Two new free-living marine nematode species of the genus Anoplostoma (Anoplostomatidae) from the mangrove habitats of Xiamen Bay,East China Sea

Two new species of free-living marine nematode from mangrove habitats in Xiamen Bay are identified.Anoplostoma tumidum sp.nov.is characterized by relatively short outer labial setae(0.86–1.00 h.d.),long tail(c 7.2–8.9,c' 8.3–10.5),an instinct swollen distal portion of slender spicule(Sc 94–101 μm),and well developed copulatory bursae without bursal papillae.A.tumidum sp.nov.differs from all valid species of genus Anoplostoma in copulatory apparatus of males with a distinct swollen distal portion of spicule,and a relatively obvious constriction of head.A.paraviviparum sp.nov.is characterized by relatively long outer labial setae(1.11–1.22 h.d.),and tail(c 6.6–8.5,c' 8.6–10.2);elongated spicules with distinct knob-like proximal and pointed distal ends(Sc 46–69 μm);distinct strip-like gubernaculum(length with 11–15μm);well developed copulatory bursae with precloacal papillae and post-cloacal papillae;and a distinct constriction of head.A.paraviviparum sp.nov.is similar to A.viviparum Bastian,1865,but differs in the reproductive mode of female and the constriction of head.     

A new free-living marine nematode species of Rhinema from the South China Sea

A new free-living marine nematode species of the genus Rhinema belonging to the family Monoposthiidae was collected from marine sediments in the Qiongzhou Strait of the South China Sea,and it is described here as Rhinema longispicula sp.nov.The new species is characterized by coarsely annulated cuticle with 12 longitudinal ridges(alae) marked as reversed V-shaped.The first and second annuli broader and form a kind of a cephalic capsule.The amphideal fovea circular,situated in the middle of the broad second annulus,not surrounded by dense annulations.Buccal cavity cylindrical with a large dorsal tooth.Pharynx with a prominent anterior pharyngeal bulb and an elongated terminal bulb.Elongate spicules strongly curved,with cephalated proximal end and pointed distal end.Gubernaculum boat-shaped,without apophysis.A long and blunt precloacal seta present.Female with two opposed,outstretched ovaries.     

Four new species of free-living marine nematode from the sea areas of China

Two new species of genus Diplopeltoides Gerlach,1962 and two new species of genus Minolaimus Vitiello,1970 were described based on recently collected specimens from marine sediments of the South China Sea and the East China Sea,respectively.Diplopeltoides conoicaudatus sp.nov.is characterized by annulated cuticle;tiny terminal buccal cavity;short cephalic setae about 2-μm long;loopshaped amphideal fovea without sclerotized plate;slender and arcuate spicules;triangular gubernaculum possessing a small dorso-caudal apophysis;female with two opposed and reflexed ovaries.Diplopeltoides longifoveatus sp.nov.is characterized by its papilliform cephalic sensilla;long and narrow amphideal fovea with fine transverse striations;inverse S-shaped spicules with a dorsally bent manubrium;gubernaculum with dorso-caudal apophysis;cylindrical tail with round terminal end.Minolaimus multisupplementatus sp.nov.is characterized by cuticle with lateral differentiation of three longitudinal rows of large dots,spiral amphideal fovea with seven turns,pharynx cylindrical without posterior bulb,spicules arcuated with central lamella,gubernaculum arcuate and parallel to spicule,without dorso-caudal apophysis,a papilliform and29 cup-shaped precloacal supplement;tail conical with long flagelliform portion.Minolaimus apicalis sp.nov.is characterized by cuticle with lateral differentiation of three longitudinal rows of larger dots from the middle of pharynx to the conical portion of tail and a longitudinal row of pores in the pharyngeal region and precloacal region;spiral amphidial fovea with four turns and close to anterior end;pharynx cylindrical with oval posterior bulb,spicules arcuated and proximal end bent dorsally,gubernaculum with a broad curved dorsal apophysis;two sucked-like and six cup-shaped cuticularized precloacal supplements;tail conico-cylindrical with slightly enlarged tip.Updated keys to species of Diplopeltoides and Minolaimus were provided.     

Muelleria pseudogibbula,a new species from a newly recorded genus (Bacillariophyceae) in China

The genus Muelleria is reported for the first time from China in this paper. The new diatom species M uelleria pseudogibbula sp. nov. was observed during a survey of diatoms from Zoigê Wetland, Sichuan Province, China. The morphological characters of this new species were documented by light and scanning electron microscope and compared with similar species. M. pseudogibbula is characterized by its lanceolate to linear-lanceolate valve outline with rounded apices, two longitudinal canals running parallel to each side of the raphe, proximal ends of the raphe deflected to the same directions and finishing before the first row of areolae, and curved distal raphe ends, forming two divergent branches.     

A new species of the genus Amphicteis (Polychaeta: Ampharetidae) from China

A new species of the ampharetid genus Amphicteis,A.chinensis sp.nov.,is described based on material from the East and South China Seas.The new species is distinguished from the other known species of this genus by the presence of a lobebehind the paleae.Akey to distinguish all Amphicteis species and the closely related genus Paramphicteis from the Chinese seas is provided.     

One new species and one new record species of Sphaerolaimus(Nematode,Sphaerolaimidae) in offshore wetlands,China

One new species and one new record species of Sphaerolaimus are described.Sphaerolaimus longispiculatus sp.nov.is characterized by body length 2 213-2 470 μm,amphideal fovea 12%-16%corre sponding body diameters in males and 9%-10% corre sponding body diameters in females,long slender spicules 2.8-3.8 cloacal body diameters,eight small papilliform precloacal supplements,gubernaculum without apophysis,and tail conico-cylindrical,2.5-3.7 cloacal/anal body diameters long.Sphaerolaimus gracilis is recorded from the first time in the mangroves wetlands,it can be distinguished from the original desceiption by longer spicules(66-71 μm vs 56 μm) and wider body(a=20.1-21.4 vs 25).     

Tsengiella,a new genus of delesseriaceae—(Rhodophyta) from China

A medium-sized delesseriaceous red alga has been collected from the subtidal area of the northern Huanghai Sea coast. The characteristics of the specimens precludes their being placed in any genus defined by the currently accepted criteria.Tsengiella gen. nov., withT. spinosa sp. nov., as the type and only known species, is created and allied with theHypoglossum group of the Delesserioideae (Delesseriaceae, Ceramiales, Rhodophyta). Contribution No. 1286 Academia Sinica Institute of Oceanology, Qingdao.     

A new record from China of epiphytic marine algae, Acrochaete leptochaete (Chaetophoraceae, Chlorophyta) with its primary experimental biology

Acrochaete leptochaete,a species in Chaetophoraceae(Chlorophyta),was observed during our recent laboratory culture of the macroalgae Chaetomorpha that was originally collected from an intertidal pool in Rongcheng,Shandong Province,China.This is the first record of this species in China.Its morphology,taxonomy,and distribution were introduced and discussed in detail.Isolated culture experiments at different temperatures(9-29℃)and light intensities(36-108μmmol/m 2·s)were also carried out.The culture-based observations have extended our knowledge of growth morphology and general biology of the species.     

A new species of the genus Arcoscalpellum (Cirripedia,Thoracica, Scalpellidae) from deep waters in the South China Sea

A new species of deep-water barnacle that belongs to the family Scalpellidae is described from the South China Sea. A rcoscalpellum liui sp. nov. is morphologically similar to A rcoscalpellum gryllum Zevina,but differs from the latter by the absence of longitudinal striae on the capitular plates and the presence of caudal appendages with few terminal setae.     

Two new species of the genus anthenoides (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) from southern China

Two new species of the genusAnthenoides from the southern China are described.A. laevigatus sp. nov. shows affinities withA. epixanthus. A. tenuis sp. nov. is related toA. cristatus (Sladen). Contribution No. 1472 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica     

A new species and new recorded species of Lumbrineridae Schmarda, 1861 (Annelida: Polychaeta) from China

Based on material deposited in the Marine Biological Museum of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Qingdao),a new species,Lumbrineris sinensis sp.nov.,as well as Augeneria albidentata(Ehlers,1908),which is recorded for the first time from coastal water of China,are reported in the present paper.The specimens examined were collected during 1958 to 1960 from the Yellow Sea,East China Sea and South China Sea at depths of 4 to 182 m.     

A new species of the genus Haloschizopera Lang, 1944(Copepoda,Harpacticoida, Miraciidae,Diosaccinae) from the East China Sea

A new species belonging to the genus Haloschizopera Lang,1944(Copepoda,Harpacticoida,Miraciidae,Diosaccinae)was identified based on the samples collected from the East China Sea,near the offshore of Zhejiang Province,East China.The new species is closely related to H.pygmaea Norman Sccot T.,1905 and shares a combination of the following features:A1 eight-segmented;A2 exp-2 with one distal seta,exp-3 with three setae;P1 endopodal segments subequal,enp-1 not exceeding exp-2;exp-3 of P3 with one inner seta,of P4 with two inner setae.The new species is characterized by the presence of one inner seta on P2 exp-3 of both sexes.It can also be distinguished from its congeners by the characters of female:P5 exopod subcircular,endopodal lobe extending beyond half-length of exopod;genital doublesomite ornamented with three dorsolateral rows of spinules on anterior part.     

Two new species of the genus Cobitis Linnaeus(Teleostei:Cobitidae) from southern China

Two new species of the genus Cobitis from southern China,C.hereromacula from the Luohe River in Guangdong Province and C.baishagensis from the Nandujiang River in Hainan Province,are described and illustrated here.C.hereromacula can be distinguished from its congeners by possessing the following combination of characteristics;absence of the second and third pigmentary zones of Gambetta;13–16 oval blotches on the dorsum and 10–13 vertical,elongated triangular blotches below the midlateral line with more than 20 vertical dark brown bars between them;6–7 narrow rows of dark spots on the caudal fin;a vertical oval spot smaller than the eye diameter on the upper part of the caudal peduncle;pointed mental lobes of the lower lip pointed with a slightly filiform tip;one slender and long needle-shaped lamina circularis at the base of the first branched ray of the male pectoral fins.C.baishagensis can be distinguished from its congeners by the fourth Gambetta zone being covered by 10–12 transverse elongated blotches;4–5 narrow rows of dark spots on the caudal fin;a vertical blotch smaller than the eye diameter on the upper part of the caudal peduncle;males with a slender and long needle-shaped lamina circularis at the second branched pectoral fin ray in males;large scales with a slightly large focal zone;undeveloped mental lobes with a lower lip that does not end posteriorly in a filiform tip.     

On a new species ofPavlova (Prymnesiophyceae) from China

Pavlova viridis sp. nov. is described on the basis of light and electron microscope observations. The material was collected from the coast of haiyang county of Shandong, China. It is characterized by 1) yellowish green to green chloroplast, 2) rudimentary short flagellum 0.3 μm long and hook-shaped, 3) long flagellum with small spherical knob-scales, 4) absence of pyrenoid and stigma, and 5) marine habitat. This new species andP. salina seem to be most closely related to each other but their colour, the insertion of their three appendages, the shape of their knob scales, and their cell periplasts are quite different from one another. Contribution No. 1879 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica     

A review of genus Nuchequula (Teleostei: Leiognathidae) with the description of a new record from Chinese waters

We collected leiognathid fishes from the Hainan Island and Beibu Gulf between November 2007 and December 2008. Ten of these specimens were identified as Nuchequula blochii (Valenciennes 1835), which is the first record of this species in China’s waters. These specimens are distinguished by the combination of these characteristics: breast fully scaled, cheek naked, anteroventral profile of the lower jaw almost straight, a conspicuous dark blotch distally on the anterior part of spinous portion of dorsal fin, a yellow blotch distally on posterior part of spinous portion of dorsal fin, and a dark blotch on nape. This paper reviews the genus Nuchequula and describes three species that occur in China’s waters.