水沙运动一、二维分区耦合虚拟点算法

建立了一种计算具有多空间尺度水沙运动的一、二维分区耦合虚拟点算法。该算法通过在一、二维区域的交界面定义虚拟点,并利用有限元的非结构化网格与单元叠加的特点,将所有一、二维区域连接点的影响系数集成到总体阵中虚拟点的元素上,实现不同分区之间的强耦合作用。同传统的使用简单匹配条件的一、二维分区弱耦合算法相比,该方法可以提高分区耦合计算的稳定性。对算法的正确性用一河口算例进行了检验。     

基于模拟退火算法的阵列声波测井组分波慢度提取

为了提高阵列声波测井组分波慢度提取的精度,基于模拟退火算法以及慢度—时间相关(STC)法的原理,提出了模拟退火算法与慢度—时间相关法结合的阵列声波测井资料处理新方法。该算法核心是将慢度—时间相关法的相关系数经过变换作为模拟退火算法的能量函数,利用模拟退火的全局寻优能力求取组分波慢度。对于纵波,在退火前使用长短时窗能量比法进行波至点的求取可以将二维搜索简化为一维;对于其他组分波,分别使用该算法进行慢度—波至点二维搜索以提取慢度。实例表明,与常规的纵波速度测井对比,该算法提取的纵波精度比传统STC方法处理结果高9.94%;横波结果与传统STC方法的差别为0.29%;斯通利波结果与传统STC方法的差别为0.42%。算法在一定程度上提高了解释精度,在实际应用中有较好效果。     

一种改进的Delaunay三角化算法研究

Delaunay三角化在诸多应用领域具有极其广泛用途,也一直是计算机图形图像学和科学计算可视化技术的重要研究内容。针对二维约束Delaunay三角化问题,提出一种快速生成算法。该算法首先建立环形矩形,分环分治平面散乱点;然后依据Delaunay三角形的性质,从外环到内环分治逐步插入新点,一环插入完毕后,整理有效Delaunay三角形;依次循环快速生成二维约束Delaunay三角网格。本算法计算过程简单,计算效率高,程序编写十分容易无需复杂的递归过程,技巧性地解决了二维约束Delaunay三角化问题。实例证明,该算法具有较好的应用效果。     

基于二维地质剖面的三维地质结构多点统计学模拟方法

利用三维地质模拟技术重构地质现象的三维空间分布,是实现自然资源管理和风险评估的重要基础和前提。多点统计学方法通过探寻多点间的空间结构关系,结合随机模拟方法生成具有差异性的模拟结果,较好地再现了复杂的地质现象。然而,如何构建合适、有效的训练图像一直是基于多点统计学三维地质模拟的核心问题。本文提出了一种改进的多点统计学算法。本方法结合了序贯模拟和迭代的方法,将二维剖面扩展为三维训练图像,再结合EM-Like算法,实现了三维地质结构的优化模拟。建模实例结果表明,本方法能确保训练图像对内部模拟网格的约束,准确模拟研究区的地层层序,并很好地再现二维地质剖面所反映的地层结构关系。     

多点地质统计学建模研究进展

从精细油藏描述中地质建模的意义和现状入手,介绍了多点地质统计学建模研究现状及其与传统地质建模方法的差 异。以辽河盆地西部凹陷某蒸汽驱试验区为例,分析了多点地质统计学建模中建模的基础、训练图像的建立、多点地质统计学 建模与传统地质建模相比所具有的优势等内容。指出多点地质统计学在井间预测方面具有明显优于其他传统建模方法的特 点。在文献调研基础上,结合自身工作实践,探讨了多点地质统计学建模目前存在的问题和未来的发展方向。指出未来多点 地质统计学建模的发展方向主要包括多信息综合地质成因分析基础上的训练图像获取、多点地质统计学算法进行改进和完善 和多点地质统计学建模方法应用领域的扩大等。     

加速动态时间规整算法在测井曲线相似性度量中的改进及其应用

加速动态时间规整(fastDTW)算法在测井曲线相似性度量过程中存在异常点问题,且难以确定搜索边界。针对上述问题,本文首先将fastDTW算法与SDTW(summation dynamic time warping)算法结合,得到fastSDTW算法,通过重构测井曲线综合时间序列梯度信息和数值信息解决异常点问题。然后,结合井轨迹资料提出自适应搜索边界,并基于该边界,应用fastSDTW算法进行斜井和水平井测井曲线相似性度量。结果表明,基于自适应搜索边界的fastSDTW算法的精度更高,时间复杂度为O(N),确保了算法的运行速度。最后,将该算法应用到水淹层识别工作中,通过邻井对比的方式识别水淹层,取得了预期的应用效果。     

电法软件设计中交互与可视化技术应用

电法软件中的可视化技术包括电法数据交互编辑修改、样点曲线和一维地电模型的可视化和人机交互、断面图等值线与颜色填充、二维地电模型人机交互建模、三维异常体交互建模.这些技术为实现一个实用、快速、操作方便的电法软件系统提供了可靠的保证.     

用最小二乘配点法解地下水稳定流问题

最小二乘配点无网格法是一种新型高效的无网格法。该方法除节点外又在研究域内引入辅助点,近似函数仍然只通过节点构造,微分方程在所有节点和辅助点上满足。本文将最小二乘配点无网格法应用于非均质多孔介质中的二维地下水稳定流问题,推导了计算格式、编制了相应的计算程序。算例结果表明,最小二乘配点无网格法算法简单,有较高的精度且节省计算量。     

含砾滑带土三维颗粒流模型建模方法研究

提出了基于CT扫描技术和PFC三维颗粒流程序建立含砾滑带土三维建模方法。首先,通过CT扫描技术获得含砾滑带土三轴试样的一系列二维切片图像,采用二值化和砾石边界识别方法,得到了砾石边界点云数据;其次,利用砾石边界点云数据,采用逆向重构得到各个砾石的三维模型;最后,将重构的三维砾石模型导入PFC三维颗粒流程序,建立颗粒流数值模型。计算结果表明:三轴剪切过程中,砾石的欧拉角随着试样剪切变形的发展而变化;与无砾石试样相比,砾石周围土体小球的运动方向更加杂乱,说明了砾石对含砾滑带土的剪切破坏有显著的影响。通过与三轴剪切试验过程中砾石的空间运动规律进行对比分析,验证了提出的建模方法是可行的。采用该方法研究砾石的空间运动特征,对于揭示砾石在含砾滑带土剪切破坏过程中的作用具有重要的意义。     

应用核磁共振测井资料评价储层孔隙结构的改进方法

通过对实验室压汞资料和核磁共振测量资料的对比分析,利用确定压汞孔径分布曲线孔径rc左右边界的方法确定核磁共振T2谱与孔喉半径rc的横向转换系数,利用改进二维分段等面积刻度方法确定其纵向转换系数,使得计算得到的伪毛管压力曲线与实验室压汞测量的毛管压力曲线基本一致。另外,对各种转换系数进行建模,实现在无实验室压汞资料情况下获得定量、连续、高精度的伪毛管压力曲线和孔隙结构参数。将研究成果用于复杂储层评价中,可进行储层分类和估算产能。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861