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1.
Laura Jones 《GeoJournal》2010,75(4):359-371
Conspiratorial thought has been highly visible in post-September 11th America, manifest through the continued growth of a
public ‘9/11 Truth Movement’ as well as at the state-level, through the Bush administration’s conspiracy rhetoric of Islamic
terrorists intent on infiltrating the US homeland. In this paper, I demonstrate how conspiracy can be understood as a ‘knowledge-producing
discourse’; dialectically engaged across multiple subject positions and through which geopolitical narratives are performatively
produced and contested at interconnected scales of bodies, homes, city streets and national ‘homelands’. Through drawing on,
and challenging, the conceptual and methodological approaches of a burgeoning feminist geopolitics, I ground my analysis in
the embodied performances of ‘patriotic dissent’ by members of the 9/11 Truth Movement in New York City, as well as through
my own situated and ethical engagement with positions of political difference. 相似文献
2.
A comparative analysis of several vulnerability concepts 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A comparative analysis of six vulnerability models aims to identify differences and similarities between several approaches
towards understanding vulnerability. The analysis yields a set of characteristics for explaining the condition of vulnerability
(multiple contexts, multiple dimensions, temporal variability, multiple scales and scale-interdependency). In addition, ‘adaptation’
and ‘adaptive capacity’ are identified as key elements of vulnerability. The results of the analysis are put into a wider
context not only of vulnerability but also of resilience and risk research. It is demonstrated that ‘adaptation’ and ‘adaptive
capacity’ serve as hinges not only for conceptualising vulnerability but between ‘vulnerability’ and ‘resilience’ alike. Based
on the results of the comparative analysis, a model of vulnerability focussing on the household and community scale is developed,
which displays the key findings of this work. 相似文献
3.
Tim Bunnell 《GeoJournal》2004,59(4):297-305
Becoming the tallest building in the world in the mid-1990s, the Petronas Towers was the centre piece of an image of national
progress and development that Malaysian authorities sought to project internationally. The release of Fox Movies' Entrapment in Malaysia in May 1999 provoked political outrage and popular disappointment at the way in which the Petronas Towers in
Kuala Lumpur had been spliced alongside riverside ‘slums’ filmed in the town of Malacca some 150 km away. This paper provides
a critical reading of the spliced scene in the movie. At one level, the angry response of the Malaysian Prime Minister, Dr
Mahathir Mohamad, to the scene diagnoses a geopolitics of asymmetrical representational power. However, I show how Mahathir's
criticism of Entrapment in Malaysia was as much a defence of domestic political legitimacy (and national economic investibility) as it was ‘opposition’
or ‘resistance’ to hegemonic ‘Western’ (mis)representation. In addition, while the material and symbolic work of reimaging
Kuala Lumpur had sought to negate (neo)orientalist imaginings of ‘Asian’ cities, the controversial scene rendered visible
environmental ‘underdevelopment’ that has no place in a modern (vision of) Malaysia. Entrapment thus performed something in inducing Malaysian cities and citizens to ‘clean up’ their act, to practice ‘fully developed’
ways of seeing, being and being seen.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
4.
Jean-François Staszak 《GeoJournal》2004,60(4):353-364
The article advocates an articulation of cultural geography and art history, and in this perspective focuses on the analysis
of the primitivist movement and particularly on Gauguin's work and personal itinerary. Primitivism introduced artefacts of
‘primitive’ people into the history of Western art and signalled a change in the relationship between the West and the ‘Other’
and ‘Elsewhere’. This reversal of values has a major geographical dimension. Primitivism manifests the contradiction-rife
colonial ideology, but can also challenge colonization. Tourism, which is, in the case of Tahiti, directly linked to Gauguin
and to his myth, inherited a lot from primitivism, in terms of hopes and ambiguities. Conversely, primitivism casts light
on geographical features of these places, instituted as ‘Elsewheres‘ by the West, and visited, even transformed by painters,
colonizers and tourists.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
War on Terror,work in progress: security,surveillance and the configuration of the US workfare state
This paper evaluates the impact of recent shifts in the geopolitical outlook of the United States—specifically the ‘Global
War on Terror’ and its domestic ramifications—on the prior project of reconfiguring the US state to an after-Fordist ‘workfare’
paradigm. In particular, the paper attempts to situate recent developments in the reconfiguration of the American welfare
state within the context of debates over the ‘exceptional’ nature of US politics post-9/11. The extent to which this has had
a bearing on work practices, welfare provision and workfarism is investigated, citing examples from the post-9/11 era. On
the basis of such examples it has been suggested that the project of reconfiguring the US welfare state and labour relations
does overlap and intersect with the emergency practices that the US state has instituted domestically as part of the War on
Terror. However, the reconfiguration of the US welfare state towards a neoliberal or workfarist paradigm is, we argue, largely
part of the ‘normal’ (as opposed to exceptional) fabric of US politics. The project of reconfiguring the US welfare state
is ongoing and largely autonomous (although not entirely removed) from the use of exceptional practices in relation to the
US security state. Investigation of this relationship, we assert, provides a potentially fruitful ‘new direction’ for both
critical geopolitics and political economic geography, and grounds for interaction between the two. 相似文献
6.
Problems associated with tourism development in Southern Africa: The case of Transfrontier Conservation Areas 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Sanette Ferreira 《GeoJournal》2004,60(3):301-310
Tourism in Southern Africa is synonymous with the wildlife safari. In the post-colonial era the establishment of so-called
‘peaceparks’ that straddle the borders of states has come to be seen as a key not only to increasing tourism in the Southern
African region, but also to the modernizing of conservation policies and the development of rural economies. This paper focuses
on the global and continental presence of transfrontier conservation areas, the link between conservation and tourism development,
and the current factors that constrain and influence the realization of an ‘African Dream’ — ‘establishment of the greatest
animal kingdom’. The unstable political situation in Zimbabwe and how this negatively affects wildlife conservation and tourism
in the Gonarezhou part of the Greater Limpopo Transfrontier Park, serves as a case study.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
7.
Susan P. Mains 《GeoJournal》2004,59(4):253-264
For some time the US-Mexico border has been a symbol – and site – of conflict, collaboration, and transnational mobility.
Related to the border, the topic of undocumented immigration, and Mexican migrants in particular, has received considerable
attention in US mainstream media. Cinema in particular, provides a context for producing and interrogating discourses of nationalism,
nativism, and fear. The cinematic examples I draw on illustrate an ongoing fear (and terror) about borders and border crossing of various forms. In this paper I explore how narratives of borders and
nationhood are mapped onto immigrant bodies and border spaces through specific filmic representations. In order to undertake
this study I focus on three cinematic examples exploring immigration at the US-Mexico border – Touch of Evil, The Border and Lone Star. I examine how concepts of borders, race, and gender, and tropes of ‘The South’ are reterritorialized around immigrant bodies
and specific locales. I argue that an inability to control and ‘fix’ boundaries around possible ‘threats’ to specific US spaces
and identities is counteracted by displacing this fear onto more easily marked targets that are viewed as posing challenges
to US national (and personal) security, i.e., undocumented immigrants. At the same time, cinematic images illustrate that
the threats and spaces for immigrants themselves become increasingly marginalized, blurred, and frequently erased.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
8.
Shalini Singh 《GeoJournal》2005,64(3):215-223
Assuming the above quote as a true portrayal of pilgrims, this article attempts to describe the prototypical pilgrim from
amongst the wide array of contemporary religious and secular tourists. To achieve this end, two approaches have been adopted.
Firstly, the phenomenon/concept of pilgrimages have been discussed, so to distinguish it from the tourism phenomenon and;
Secondly, the geographical notion of genus loci has been employed to exemplify the fundamental quest for ‘geopiety’ attained
through the unification of the pilgrim’s intrinsic belief with its external location. The second part of the article illustrates
the forgoing through an exploration of Himalayan pilgrimages. This has been achieved with a discussion of the emerging practices
and recent trends in Himalayan pilgrimology. This appraisal alludes to Cohen’s quest for a ‘Theology of Tourism.’ The article
concludes with an examination of a specific genre of contemporary tourists in the Indian Himalayas, who have been identified
as ‘environmental pilgrims.’
相似文献
9.
I. C. Kroon B.-L. Nguyen P. A. Fokker A. G. Muntendam-Bos G. de Lange 《Mathematical Geosciences》2009,41(5):571-584
Understanding and predicting surface movement is important both technically and for social reasons. The shallow processes
contributing to subsidence include construction works, peat oxidation, clay compaction, and groundwater withdrawal; deep causes
are hydrocarbon and salt production. We describe an inversion procedure we have devised to disentangle the deep and shallow
causes of surface movement. It employs a Bayesian inversion scheme, using forward models and other ‘a priori’ information
about shallow and deep compaction. Parameter estimation thus takes place at two different depths, thereby disentangling the
deep and shallow compaction processes responsible for surface movement. The uncertainty in the surface measurements and ‘a
priori’ estimates is naturally incorporated. Furthermore, spatial and temporal correlations can be taken into account through
inclusion of the covariance matrix. The inversion scheme is demonstrated for two synthetic cases. The first combines a compacting
gas field and a compacting shallow peat layer. We demonstrate that assumptions on the shape of the subsidence bowl are not
necessary. We also show how neglecting either deep or shallow causes of subsidence can produce spurious results. The advantage
of using the ‘a priori’ estimates of the compaction and the covariance matrix obtained by Monte Carlo simulations is demonstrated
with a second synthetic example involving two polders and different depths of their water table. A robust solution is obtained
for each polder unit, while a simpler (and faster) ‘a priori’ estimate based on the expected average clay thickness fails
to reproduce the actual compaction. Monte Carlo simulations can also be applied to compaction in depleting gas reservoirs.
Information on spatial correlations is often available, even when the absolute values of the ‘a priori’ compaction data are
quite uncertain. Explicitly incorporating such ‘a priori’ known spatial correlations improves the result significantly. 相似文献
10.
Béatrice Collignon 《GeoJournal》2004,60(4):375-379
Geographic knowledge is usually understood as the knowledge produced by geographers. Yet, it is also produced by people outside
of the academia. But as Western science claimed for its exclusive self the status of ‘knowledge’, others have long been denied
the production and possession of a true knowledge, and recognised merely the mastering of practical skills. The binary opposition
between scientific and other forms of knowledge has been central to the construction of academic geography until the late
1980s, when postmodern thought cast some doubt on the universality of scientific knowledge. This led to critical analyses
of academic geography, revealing its situatedness, as well as to a new interest for the geographies of the ‘Others’. Examining
how geographers have dealt with other knowledge sets so far, and how they have labelled them, this paper argues that other
geographies should be given more attention. This means focusing on the knowledges themselves, and considering implementing
a true dialogue between these and academic geography.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
11.
This paper juxtaposes the actual areas of settlement and settlement activities of Chinese migrants in Brisbane’s southern
suburbs since the mid-1980s, with the concomitant, ‘government planned’ construction of the city’s Chinatown as an ‘exotic,’
‘ethnic,’ and ‘cosmopolitan’ landmark. It argues that while the latter, as with Chinatowns in other Australian and world cities,
has continued to appropriate the symbols of so-called ‘Chineseness’ to sell the locale to non-Chinese, the former, in recalling
the notion of ‘ethnoburbia,’ significantly evinces actual Chinese migrants’ agency and role in place-making. In the process,
these migrants have not only established a local, ethnically meaningful environment, but also challenged the still current
metonymic Western image of the Chinese as preferring life in ‘ethnic’ urban enclaves that had its origin from early Chinese
settlement and fundamentally detached from the lives of other ethnic groups per se. Indeed greater recognition and comprehension of such locales may go a long way to illustrate that many Chinese living in
Australia today do not fit the territorial, place-based identity often associated with them in the imagination of mainstream
society. 相似文献
12.
The lowest unit of the Talchir Formation of Talchir Basin, Orissa, was described by pioneer workers as the ‘basal boulder
bed’. In an attempt to explain the co-existence of gravel and clay, materials of contrasting hydraulic properties, a probable
situation resembling the effects of the action of ground-ice enabled boulders to be carried down by sluggish currents resulting
in an intermixture of large boulders and fine mud was conceived. Misinterpretation of this conclusion led to a general tendency
to describe the ‘basal boulder bed’ as ‘glacial tillite’. However, the unit described as ‘basal boulder bed’ is actually represented
by a matrix rich conglomerate with pockets of normally graded silty clay. The present study reveals that the depositional
imprints preserved in this part of the sedimentary succession indicate emplacement of successive debris flows generated through
remobilization of pre-existing unconsolidated sediments. Small pockets of fine-grained turbidites presumably deposited from
the entrained turbidity currents associated with the debris flows suggest the composite character of the debris flow deposit. 相似文献
13.
Paulo Cesar da Costa Gomes 《GeoJournal》2004,60(4):339-344
We are concerned here with the notion of space as a primary condition for building social relations. From this stand, we have
created two analytical matrixes that can help us characterize two modes: that of ‘being-there-in-space’ and that of ‘being-of-the-space’;
the nomospace and the genospace. While the nomospace is characterized by ‘cold’ connotations, which are ideally defined as a result of a logical option, the genospace is mainly characterized by emotional or ‘warm’ connotations, which originate from a feeling of shared nature and common destiny.
We believe that these matrixes could help us to identify the meanings of some behaviours and, therefore, make us more capable
of interpreting many dynamics that occur in modern societies. The importance of geography is justified by the existing relationship
between these behaviours and their proper spatial form.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
Lagrangian flow of two rip currents was measured using human drifters to understand how variations in surf zone circulation
affect exit positions of floating swimmers. Based on these results, two escape strategies were assessed, ‘do nothing’ and
‘swim parallel to the beach’. The drifter paths and exit positions were analysed to determine the best escape strategy for
passive swimmers in each scenario. Of the two methods, doing nothing to allow the rip current to take a swimmer is the most
effective strategy. More than 75% of rip current flow scenarios could hinder chances of escape of swimmers if the wrong direction
was chosen to swim parallel to the beach to safety. This is because in many situations a swimmer encounters not only a rip
current flowing offshore but also a longshore current flowing parallel to the beach. The best education campaign for the public,
in addition to only swimming on a patrolled beach, would be to promote the ‘do nothing’ rip current escape strategy, as it
covers all flow scenarios without reducing a swimmer’s chance of survival. 相似文献
15.
B.F. Iyun 《GeoJournal》1998,44(2):129-139
The viewpoint that most health problems are environmentally related has always been promoted by medical geography. In recent
times, concern about environmental degradation has been of high priority for many national and international organizations
as ‘we human beings become a threat to our planet’. There is also a need to specifically focus attention on the impact of
so-called development efforts on the health of women and children, in particular those living in highly marginalized regions
which often contribute substantially to the overall development of their countries.
This paper uses the concept of vulnerability as a departure point from which to map the health risks to children in Igbekun
area of Ondo State, the ‘transgressive muddy’ oil-rich coastal area of Nigeria. The paper attempts to highlight the poor quality
of life and health of children in particular, and how it is becoming much more difficult to practice health intervention programmes,
especially oral rehydration therapy (ORT) in the area.
The Igbekun area is an unhealthy and harsh environment, complicated by the devastating effects of oil drilling in recent years.
The siltation and sedimentation of the creeks and lagoons have serious health dimensions as human faeces float in and around
villages because the ‘bush toilets’ can no longer be reached. The on-going environmental crisis has also deprived women of
their traditional means of livelihood; fishing.
There is a relatively high level of ignorance (compared with other women living in the same local government area (LGA) of
causes of the commonest diseases such as diarrhoea, acute respiratory infection (ARI) and measles. A majority of the women
have never heard of family planning, immunization against diseases and interventions such as ORT. Promotive health care services,
especially those that strive to reduce the high mortality of children have passed the mothers by. It is also becoming impracticable
to promote ORT because of the widespread ‘salty and oily’ water supply in the area.
The greatest concern of the women now is that oil drilling activities have further amplified their stressful conditions especially
their health and that of their children. Unfortunately, their plight is not acknowledged by the Nigerian authorities and the
oil companies are least concerned about alleviating the poor health status of the community, in particular the most vulnerable
groups, children under the age of five.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
16.
Lisa Bhungalia 《GeoJournal》2010,75(4):347-357
In September 2007 Israel’s security cabinet approved a ‘hostile entity’ classification for the Gaza Strip and intensified
its economic and diplomatic blockade of this Hamas-controlled region. Taking the ‘hostile entity’ classification as a point
of entry, this paper examines the construction of Gaza as an insurgent zone, a liminal space within which Israel’s executive
discretion has authorizing force. Central to this process, it argues, is a blurring of lines between the civilian and combatant—the
elimination of a purely civilian space. This paper begins with an analysis of the discursive strategies employed to collapse
the space between the civilian body and battlefield in Gaza. It then turns to an examination of socio-spatial practices mobilized
around the ‘hostile entity’ classification, foremost Israel’s sanctions policy, and argues this counter-insurgency strategy
entails regulation and management of the Palestinian body combined with the active subjugation of Palestinian life to the
power of death. Centrally, this paper attends to the relationship between geopolitics and violence at the scale of the (Palestinian)
body. 相似文献
17.
Nancy Krieger has been one of the leading voices in documenting how social ‘axes of difference’, including race, ethnicity
and class make people vulnerable to poor health and limit their access to effective health care. We discuss the importance
of ‘locating’ diversity in health inequalities research. This includes critically dissecting racial and ethnic axes into more
nuanced social categories that incorporate differences based on immigration and other factors. It also involves considering
how diverse population groups vary in their perception and use of space for health-related activities and exposures. Examples
relating to immigrant populations’ health and access to health care are discussed. 相似文献
18.
The notion of community has been central to the political project of renewal of New Labour in the UK. The paper explores how
the discourses of community are framed within New Labour and discusses these in the light of the results from research which
focuses on how people within urban deprived areas construct their community. It draws upon the results of one part of a larger
research project (the ‘Well London’ programme) which aimed to capture the views of residents from 20 disadvantaged neighbourhoods
throughout London using an innovative qualitative method known as the ‘World Café’. Our results show the centrality of young
people to the development of cohesive communities, the importance of building informal relationships between residents alongside
encouraging greater participation to policy making, and the need to see these places as fragile and temporary locations but
with considerable social strengths. Government policies are only partially addressing these issues. They pay greater attention
to formally encouraging citizens to become more involved in policy making, largely ignore the contribution young people could
make to the community cohesion agenda, and weakly define the shared norms and values that are crucial in building cohesive
communities. Thus, the conclusion is that whilst an emphasis of the government on ‘community’ is to be welcome, more needs
to be done in terms of considering the ‘voices’ of the community as well as enabling communities to determine and act upon
their priorities. 相似文献
19.
Hans Knippenberg 《GeoJournal》2006,67(4):317-330
The Netherlands is part of the historic Northwest-Southeast multi-confessional culture belt according to the comparative framework
of church-state relations in Europe as recently developed by Madeley on the basis of Rokkan’s conceptual map. The aim of this
paper is to describe the development of the church-state relations in the Netherlands within this historic framework of state-formation
and nation-building, and to interpret recent challenges of its historic state-church model, such as secularisation, the rise
of immigrant religions, and general ‘de- and re-territorialisation’ tendencies. The Netherlands developed from a relatively
very tolerant polity dominated by the Calvinist Church to a ‘pillarised’ society, in which the Rome-Reformation divide (which
also had a strong geographical dimension) was institutionalised in the political system. After the 1960s, very strong secularisation
put this ‘pillarised’ system under severe pressure, but the remnants of this system offered a favourable opportunity structure
for religious newcomers (Muslims in particular), who could establish their mosques and Muslim schools relatively easily. However,
while the main Protestant churches, and even Catholic and Protestant political parties have merged, failing integration of
these newcomers in Dutch society and terrorist attacks at the global level as well as in the Netherlands encouraged a new
divide between Muslims and non-Muslims. The metropolitan areas in particular became the scene of this new divide. 相似文献
20.
Brent Doberstein 《Natural Hazards》2009,50(2):361-377
This article explores whether past exposure to debris flow disasters with a human dimension (e.g. caused in part by deforestation)
results in adaptive hazard mitigation and improved environmental and resource management practices in affected areas. When
guiding hazard mitigation practice, the ‘adaptive hazard mitigation’ approach views mitigation as a multi-dimensional experiment,
with the associated need for post-experiment monitoring, evaluation, learning and adjustment, and attention paid to multiple
scales (Bogardi 2004). This article explores how the concept of ‘adaptive hazard mitigation’ has emerged, linking this ‘adaptive management’ used
increasingly in resource and environmental management. Two case studies of disasters linked to human-induced environmental
change are examined, and the mitigation responses of local communities, NGOs and Government agencies are documented. Data
sources include secondary data (journal articles, web-based disaster reports and grey literature) on each disaster, key informant
interviews (n = 8) and direct observation over the 2005–2006 period of post-disaster mitigation actions implemented after each disaster.
The research indicates that in both case studies, a limited range of hazard mitigation actions was employed, including both
structural and non-structural approaches. However, the research also found that causal factors involving human-induced environmental
change (e.g. deforestation) were not addressed, and overall, the hazard mitigation strategies adopted lacked monitoring, learning
and adjustment. In both case studies, responses to disaster were judged to be examples of ‘trial and error’ adaptation, rather
than either ‘passive’ or ‘active’ adaptation.
相似文献
Brent DobersteinEmail: |