重力高阶方向导数的可视化拟合及其应用

针对目前人们所使用的交互式重力剖面拟合软件多以正演布格重力异常为主,在应用效果方面存有欠缺的情况,提出了在作重力剖面布格异常拟合的同时,增加高阶方向导数的拟合。其目的是发挥布格重力异常的高阶方向导数在突出浅部地质体的特征,压制区域性深部地质因素,区分相邻地质体引起的叠加异常等方面的优势。这里采用最小二乘法演算了布格重力异常高阶方向导数的计算过程,对计算程序编制和使用中涉及的相关问题进行了阐述,并例举了在地球物理勘探中,利用高阶方向导数提高重力资料解释效果的实例。并在最后对重力剖面进行可视化拟合解释时应注意的要点做了分析,强调了兼顾布格重力异常及其高阶方向导数二者拟合曲线均基本相似,而不应追求其中某一方面精确拟合的解释原则。     

重力高阶导数的正演研究

重力勘探作为一种位场勘探方法,由于体积效应或异常叠加效应,资料的解释往往精度差,也难以深度定位。因此,资料处理解释中的一个主要工作就是进行异常分离,以便突出异常的有用信息,区分不同异常源。高阶导数作为其中一种方法,能分离叠加异常,突出浅而小的地质体。     

重力高阶导数的正演研究

重力勘探作为一种位场勘探方法,由于体积效应或异常叠加效应,资料的解释往往精度差,也难以深度定位。因此,资料处理解释中的一个主要工作就是进行异常分离,以便突出异常的有用信息,区分不同异常源。高阶导数作为其中一种方法,能分离叠加异常,突出浅而小的地质体。     

安徽省濉溪县杨桥孜铜金矿重磁异常特征

杨桥孜铜金矿是皖北覆盖区以地质理论为指导通过综合物探手段发现的一处中型矽卡岩型矿床。该矿床是皖北地区迄今为止发现的规模最大金矿床,对三铺岩体成矿预测、皖北地区找矿、研究华北陆块找金方向具有重要意义,为覆盖区综合找矿方法提供了成功经验。重磁勘探在该矿床的发现过程中发挥了重要作用,重磁组合异常特征倍受关注。杨桥孜金铜矿位于重力梯级带的次级鼻状重力高异常区,重力二阶导数异常与矿体分布相吻合;地磁场以正异常为背景,局部叠加明显的强磁异常,强磁异常与铁矿体分布一致,铜金矿体对应于磁力梯级带。重高磁高、重高磁梯组合异常在矿床普查过程中发挥了作用。     

位场欧拉反褶积方法适用性分析及其应用

欧拉反褶积是重磁勘探常用的反演方法和资料解释工具。从单一场源出发,推导了叠加场源下的常规欧拉反褶积公式,理论分析出了异常叠加是影响常规欧拉反褶积应用效果的主要因素。为解决这一问题,可采用高阶导数来提高异常分辨率,削弱叠加影响,但高阶导数却易受高频干扰影响。为了深入研究欧拉反褶积方法的应用效果及其适用性,利用垂向导数形式的欧拉反褶积与常规欧拉反褶积进行对比分析。模型试验表明:在无噪声情况,基于垂向一阶导数的欧拉反褶积反演结果具有更高的聚合度和计算精度,可有效压制异常叠加影响;但当原异常含有噪声时,基于垂向导数的欧拉反褶积受噪声影响严重,反演效果不如常规方法,可以采用向上延拓方法来压制噪声干扰以提高高阶导数欧拉反褶积的反演精度。在江西相山实际重力资料处理中,垂向一阶导数的欧拉反褶积比常规欧拉反褶积反演出了更多的地质边界信息,而常规欧拉反褶积在主构造上反演点的连续性更强。因此,在实际资料处理中,建议常规欧拉反褶积和导数形式下的欧拉反褶积同时使用,以提高方法的解释能力。     

临湘多金属成矿区重力异常及地质成因

为了深入挖掘找矿潜力,以垂向二阶导数为主要手段对临湘多金属成矿区重力异常地质成因进行了重新认识,推断了研究区构造格架及隐伏岩体分布情况,总结了已知矿点(体)与重力异常、隐伏岩体、断裂构造之间的关系,得出研究区仍存在寻找大型以上多金属矿潜力的结论,为深部找矿预测提供了重要的地球物理依据.     

成像技术在矿区重力勘探中的应用研究

在重力勘探中利用概率成像新方法处理数据,在东北某矿区实测重力剖面数据,在常规处理解释中遇到很多不确定性.而概率成像以及重力梯度概率成像的新方法解决了在实际工作中无法进行场分离的难点,去除干扰场的叠加.通过对比分析更好地处理解释矿区的重力异常,圈定异常地质体,为找矿提供更有力的依据,从而解决了复杂地区重力场的反演解释问题,对重力勘探工作中复杂地区重力异常的解释有很好的利用价值,能快速准确稳定地进行重力异常成像反演.     

位场垂向高阶导数的Tikhonov正则化迭代法

在位场数据处理中,垂向导数具有重要的物理意义。其在一定程度上可以划分不同深度和大小异常源产生的叠加异常,且导数的阶次越高,这种分辨能力就越强,但通常认为高阶导数的换算是不稳定的。本文在Tikhonov正则化求位场垂向高阶导数的基础上,结合迭代法进行逐次逼近,提出了位场高阶导数的Tikhonov正则化迭代法,并且得到Tikhonov正则化迭代法的递推公式。通过对该方法的滤波特性分析可以看出,该方法计算的位场垂向高阶导数具有一定的稳定性及保幅性。模型试验和实际数据的处理表明,该方法计算结果较常规FFT求导法有更高的稳定性和实用价值。     

位场高阶导数的波数域迭代法

位场导数换算是位场数据处理和解释的基本方法,但其不稳性限制了高阶导数在实际资料处理中的应用。针对于此,提出了位场高阶导数的波数域迭代法。在导数算子中引入一个包含求导阶次和高阶导数算子本身相关的低通滤波器,然后通过迭代法进行逐次逼近,进而得到高阶导数波数域迭代法的递推公式;同时证明了该方法的收敛性,对比分析了迭代法与常规方法导数算子的滤波特性。在高阶导数的模型检验和实例应用中,迭代法与常规方法的对比分析结果表明,迭代法具有稳定性强和计算精度高的优点。     

基于重力异常的松辽盆地构造特征识别

为了解决构造识别中多个断层不能同时识别倾向的问题,提出了利用断裂构造重力异常水平导数的分布特征实现的倾向成像技术,即断裂水平导数变化率较小的一侧指示断裂的倾向;由此可直接标识出断裂的特征,避免了以往该类方法复杂的运算。将这种技术应用到松辽盆地的实测重力异常的处理中,获得了松辽盆地的构造特征。松辽盆地东西两侧具有明显的重力异常差异,但已有的电法、地震资料难以揭示这种差异的原因。笔者以地震数据为约束,利用重力数据进行松辽盆地地层界面的反演,获得了莫霍面及以下的界面特征;认为松辽盆地重力异常差异的原因是松辽盆地莫霍面下方10 km存在一个界面,且由于太平洋板块的俯冲造成该界面在松辽盆地发生了较大的起伏,从而呈现异常的变化。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861