Functional Activity of Phytoplankton and Optical Properties of Suspended Particulate Matter in Onega Bay of the White Sea

Oceanology - The phytoplankton activity was analyzed in June 2015 in Onega Bay of the White Sea. The chlorophyll a concentration, as well as cell abundance and cell biomass, were assessed in...     

Mercury in White Sea Bottom Sediments: Distribution,Sources, and Deposition Chronology

Oceanology - For the first time, vertical and lateral distribution patterns of mercury in White Sea bottom sediments have been determined. An abrupt change in the nature of mercury concentrations...     

Vertical Patterns of Suspended Matter Characteristics Along a Coastal-basin Transect in the Western Baltic Sea

Suspended particulate matter samples were collected from the water column, the bottom nepheloid layer and the ‘ fluffy layer ’ from four stations along a coastal-basin transect in the Pomeranian Bight, western Baltic Sea. Sampling was performed nine times between October 1996 and December 1998 for various analyses, including electron probe x-ray micro analysis for detailed mineralogical investigations.Specific vertical patterns of clay mineral distributions were found. Suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the bottom nepheloid layer and the ‘ fluffy layer ’ overlying sediments was enriched in organic carbon and hydrated three layer clay minerals, whereas the non-aggregated SPM was dominated by quartz and biogenic opal. It appears that separation effects operate during aggregation of mineral particles and organic matter in repeated cycles of resuspension and settling. No clear seasonal variations in the composition of the SPM were found, in spite of high spatial and temporal variability of biological and physical variables. The results suggest that preferential incorporation, possibly aided by microbiological colonization, of hydrated three layer silicates into the organic flocs is a process that occurs under a wide range of conditions. Because aggregates sink faster than individual particles, aggregate formation led to a relative enrichment of illite and smectite in the near-bottom layers. Considering the affinity of organic contaminants and heavy metals to organic matter, the selective removal of aggregated organic matter and hydrated three-layer clay minerals from the water column and enhanced transport in the near-bottom fluffy layer may be a natural cleansing mechanism operating in the shallow waters of the bight.     

Geochemistry of Suspended Particulate Matter in the Marginal Filter of the Pregolya River (Baltic Sea)

Oceanology - The article discusses the results of studying the marginal filter of the Pregolya River in different seasons. Three transformation stages of dispersed sedimentary material are...     

Spatiotemporal Variability of Suspended Particulate Matter in the Surface Layer of the Open Part of the Black Sea

Oceanology - Based on long-term measurements of the concentration of total suspended particulate matter (TSM), particulate organic carbon, chlorophyll a, and the water transparency index for...     

Geochemistry of Suspended Particulate Matter in the Volga River Marginal Filter

Oceanology - The first data on a long-term study of the Volga River marginal filter are reported. The concentrations of suspended particulate matter, particulate chemical elements, and trace...     

1998年11月长江河口悬浮体粒度特征的空间分布

利用Cilas940L型激光粒度仪对1998年11月取自长江河口的46个悬浮体样品进行了粒度测试分析。结果表明，长江河口悬浮体粒度特征在空间上具有明显的变化。悬浮体粒度的平均粒径、分选系数、偏态和峰态等参数，以及粉砂和粘土级含最在河口区平面和垂向上的分布的变化部较为显著。悬浮体的粒度分布为非正态分布，表层悬浮体为双峰分布模式，底层悬浮体为双峰或三峰分布模式。重点探讨了长江河口悬浮体粒度变化的影响因素中的表层沉积物的再悬浮作用和悬浮细颗粒絮凝这两个主要的因素。对长江河口表层沉积物的再悬浮通量进行了估算，表明，不同区域的再悬浮作用存在较大的差异，拦门沙地区为主要的再悬浮发生区。     

Ocean Color Satellite Imagery and Shipboard Measurements of Chlorophyll a and Suspended Particulate Matter Distribution in the East China Sea

Satellite-derived ocean color data of Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) on board the Nimbus-7 and Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner (OCTS) on board the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite (ADEOS) are jointly used with historical in situ data to examine seasonal and spatial distributions of chlorophyll a (Chl-a) and suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentrations in the East China Sea. Ocean color imagery showed that Chl-a concentrations on the continental shelf were higher than those of the Kuroshio area throughout the year. Satellite-derived Chl-a concentrations are generally in good accordance with historical in situ values during spring through autumn (although no shipboard in situ measurement was conducted at nearshore areas). In contrast, ocean color imagery in winter indicated high Chl-a concentrations (4–10 mg m^–3) on the continental shelf where bottom depth was less than 50 m when surface water was turbid (2–72 g m^–3 of SPM at surface), while historical in situ values were usually less than 1 mg m^–3. This suggests that resuspended bottom sediment due to wind-driven mixing and winter cooling is responsible for the noticeable overestimation of satellite-derived Chl-a concentrations. The algorithm for ocean color needs to be improved urgently for turbid water.     

黄河不同区段悬浮颗粒物中正构烷烃的组成及物源

研究黄河流域正构烷烃的迁移、转化。2003年10月在黄河兰州附近的新城至山东的利津设站,系统地研究了黄河悬浮颗粒物中正构烷烃的组成特征、来源和空间分布变化。结果表明:黄河悬浮颗粒物中正构烷烃的总浓度基本分布在1.29~7.56μg/L之间。碳数分布特征为:上游以单峰型为主;中、下游区域分布为双峰型。说明上游悬浮颗粒物中正构烷烃主要是受陆源影响,中游和下游正构烷烃除主要受陆源影响之外,具有明显的水生生物源的特征,水生生物源正构烷烃的变化规律与陆源明显不同。     

Vertical Distribution of Meiobenthos in Bathyal Sediments of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea: Relationship with Labile Organic Matter and Bacterial Biomasses

Abstract. Quantitative information on the vertical distribution of meiofaunal abundances and biomass were obtained from samples collected at 3 bathyal stations in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea located at the same depth but characterized by different food supply. Vertical distribution patterns of nieiofauna were investigated in relation to the biochemical composition of the sediment organic matter (proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids) and compared to benthic bacterial standing stocks. No significant relationship between bacteria and meiofauna was found, whereas a significant relationship between protein and lipid concentrations and total meiofauna density was observed. These data suggest that labile organic matter. considered as material readily aVdihbk to benthic consumers, may be an important factor regulating meiofaunal abundance and vertical distribution in deep-sea sediments.     

Features of Bitumoid Distribution in Bottom Sediments of the Barents Sea

Oceanology - The results on the content, composition, and distribution of chloroform bitumoids (CBs) in the Holocene sediments of the Barents Sea are presented (Cruise 68 of the R/V Akademik...     

Major and Trace Elements in Water and Suspended Matter of the Northern Dvina River and Their Annual Discharge into the White Sea

Oceanology - The results of continuous four-year-long investigations (from May 2015 to April 2019) of the elemental composition of water and suspended matter in the Northern Dvina River are given....     

Eddy Diffusion Coefficients of Suspended Particulate Matter: Effects of Wind Energy Transfer and Stratification

Gross sedimentation rates (GSR) have been measured using sediment traps placed at nine different levels above the bed (0·3, 0·5, 0·8, 1·0, 2·0, 4·0, 6·0, 8·0 and 10·0 m). The sediment traps were deployed for 1·25 years and recovered 28 times during the study period. Low average GSR values of 5·5 g m^-2 day^-1 were obtained at 10·0 m, and high average GSR values of 114·8 g m^-2 day^-1 were obtained at 0·3 m. An expression for the eddy diffusion coefficient of suspended particulate matter (K_s), based on the measured GSR is given. The expression has been used for modelling of K_s at the different trap levels above the bed. High values (≈42 cm² s^-1) of K_s were obtained at the upper traps, whereas low values (≈2 cm² s^-1) were obtained near the bed. Comparison between level of turbulent energy in terms of shear stress at the boundaries of the water column, i.e. from the wind and the bed flow, showed that wind energy exceeded that of the bed flow by a factor 16. At 5·0 m K_s was positively correlated (r=0·66) to the eddy diffusion coefficient of momentum (K_m) derived from the wind energy transfer to the water, giving an average β of 0·5 for K_s =βK_m. The density difference between surface and bottom waters has been designated a parameter of stratification, and is discussed in relation to variations of K_s and K_m .     

Budget and Fluxes of Particulate Organic Carbon and Nitrogen According to the Data on Their Vertical Distribution in the Deep Part of the Black Sea

On the basis of the analysis of the many-year data on the vertical distributions of particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, we compute their annual average amounts for three typical layers of water in the deep part of the Black Sea: for a layer located above the oxycline and characterized by the formation of new portions of particulate organic matter in the course of photosynthesis, inside the oxycline, where the major part of oxygen is consumed and the major part of the flux of particulate organic matter is oxidized, and for the upper part of the anoxic zone characterized by the most active microbiological processes of oxidation of the organic substances and production of sulfides. The available literature data on sedimentation traps are used to study the downward annual average fluxes of particulate organic matter from the euphotic zone into the oxycline and into the anaerobic zone. The seasonal variability of the amounts and fluxes of particulate carbon and nitrogen is revealed.     

黄东海海区总悬浮物散射特性研究

我国黄东海水体散射特性非常复杂,这是造成该海域水色区划特点显著的原因之一。文中利用2003年4月黄东海试验数据(HD200304)对总悬浮物(TSM,Total Suspended Matter)的后向散射概率~bbs和单位散射系数bs*进行研究。基于对现场数据的统计分析,我们开发了总悬浮物后向散射概率模型,通过相对偏差分析表明,有近90%的样品反演相对偏差控制在±30%之内。对总悬浮物单位散射系数研究时,选择555 nm为参考波段,开发了不同波段间总悬浮物单位散射系数关系模型,通过相对偏差分析表明,有近94%的样品反演相对偏差在±10%之内,反演效果非常好。     

Hydrocarbons in the Surface Layer of Bottom Sediments in the Northwestern Caspian Sea

The paper presents research results on the concentrations and compositions of aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the surface layer of bottom sediments in the Northwestern Caspian Sea (2014) and compares them to data for sediments of the Middle and Southern Caspian (2012–2013). The seepage of hydrocarbons out of the sediment mass, resulting in abnormally high concentrations of aliphatic hydrocarbons per dry weight (up to 468 μg/g), as well as within the C_org composition (up to 35.2%), is considered the main source of hydrocarbons in sediments in the surveyed area of the Northern Caspian. This is also confirmed by the absence of any correlation between the hydrocarbon and C_org distributions, as well as by the transformed oil composition of high-molecular alkanes. The distribution of markers within polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons points to a mixed genesis—petrogenic and pyrogenic—with prevalence of the latter. Unlike the shallow-water northern part of the Caspian Sea, the content and composition of hydrocarbons in deep-seated sediments are affected by facial conditions of sedimentation and by matter exchange at the water–bottom interface. Therefore, despite high C_org concentrations (up to 9.9%), sediments in deep-water depressions are characterized by a quite low concentration of aliphatic hydrocarbons (52 μg/g on average; 0.2% of C_org) with prevailing natural allochthonous alkanes.     

草鱼、鲢鱼和鲤鱼混养池塘中浮游生物和悬浮颗粒物组成变化的研究

为评估鲢鱼的滤食作用对淡水鱼混养池塘中浮游生物和悬浮颗粒物组成的影响,2009年在山东省淡水养殖研究所采用围隔将淡水养殖池塘进行分隔,对不同放养比例的草鱼、鲢鱼和鲤鱼混养围隔内的浮游生物和悬浮颗粒物的组成进行研究。结果显示,草-鲢和草-鲢-鲤混养组中隐藻门的隐藻与硅藻门的小环藻、冠盘藻或针杆藻等交替演变,浮游植物的粒级趋于小型化,<5、5～20和>20μm的浮游植物分别占浮游植物生物量的69%、24%和7%;同时浮游动物也趋于小型化,个体较小的原生动物和轮虫生物量占有相对优势,导致浮游动物生物量降低;草-鲤混养组发生了蓝藻水华,色球藻和螺旋藻大量发生,<5、5～20和>20μm的各粒级对浮游植物生物量的贡献率分别在30%左右。实验中悬浮颗粒物(SPM)范围为18.89～116.27mg/L,平均值为52.49mg/L,颗粒有机物(POM)与SPM含量之比的平均值为50.08%,POM与SPM呈显著正相关(R2=0.188,P<0.01)。