高频探地雷达技术在香港工程质量检测中的应用

结合几个典型的工程质量检测实例，详尽介绍了高频探地雷达技术在香港特别行政区公路路面厚度、机场跑道面层脱空、海底隧道村砌以及城市地下管网调查等工程检测方面的应用成果，进一步证明了探地雷达技术在无损工程质量检测应用方面的有效性和必要性。     

瞬时参数在探地雷达公路路基隐患排查中的应用

由于城市公路路基中的隐患会引起地面沉降和塌陷,对人民的生命财产造成危害,因此对公路路基进行隐患排查十分重要。基于时间域有限差分(FDTD)的GPRMax2D程序,对脱空、富水和土体空洞的情况进行了数值模拟,通过将传统的只包含振幅信息的探地雷达图像与瞬时振幅图、瞬时相位图结合,进行了多参数分析,增加了解释的准确度和可靠性。通过模拟数据和实测数据以及验证结果的对比分析,建立了脱空、富水和空洞的解释分类模型,认为探地雷达在公路路基隐患排查中是一种快速、无损、可靠的技术方法。     

基于FDTD的隧道衬砌质量雷达检测正演模拟及其应用分析

针对隧道衬砌可能出现的不同的地质病害,根据其介质电性特征,构建相应的地球物理模型,基于时域有限差分(FDTD)算法和完全匹配层(PML)的吸收边界条件,利用GprMax软件结合Matlab编程作探地雷达正演模拟。研究结果表明,不同密度的钢筋和钢拱架模型,在不同中心频率的天线的正演结果中,受到探地雷达分辨率地影响,反射信号同相轴的强弱和形态有所不同,不同的形状的脱空模型其相位、振幅、波形特征都各不相同。结合工程实例,雷达正演模拟与实测剖面结果的主要异常波形信号及钻孔揭示情况基本相符,说明探地雷达能有效地检测衬砌病害的类型、位置、构造走向等空间分布特征,验证了该正演方法的可行性,有助于更好地指导物探工作者对衬砌质量进行更精确地解释,准确发现衬砌的地质病害,确保隧道运营安全。     

探地雷达在探测玉树走滑断裂带活动性中的初步应用

探地雷达具有快速、检测范围广、探测深度深、分辨率高及对地表环境无破坏等特点,在活动断层探测应用中具有很大的优势。在简要介绍玉树走滑断裂带活动性的基础上,选择高分辨率的探地雷达对隆宝、昔日达和盘琼沟处断裂带附近的活动断层进行探测。采用时间域有限差分法建立活动断层的数值模型对其雷达波响应特征进行模拟,分析断层在探地雷达剖面上的反射波特征。根据断层的反射波特征解译探地雷达图像,判断断层的位置、走向及空间展布。结合探槽开挖对比,探地雷达图像的解译结果与探槽开挖后的断裂带剖面展示的断层活动性质基本一致。根据隆宝、昔日达和盘琼沟处的探地雷达图像与探槽剖面上断层反射波特征的对比研究,解译了玉树地震震中位置探地雷达剖面上的断层展布。研究表明,探地雷达是一种快速探测活动断层的有效方法,尤其是在地表破裂不明显的区域,不仅可以准确地判断断层的位置、走向及空间展布,还可以将断裂带附近地下岩层的层位信息及探槽断面之外的地表下图像清晰地呈现出来,为以后运用探地雷达探测活动断层提供参考。     

基于FastICA的低信噪比探地雷达信号去噪

在背景条件复杂的工区,为了提高探地雷达(GPR)勘探资料解释的准确性和可靠性,利用独立分量分析理论进行了强噪声背景下的探地雷达信号去噪研究。阐述独立分量分析(ICA)基本理论,着重讨论了基于负熵最大化的快速独立分量分析(FastICA)算法。应用FastICA算法对单道探地雷达数据和正演含噪雷达剖面分别进行去噪分析,得到去噪后的探地雷达信号。以湖北恩施彭家寨隧道GPR实测数据为例,将Fast ICA算法应用于探地雷达剖面数据去噪。研究结果表明,将FastICA算法应用于探地雷达信号处理,摆脱了传统方法参数设置的束缚,流程简单,在GPR去噪方面有独特的优势,可较好地对低信噪比的GPR原始数据进行噪声去除,有助于突出探地雷达剖面中异常体特征,达到了提高资料解释准确性和可靠性的目的。     

介质含水率与探地雷达信号关系数值模拟

采用时间域有限差分技术实现了探地雷达三维正演计算,并以此对介质含水率与探地雷达信号关系开展了数值模拟研究.物理模型实验与数值模拟计算结果的对比分析证明了数值模拟的有效性.     

S变换在地质雷达隧道衬砌检测数据处理中的应用研究

通过将S变换应用于地质雷达探测隧道衬砌的数据处理中,解决了由于衬砌表层密集钢筋网的影响导致雷达数据剖面受干扰严重、深部信号弱、病害异常难以识别的问题。进行了地质雷达二维有限差分数值模拟,研究了浅部密集钢筋网对深部钢拱架和脱空区造成的影响情况,并对原始剖面进行偏移成像压制了绕射波和多次波,提高了钢筋网下方弱反射信号的成像效果;最后通过对模拟数据和实际资料的S变换时频分析,准确清晰地识别出了深部钢筋和脱空区的特征。通过利用S变换时频处理方法,为受干扰严重的隧道衬砌检测数据的处理提供了一种方案。     

探地雷达用于人工挖孔桩桩底岩溶探测的应用研究

在岩溶地区进行楼房建设、工厂修建、修路架桥时,其桩基的设计很多采用人工挖孔嵌岩灌注桩（人工挖孔桩）。通过对人工挖孔桩桩底目前几种探测手段的对比分析,运用探地雷达方法对桩底进行岩溶探测有其独特的优势。文章首先介绍了探地雷达桩底探测的具体方法,并根据介质介电常数的变化分析了探地雷达天线在桩底的辐射特征;其次,对桩底的两种地质模型进行了正演模拟;最后对岩溶地区人工挖孔桩底实测探地雷达剖面进行了分析解释。     

基于地震属性体的三维探地雷达快速解译技术

利用三维地震数据属性提取与分析的方法,对三维探地雷达数据进行属性分析、快速解译。研究表明,空洞、脱空、疏松体、富水体等城市病害体在三维探地雷达数据体的水平切片及垂直剖面上均存在明显的差异。以厦门市环岛路地下管线探测为例,进行三维探地雷达数据属性分析,通过对比,发现管线在振幅体、方差体、构造体等属性切片上都存在明显异常,其中方差体切片对管线的反映更为清晰,表明在以管线为目标的探测中三维探地雷达三维数据体的方差属性更为敏感。     

基于主成份分析的探地雷达信号去噪研究

探地雷达是估计地下介质分布的重要浅层地球物理方法,实际记录中包含噪声是不可避免。为了提高探地雷达(GPR)勘探资料解释的准确性和可靠性,这里利用主成份分析(PCA)理论进行了强噪声背景下的探地雷达信号去噪研究。阐述PCA的基本理论,着重讨论了PCA去噪算法的实现步骤。在时间域和频率域应用PCA去噪算法,对含噪声的合成雷达剖面分别进行去噪分析,采用L曲线法确定最佳参数K,达到最佳信噪分离效果,在时域和频域中使用最佳K值进行去噪,可以提高探地雷达数据的信噪比。以GPR实测数据为例,将PCA算法应用于探地雷达剖面数据去噪,可以在保持有用信号不丢失,幅值不失真的基础上,使噪声得到了较好地抑制,有助于突出探地雷达剖面中异常体特征,达到了提高资料解释准确性和可靠性的目的。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861