安徽省CORS坐标时间序列噪声和速度场分析

利用GAMIT/GLOBK软件解算安徽省卫星定位综合服务系统(AHCORS) 2013-01～2018-06数据,得到参考站坐标时间序列,并对其进行噪声分析.结果 表明,安徽省境内参考站的最佳噪声模型为白噪声+闪烁噪声(WN+FN)模型.在顾及有色噪声影响时,AHCORS在ITRF2008框架下的平均运动速度为31.7...     

基于D-InSAR的樱岛火山喷发形变场解算与反演分析

采用D-InSAR技术对覆盖2020年日本鹿儿岛市樱岛火山喷发前后时段的2景降轨Sentinel-1A数据进行处理,获取日本鹿儿岛市樱岛火山南岳火山口喷发事件引起的地表形变场,并在此基础上结合点源Mogi模型对樱岛火山喷发时的岩浆源进行反演分析。结果表明,2020-07-28~08-09期间沉降主要集中在火山中心地区,最大沉降区域为火山中心地带,最大沉降量与平均沉降量分别为5.5 cm与2.85 cm;抬升主要发生在火山边缘区域,最大抬升量与平均抬升量分别为5 cm与2.24 cm,抬升可能与艾拉火山口下方的岩浆活动有关。根据点源Mogi模型反演得到岩浆源深度和体积变化量分别为1.016 km和-0.139×10⁶ m³,岩浆源位于南岳下方,与南岳火山口的喷发活动有关。     

基于时序InSAR的常州市地面沉降时空演变规律及成因分析

采用PS-InSAR时序技术对常州市2018-01~2019-12的24期Sentinel-1A影像数据进行处理,获取常州市地面形变信息。所得结果与同期水准监测数据有较好的一致性,两者较差最大值为6.1 mm、平均值为2.7 mm、均方根误差(RMSE)为1.7 mm。结果显示,抬升区域主要位于城镇,累积抬升量平均值约为7.3 mm;沉降区域主要位于农村,累积沉降量平均值约为7.6 mm;武进区南部等地局部沉降严重,累积沉降量平均值超过15 mm。分析第Ⅱ承压水水位变化对地面沉降的影响显示,两者相关系数为0.55;同时分析某分层基岩标各地层回弹情况发现,深部地层多数处于反弹阶段,而浅部地层是目前土层压缩（沉降）的主要层段。说明近2 a第Ⅱ承压水对常州市地面沉降具有一定的影响,但已不是主要影响因素,浅部地层土层压缩已成为常州市地面沉降的主要影响因素。     

基于Sentinel-1A的南昌市时间序列InSAR地面沉降监测

本文基于2016-01~2018-07的Sentinel-1A数据,采用PS-InSAR和SBAS-InSAR时序处理方法获取南昌市主城区地面形变信息,对比2种监测结果,分析产生不均匀地面形变的原因。结果表明,2种时序技术的监测结果相关性较高,南昌市主城区的形变趋势为西北抬升、东南下沉。形变区空间分布存在梅岭抬升区、南昌西火车站沉降区、赣江东岸沉降区、邓家埠沉降区和南钢沉降区,主要受地质构造、含水层介质、地下水开采和城市建设等因素影响。     

Three-stage tectonic subsidence and its implications for the evolution of conjugate margins of the southwest subbasin,South China Sea

To reveal the tectonic characteristics of the continental margins in the southwest subbasin(SWB) of the South China Sea,a long high-resolution seismic profile was studied using empty basin subsidence.We find that tectonic subsidence features on both margins are uniformly divided into three stages:(1) slow subsidence from Tg to 18.5 Ma(synrift stage);(2) extremely slow subsidence/uplift from18.5 to 16 Ma(spreading stage);and(3) accelerated subsidence from 16 to 0 Ma(post-spreading stage).This feature differs from the classic tectonic subsidence pattern of rifted basins,which exhibits fast subsidence during synrift stage and slow subsidence during the post-rift stage.The tectonic uplift occurred during the spreading stage and the magnitude increased from the continent to the ocean,which is likely related to mantle flow during seafloor spreading.We propose that lower crustal flow played a significant role in the tectonic evolution of the continental margins of the SWB.The lower crust of the SWB margins was warmer and therefore weaker,and more prone to flow beneath the faulting center,which compensated for the upper crustal thinning caused by brittle faulting during the synrift period and thus reduced the tectonic subsidence rate.During the spreading stage,faulting attenuated rapidly,and a necking zone appeared at the continentocean transition formed by lithospheric extension.With upwelling asthenosphere,small-scale secondary mantle convection occurred under the necking zone,which raised the continental margin isotherms and increased the buoyancy.Simultaneously,secondary mantle convection lifted the overriding crust,thus the overall subsidence rate decreased sharply or even reversed to uplift.After seafloor spreading,the effect of mantle convection faded away,and sediment loading drove the lower crust to flow landward.Thermal relaxation,lower crust flow,and vanish of secondary mantle convection together led to rapid subsidence in this stage.     

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四川盆地北缘大巴山前陆构造中—新生代构造隆升史

大巴山前陆构造的抬升剥蚀与保存条件对其矿床和油气藏勘探潜力评价极为重要。应用磷灰石裂变径迹热年代学方法,通过研究大巴山前陆构造热演化史,恢复构造隆升过程,确定其中—新生代构造抬升剥蚀量,探讨大巴山前陆晚期构造隆升对矿床和油气资源的影响。结果表明:大巴山前陆构造在152Ma以前快速沉降,沉降速率平均高达150m·Ma-1,此后便长期处于隆升过程;136~152Ma时期为快速隆升阶段,隆升速率平均为56.3m·Ma-1,隆升量约为900m,是燕山运动导致秦岭造山期后的一次陆内挤压;70~136Ma时期为较缓慢隆升阶段,隆升速率平均为39.4m·Ma-1,隆升量约为2 600m,是秦岭造山晚期挤压的结果;0~70Ma时期的隆升速率为42.8m·Ma-1,持续时间较长,隆升幅度约3 000m,是喜马拉雅构造运动的结果。中生代构造隆升对本区低温热液矿体和油气保存极为不利;上新统以来(8Ma或5Ma),青藏高原快速隆升向东扩展的远程效应对大巴山前陆构造的影响不明显。     

太阳山断裂带及周边地区多源遥感断层构造解译与分析

利用多源遥感数据及SBAS-InSAR技术,多尺度多角度开展太阳山断裂带及周边地区的断层遥感解译与对比分析工作。结果表明,研究区共发育6条主要断裂,其中太阳山断裂带构造地貌特征明显,由4条主干断裂组成,即岗市-河洑断裂、太阳山西侧断裂、肖伍铺断裂、仙峰峪断裂,主干断裂表现出线性陡坎、断层沟谷、湖泊边界、山体断错等异常地貌特征。SBAS-InSAR结果显示,研究区在2017-01~2019-10累积最大沉降量为62.59 mm,最大抬升量为59.42 mm,断裂控制着区域构造格架,影响地面抬升与沉降的分布格局,其中太阳山地区沉降与抬升的形变分布特征与构造带走向一致,可间接反映遥感解译的准确性。     

基于SB-DInSAR时间序列探测地震形变过程的研究

对2009年4月6日意大利拉奎拉6.3级地震9景ENVISAT重轨单视复数据采用双轨模式进行小基线（SB）干涉处理,获得了此次地震的SB-DInSAR时间序列干涉图、位移场以及位移速度场。结果表明：1)地震位移场形变过程为由震前的缓慢变化到震后的加速运动,速度明显由慢到快;2）震中以西为大面积隆起区,最大隆起量为140 mm;震中以东为大面积下沉区域,但形变集中在破裂区,主要在发震过程及震后形成,最大沉降量达185 mm;3）地震产生的破裂主要沿震中的东南方向传播,集中在约13.4 km×7.6 km、方向约135°的椭圆形区域内。     

Tectonic evolution of the north depression of the south Yellow Sea basin since late Cretaceous

On the basis of subsidence history analysis and balanced cross-section analysis, the vertical uplift/subsidence history and horizontal extension/compression history of the north depression of the south Yellow Sea basin are quantitatively studied. The results show that the tectonic evolution of the north depression of the south Yellow Sea basin since late Cretaceous can be divided into a rifting phase (late Cretaceous to Paleogene) and a post-rifting phase (Neogene to Quaternary). The rifting phase can be further subdivided into an initial rifting stage (late Cretaceous), an intensive rifting stage (Paleocene), a rifting termination stage (Eocene), and an inversion-uplifting stage (Oligocene). Together, this division shows the characteristics of an episodic-evolved intracontinental rift-depression basin. The deformation of the north depression of the south Yellow Sea basin since late Cretaceous was mainly fault-related. The horizontal extension and tectonic subsidence were controlled by the activity of faults. The differential evolution of faults also caused variations in local uplift/subsidence movements and the regional heterogeneity in extension. The late Cretaceous initial rifting of the north depression of the south Yellow Sea basin is related to the Pacific-Eurasia convergence. From the Paleocene intensive rifting stage to present, the Pacific-Eurasia convergence and India-Eurasia convergence have played important roles in the evolution of this region.     

山西地区近期垂直形变场分析

利用山西及太原地区最新的 5 0年尺度的形变资料 ,分析、研究了区域形变场及其时空演化特征 ,认为山西地堑系的垂直形变场反映出其周围山区及次级隆起主要表现为持续上升 ,盆地主要呈趋势下降的总体特征。太原地区的地面沉降主要是由超量开采地下水引起的 ,南部地区的沉降速率大于北部。地堑系内这种垂直形变场的态势 ,说明本区构造的垂直差异活动既有继承性、又有新生性的特点。     

鄂尔多斯块体南缘InSAR地表形变探测分析

采用InSAR技术获取鄂尔多斯块体南缘地表形变速率场,为精细分析研究区域内不同类型的形变特征提供依据。结果表明,研究区中部存在多处形变漏斗,南部盆地内城区存在大范围沉降与隆升;岐山-马召段断裂为左旋走滑运动,口镇-关山断裂两侧存在差异运动。结合遥感影像与野外调查数据,确定研究区中部的形变漏斗为矿区开采所致,盆地内三原县发生沉降的原因主要为地下抽水,扶风县与蒲城县的地表隆升主要与地下水位回升有关。     

Plate convergence in the Indo-Pacific region

The Indo-Pacific convergence region is the best target to solve the teo remaining challenge s of the plate tectonics theory,i.e.,subduction initiation and the driving force of plate tectonics.Recent studies proposed that the Izu-Bonin subduction initiation belongs to spontaneous initiation,which implies that it started from extension,followed by low angle subduction.Numerical geodynamic modeling suggests that the initiation of plate subduction likely occurred along a transform fault,which put the young spreading ridge in direct contact with old oceanic crust.This,however,does not explain the simultaneous subduction initiation in the west Pacific region in the Cenozoic.Namely,the subduction initiations in the Izu-BoninMariana,the Aleutian,and the Tonga-Kermadec trenches are associated with oceanic crusts of different ages,yet they occurred at roughly the same time,suggesting that they were all triggered by a maj or change in the Pacific plate.Moreover,low angle subduction induces compression rather than extension,which requires external compression forces.Given that the famous Hawaiian-Emperor bending occurred roughly at the same time with the onset of westward subductions in the west Pacific,we propose that these Cenozoic subductions were initiated by the steering of the Pacific plate,which are classified as induced initiation.Induced subduction initiation usually occurs in young ocean basins,forming single-track subduction.The closure s of Neo-Tethys Oceans were likely triggered by plume s in the south,forming northward subductions.Interestingly,the Indian plate kept on moving northward more than 50 Ma after the collision between the Indian and Eurasian continents and the break-off of the subducted oceanic slab attached to it.This strongly suggests that slab pull is not the main driving force of plate tectonics,whereas slab sliding is.     

大规模GPS揭示的华北地区现今垂直运动

对华北地区1999年以来的大规模GPS流动站、连续站观测资料采用最新的数据处理策略进行统一处理,获得364个测站的有效垂直运动速度场。结果显示,该区域垂直形变有升有降,总体上与地貌相关：山西高原、燕山及苏鲁带以隆升为主,而华北平原由于开采地下水造成大面积下沉。通过对垂直运动场进行区域平均分析,得到山西高原平均上升速率为1.8 mm/a,苏鲁造山带及燕山地区上升速率不显著。华北平原的垂直运动主要以沉陷为主,最大下沉速率达144.0 mm/a,平均为40.0 mm/a。大规模GPS垂直运动特征显示,华北地区现今垂直运动是新构造运动的继承,并叠加有人为造成的地面沉降。     

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Post-rifting magmatism and the drowned reefs in the Xisha Archipelago domain

Fourteen isolated drowned reefs have been identified around the Xisha Uplift by multibeam and seismic data. The drowning processes of these reefs can be divided into three different stages, which correspond to three different accelerated tectonic subsidence periods. The drowning of the Xisha reefs is the result of the combined action of tectonic subsidence and sea level fluctuations, and the tectonic subsidence rate had to remain above 0.2 mm yr~(-1 )for a long time. Three abrupt accelerated tectonic subsidence events that occurred in the late Miocene, Pliocene and early Quaternary in the Xisha Uplift were closely related to the thermal subsidence processes after three stages of post-rifting magmatism. The magmatism of the middle Miocene and the following thermal subsidence resulted in the drowning of reefs in the northwestern Xisha uplift(Zone A). During the early Pliocene, massive magmatic intrusions and volcanic eruptions occurred in the Xisha Uplift. Then, the subsequent thermal subsidence started the drowning process of reefs in the northeastern and western regions of the Xisha Uplift(Zone B and C). During the early Quaternary, large-scale magmatism also occurred in the Xisha Uplift. The subsequent thermal subsidence resulted in a new rapid tectonic subsidence, which caused the reefs in the southern and southeastern regions of the Xisha Uplift to drown(Zone D and E).     

Episodic orogeny deduced from coeval sedimentary sequences in the foreland basin and its implication for uplift process of Longmen Mountain, China

Longmen Mountain located at the boundary between the Sichuan Basin and Tibetan Plateau,representing the steepest gradient of any edges of the plateau.Three endmember models of uplift process and mechanism have been proposed,including crustal thickening,crustal flow,and crustal isostatic rebound.Here we use coeval sedimentary sequences in the foreland basin to restraint uplift process and mechanism in the Longmen Mountain.The more than 10,000 m thick Late TriassicQuaternary strata filled in this foreland basin and can be divided into six megasequences that are distinguished as two distinct types.The first type is the wedge-shaped megasequences which are sedimentary response of strong active thrust loading events,characterized by a high rate of subsidence and sediment accumulation,coarsening-upward succession and a dual-sourced sediment supply.This type includes Late Triassic,Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous and Late Cretaceous to Paleogene megasequences.The second type is the tabular megasequences,characterized by the low rate of subsidence and sediment accumulation,finingupward succession,and a single-sourced sediment supply,which is sedimentary response of isostatic rebound and erosion unloading.This type includes the Early to Middle Jurassic,Middle Cretaceous and Neogene to Quaternary megasequences.Basing on sedimentary,active tectonic,geomorphic evidence,we infer that the direction has been reversed from SSWdirected sinistral strike-slip to NNE-directed dextral strike-slip during 40-3.6 Ma,and since 3.6 Ma,the Longmen Mountain thrust belt belong to times of isostatic rebound and erosional unloading with NNEdirected dextral strike-slip.This suggests that crustal isostatic rebound is a primary driver for uplift and topography of the present Longmen Mountain.The Wenchuan(Ms8.0) earthquake,which ruptured a large thrust fault with NNE-directed dextral strikeslip along the range front,is an active manifestation of this crustal isostatic rebound process with dextral strike-slipping and shortening.This process may be the cause for the Wenchuan Earthquake and the apparent paradox of high relief,little shortening,the relative dearth of historical seismicity in the region.     

中国东北黑龙江杂岩体蓝闪石片岩岩石学研究(英文)

黑龙江杂岩主要由蓝闪石片岩构成,蓝闪石片岩主要包括绿帘石、绿泥石、钠长石、钠质角闪石、多硅白云母和石英以及为数不多的榍石、钛铁矿和黑硬绿泥石。其中,钠质角闪石包括蓝闪石和镁质钠闪石。变质条件的压力(P)温度(T)评价条件为400~425℃和0.69~0.86 MPa,对应岩相为绿帘蓝闪石片岩相。黑龙江杂岩蓝闪石片岩的地球化学研究表明,其原岩是可与洋岛型(OIB)玄武岩和一些洋中脊型(E-MORB)玄武岩相对比的大洋玄武岩,这说明黑龙江杂岩蓝闪石片岩的玄武岩原岩是在海底山或者在大洋隆起条件下由富集源形成的;具有洋岛型玄武岩地球化学特征的变质玄武岩以及富锰的变质燧石、大理石、变质硬砂岩和蛇绿岩鳞片的加入证明黑龙江杂岩是消减—增生杂岩,它含有变形洋壳的碎块和在被改造的前震旦纪佳木斯岩体西边缘上形成于侏罗纪的增生楔岩石;黑龙江杂岩在原岩成分上可与活动大陆边缘许多增生的杂岩相当。     

川滇地区现今三维地壳运动特征

利用1999~2018年GPS观测资料和1974~2014年2期（1974~1984、2013~2014）精密水准资料研究川滇地区现今三维地壳运动特征。结果表明：1）水平运动以继承性运动为主,近年滇西南地区旋转明显减弱;汶川地震导致龙门山断裂带西侧及川滇菱形块体东边界构造应力重新调整,近年震后调整明显减弱,正在向震前状态恢复;2）垂直运动总体表现为差异性隆升运动,且川滇西北部的上升运动速率明显大于东南部;龙门山断裂带北部高原地区的隆升速率为3~4 mm/a,川西高原的隆升速率为1~3 mm/a,滇西北地区的隆升速率为1~2 mm/a,滇西南思茅-江西村地区的下降速率为2~3 mm/a,川滇其他地区的运动速率基本在-1~1 mm/a;3）主要活动断裂两侧基本均存在一定的垂直差异性运动,鲜水河和龙门山断裂带差异性运动明显,并且具有分段性;4）川滇地区水平运动和垂直运动在地质构造上具有较好的一致性,近期龙门山断裂带西侧高原的水平运动减缓,挤压变形减弱,可能预示该地区将逐渐进入新一轮的能量积累时期,需要持续关注。     

2020年土耳其MW5.7地震InSAR同震形变特征与破裂滑动分布

为准确认识2020-06-14土耳其MW5.7地震的发震位置、构造特点以及地震危险性,利用D-InSAR技术对Sentinel-1A数据进行处理,基于GACOS进行大气校正,获得视线向（line of sight,LOS）同震形变场。降轨LOS向同震形变场显示,断层北侧抬升,最大抬升形变量约8.87 cm;南侧沉降,最大沉降量约-7.75 cm。以LOS向同震形变为约束,先采用贝叶斯自举优化法反演发震断层几何参数,然后使用有限断层方法反演地震破裂滑动分布。结果显示,断层走向约257.48°±0.65°、倾角约79.69°±0.98°、滑动角约154.2°±3.8°,震中位置为（40.754°E,39.389°N）,破裂区域长度约8 km、宽度约6 km,破裂的最浅埋深约0.8 km、最大埋深约8.9 km,最大滑动量约0.57 m,对应深度约4.278 km。地震释放地震矩约4.54×1017 Nm,对应矩震级MW5.7,与土耳其灾害和紧急情况管理局公布的结果一致。此次土耳其地震受近东西向的潜伏断层控制,以右旋走滑为主兼具少量的逆冲特性。地震造成部分地区的库伦破裂应力增量超过0.1 bar,这些区域未来的地震危险性值得关注。