桩和不含排水体的普通刚性桩的沉桩对比现场试验,采用了动态土压力传感器实时监测沉桩过程中桩周土体内产生的土压力响应,对比了排水桩与普通桩沉桩对桩周土体水平方向应力及有效应力影响的差异。试验结果表明：抗液化排水刚性桩能够有效减小沉桩过程对桩周深部可液化土体的扰动,在桩身近侧（距桩心0.6 m）深部埋深（-15 m）位置,排水桩的水平土压力响应峰值仅为普通桩的1/4;排水桩能够有效降低沉桩对可液化土层有效应力的影响,使桩周土体更加稳定;在单次沉桩过程中,对于浅部埋深（-5 m）,排水桩对桩周土压力峰值的影响作用较小,对于存在可液化土层的深部埋深（-10、-15 m）,排水桩对土压力峰值的有效影响半径可达4倍桩径。现场试验数据为抗液化排水刚性桩的桩间距选择提供了有力的设计参考依据。     

桩前预留土体对抗滑桩影响的分析与计算研究

本文在前人研究的基础上对桩前土体需要开挖的抗滑桩提出了一种新的计算方法,即似m法。文中将单排抗滑桩分为三类:第一类为桩前土体不开挖,但与抗滑桩分离形成桩后缝隙;第二类为桩前土体不开挖,但与抗滑桩相贴且有抵挡抗滑桩的作用;第三类为桩前土体需要开挖,并对各类抗滑桩给出了相应的设计计算方法。对于第一类抗滑桩可用本文改进的m法和有限线单元法计算;对于第二类抗滑桩考虑桩前抗力值大小后也可用本文改进的m法和有限单元法计算;对于第三类抗滑桩可用本文提出的似m法和改进的有限线单元法计算。通过与实际工程测量值对比分析,得出结论:在抗滑桩工程中对桩的钢筋受力进行实测以推断桩的受力性能,弥补滑坡推力及桩前抗力勘测、分析、计算值可靠性差的弱点。该方法与二维、三维有限元法相比,具有计算方法简单、可靠的特点,值得广泛应用和发展。     

车辆载重与动荷载对X形桩桩-网复合地基动力特性影响的试验研究

基于大比例模型试验,采用半正弦波模拟移动车辆荷载,通过开展不同车辆载重和动荷载作用下X形桩桩-网复合地基的动力特性模型试验,分析桩身动应力、土拱效应、动土压力、垫层应力传递系数、格栅动应变等的变化规律,初步揭示了车辆载重和动荷载对X形桩桩-网复合地基的影响机制。试验结果表明,车辆动荷载对X形桩桩身动应力的影响深度约为2 m;车辆载重和动荷载的增加会导致桩间土承受更多的动应力,并且会降低路肩处土工格栅的作用;但是,路基中心的垫层应力传递系数几乎保持不变;土工格栅的动应变比超过0.048时,格栅累积变形会随着车辆载重和动荷载的增加迅速增大。     

Buckling behaviour of single pile and pile bent in the Scotch Road Bridge

The buckling behaviour of the 360 × 152 steel H-piles supporting the integral abutments of the Scotch Road Bridge, located in Trenton, New Jersey, has been studied for the cases of single pile and pile bent. Three-dimensional finite-element models for single pile and pile bent have been developed to study the behaviour of these fully embedded piles under axial and lateral loading. An iterative analysis based on extracting the eigenvalues and eigenvectors (mode shapes) that correspond to the pile(s) critical buckling loads has been adopted. The pile(s) and the surrounding sand were modelled using solid continuum elements in the finite-element model. Material non-linearity is accounted for in both the piles and the soil in the base state of the model. A parametric study has been utilized to determine the effect of the geometric and material properties of the pile and the surrounding sand on the predicted critical buckling loads of the piles. The effects of four parameters have been studied: soil stiffness, pile length, type of connection, and combining vertical and lateral loads. The results from the parametric study showed that the variation of the percentage change in the sand stiffness, pile length, and combining vertical and lateral loads with the critical buckling loads of the 360 × 152 H-piles is nonlinear. Furthermore, the parameters studied are more influential in affecting the critical buckling load of a single pile than a pile bent, with the exception of the ‘type of connection’ parameter.     

Simulation of pile cap contribution to the lateral pile performance due to adjacent excavation

Acta Geotechnica - Laboratory and field test data on the lateral pile response with caps due to adjacent excavation are rather limited. The current practice for design of capped piles is to...     

多节挤扩钻孔灌注桩及其施工

结合某楼的施工经验,对多节挤扩钻孔灌注桩做了简要介绍,探讨了多节挤扩钻孔灌注桩的施工工艺及其注意事项.     

考虑沉桩效应的群桩非线性荷载-沉降解析

考虑沉桩效应对桩周土体力学特性的影响,采用指数函数型荷载传递曲线分别建立了静压桩的桩侧和桩端荷载传递模型。在此基础上,根据群桩加载过程中桩周土体的变形模式,基于荷载传递法描述桩-土界面的非线性行为,采用剪切位移法考虑群桩之间的相互作用,提出了考虑沉桩效应的群桩非线性荷载-沉降混合计算方法。通过开展离心模型试验对该计算方法解答进行了验证,研究了沉桩效应和桩-土界面非线性特征对群桩承载特性的影响。研究结果表明,沉桩效应对桩周土体起到挤密作用,使得桩周土体的强度和刚度增大,从而提高了群桩的承载特性。群桩加载过程中桩-土界面刚度随沉降变形而逐渐减小,使得群桩荷载-沉降曲线呈现出明显的非线性特征。     

桩埋管参数对渗流下能量桩热-力耦合特性的影响

为获得地下水渗流作用下桩埋管参数对能量桩热-力耦合特性的影响,建立了不同埋管参数的能量桩数值模型,分析了桩埋管数量、埋管布置形式、埋管管径对单位桩深换热量、日换热量、桩截面平均温升、桩身位移增量及桩身附加温度荷载的影响。结果表明：增加埋管数量可以增大能量桩换热量,但也会加剧桩内不同埋管间的热干扰,导致换热性能下降及桩身...     

Longitudinal vibration of a pile embedded in layered soil considering the transverse inertia effect of pile

The dynamic response of a viscoelastic bearing pile embedded in multilayered soil is theoretically investigated considering the transverse inertia effect of the pile. The soil layers surrounding the pile are modeled as a set of viscoelastic continuous media in three-dimensional axisymmetric space, and a simplified model, i.e., the distributed Voigt model, is proposed to simulate the dynamic interactions of the adjacent soil layers. Meanwhile, the pile is assumed to be a Rayleigh–Love rod with material damping and can be divided into several pile segments allowing for soil layers and pile defects. Both the vertical and radial displacement continuity conditions at the soil–pile interface are taken into account. The potential function decomposition method and the variable separation method are introduced to solve the governing equations of soil vibration in which the vertical and radial displacement components are coupled. On this basis, the impedance function at the top of the pile segment is derived by invoking the force and displacement continuity conditions at the soil–pile interface as well as the bottom of pile segment. The impedance function at the pile head is then obtained by means of the impedance function transfer method. By means of the inverse Fourier transform and convolution theorem, the velocity response in the time domain can also be obtained. The reasonableness of the assumptions of the soil-layer interactions have been verified by comparing the present solutions with two published solutions and a set of well-documented measured pile test data. A parametric analysis is then conducted using the present solutions to investigate the influence of the transverse inertia effect on the dynamic response of an intact pile and a defective pile for different design parameters of the soil–pile system.     

大口径桩基工程钻机发展趋势初探

大口径桩基工程钻机因基础工程建设的蓬勃发展而获得迅猛发展,钻井技术和钻机应用水平达到了新的高度.通过对钻机技术的应用分析、钻机生产企业动向进行分析、研究钻机发展趋势,为机械厂桩基工程钻机的研发和产品结构布局提供建议.     

建立桩基工程数据库的初步探讨

利用Microsoft Access作为开发工具，初步建立了数据库、数据表和数据源，通过ODBC和ADOBC控件引用数据源，利用VC 6．0绑定数据库表中的相应数据记录，初步建立了可视化的桩基工程数据管理系统，能够进行数据的增加、删除、修改以及记录查询与数值计算，该系统界面友好、不同界面可以简便切换并包含不同用户所需数据。文中给出了实现所有这些功能的具体过程和主要方法，同时，本文制作了程序发布版与对应帮助文件，可以方便在其他计算机安装和使用。     

复合基桩与桩复合地基的区别

复合基桩和桩复合地基同时考虑了桩和桩间土共同承担荷载的作用。在设计参数时,又都同时采用了桩基础的两个抗力公式,但两者的设计及计算方法上是不同的,应用时不可混淆。     

静压沉桩桩体受力全过程数值分析

沉桩是十分剧烈的桩-土相互作用过程,沉桩过程中桩体受力形态对桩后期承载力和耐久性有重要影响。本文运用有限单元法对静压沉桩进行数值模拟,通过位移控制法实现沉桩,模拟计算沉桩过程中桩土径向压缩和竖向摩擦,对沉桩全过程桩体受力情况进行分析。结果显示,沉桩过程中桩主要承受竖向压应力,尤其沉桩后期桩顶部受到的竖向压应力较大。采用单因素控制法对影响桩体受力的各项因素进行分析,并对各影响因素进行相关性和敏感性分析。分析表明,静压沉桩过程中桩体受力与摩擦系数、内摩擦角、粘聚力和桩尖角呈正相关,与桩径呈负相关,桩尖角对桩体所受竖向应力敏感性较弱。     

Dynamic response of a pile considering the interaction of pile variable cross section with the surrounding layered soil

Assuming that the pile variable cross section interacts with the surrounding soil in the same way as the pile toe does with the bearing stratus, the interaction of pile variable cross section with the surrounding soil is represented by a Voigt model, which consists of a spring and a damper connected in parallel, and the spring constant and damper coefficient are derived. Thus, a more rigid pile–soil interaction model is proposed. The surrounding soil layers are modeled as axisymmetric continuum in which its vertical displacements are taken into account and the pile is assumed to be a Rayleigh–Love rod with material damping. Allowing for soil properties and pile defects, the pile–soil system is divided into several layers. By means of Laplace transform, the governing equations of soil layers are solved in frequency domain, and a new relationship linking the impedance functions at the variable‐section interface between the adjacent pile segments is derived using a Heaviside step function, which is called amended impedance function transfer method. On this basis, the impedance function at pile top is derived by amended impedance function transfer method proposed in this paper. Then, the velocity response at pile top can be obtained by means of inverse Fourier transform and convolution theorem. The effects of pile–soil system parameters are studied, and some conclusions are proposed. Then, an engineering example is given to confirm the rationality of the solution proposed in this paper. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大直径灌注桩的桩身完整性检测

桩身完整性检测的目的是查明桩的完整性,查清缺陷及其位置,以保证工程质量,不遗留事故隐患。常用的高、低应变,声波透射法三种动力测试方法在大直径灌注桩中所具有的特性及三种测试方法互为验证、多角度的分析研究可综合评价桩身完整性。