Response Characteristics of Load on Vessels in Waves

Considering the requirement of direct design and fatigue test for ships and floating structures byuse of FEM technique,a computational procedure of spectral analysis for wave load on the hull surface is de-veloped in this paper.The response of hydrodynamic pressure on the body surface to a designated sea state forships and floating structures is calculated by use of the revised strip method with the hull bound perturbationflow concept.The spectral function of wave load for the defined point on the body surface can be determinedfrom the Wiener-Khinhin theorem and the characteristic load value can be also obtained from spectral mo-ment analysis.A container ship is taken as a computational example and the sample of wave load with a cer-tain probability and corresponding encountered frequency is provided.     

小型单拖网渔船V 型网板水动力性能研究

网板是拖网的重要属具之一, 广泛应用于近岸小型单拖渔船的生产作业中, 其水动力性能的优劣直接关系到拖网的生产效果和经济效益。作者以网板面积1 m²、展弦比0.55的 V 型网板为例进行小型单拖渔船的水动力性能研究。 基于田内相似准则, 相似比为2制作网板模型, 进行循环水槽模型试验, 实验冲角在10～60°范围内, 来流速度在0.2～0.7 m/s, 得出网板升阻力系数等流体动力特性曲线、临界冲角、最大升阻比。结果表明, 该型网板的最大升阻比约为1.86, 达到最大升阻比的临界冲角在15～25°附近, 该结果可为渔业生产操作中网板冲角的设置提供依据。实验结果同时显示, 该型网板的水动力效率略低于其他类型网板, 说明其板型仍有较大的改进空间。     

基于Fluent的内孤立波质量源造波方法研究

在RNGk-ε湍流模型下,基于Fluent平台中的DEFINE-SOURCE宏,结合KdV与eKdV理论编写相应程序,从粘性不可压缩流体的N-S方程出发,进行了基于质量源造波法的内孤立波数值模拟,并将所得模拟结果与物理实验结果、理论值及速度入口法与平板拍击法数值模拟结果进行了对比和分析。结果表明:质量源造波法所得波形与物理实验结果、理论值及速度入口法与平板拍击法数值模拟结果吻合较好,验证了本文所述质量源造波方法的可行性和有效性,且该方法对振幅水深比小于0.1和大于0.1的内孤立波均具有较好的适用性。此外,质量源造波法避免了动网格的使用、可用于研究速度边界未知的情况、耗时短、效率高、适应性强等优点为进一步研究内孤立波与海洋结构物的相互作用问题提供了一种新的实现方案。     

Analytical Study on Transmission and Reflection of Non-Linear Shallow Water Waves

The analytical study is made by using the method of matched asymptotic expansions on the transmission and reflection of solitary waves and cnoidal waves on two-dimensional floating bodies. The solutions give explicitly the variation pattern of the transmitted waves and the characteristics of the reflected waves, including the wave profile, amplitude, phase shift and evolution. The effects of the gap between the body and the sea bottom on the transmission and reflection of those waves are also discussed.     

Experimental Study of Hydrodynamic Loading on Submarine Composite Pipelines under the Action of Waves and Current

- This article is aimed at the experimental study of the hydrodynamic loading induced by waves and current acting on the JZ 20-2 submarine composite pipelines. The corresponding hydrodynamic coefficients obtained in this experimental study can be applied to engineering projects.     

Experimental and Numerical Study on the Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Solitary Waves Passing Over A Submerged Breakwater

In this study, solitary waves passing over a submerged breakwater are investigated both experimentally and numerically. A total of 9 experimental conditions are carried out, including different incident wave heights and water depths. Numerical simulations are performed using a high-order finite-difference model solving Navier–Stokes (N–S) equations. The predicted water wave elevation, velocity and pressure show good agreement with experimental data, verifying the accuracy and capacity of the numerical model. Furthermore, parametric studies are conducted by numerical modelling to examine the effects of the geometrical features of submerged dike on hydrodynamic characteristics around the breakwater.     

一种基于航行区域分级的海图自动抽选算法

针对当前海图抽选过程由于缺乏有效的海图抽选算法,而造成抽选效率不高甚至有可能漏选海图的问题,按照海图抽选原则并利用海图比例尺及海图覆盖区域信息,对船舶航行区域进行分级处理,提出了一种基于航行区域分级的海图自动抽选算法,阐述了该算法的基本思路和实现步骤,并通过实验验证了该算法的可行性。     

New Method for Predicting the Motion Responses of A Flexible Joint Multi-Body Floating System to Irregular Waves

A new hybrid method of frequency domain and time domain is developed in this paper to predict the motion responses of a flexibly joint multi-body floating system to irregular waves. The main idea of the method is that the three-dimensional frequency method is used to obtain the hydrodynamic coefficients and the response equations are solved in time domain step by step. All the forces can be obtained at the same time. The motions and nonlinear mooring forces of a box type six-body floating system are predicted. A comparison of the theoretical method-based solutions with experimental results has shown good agreement.     

Study on Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Pipelines in Open Trenches

Based on hydrodynamic model tests,the relationship between relative hydrodynamic coefficientand cycle coefficient K_c is obtained by introducing the relative trench shape coefficient α_r;there is a goodrelation for the shallow trench.According to α_r of the designed trench shape and pre-chosen K_c,the reduc-tion coefficient and sheltering effect can be decided by the result provided in this paper.     

Application of CFD and FEA Coupling to Predict Structural Dynamic Responses of A Trimaran in Uni-and Bi-Directional Waves

To predict the wave loads of a flexible trimaran in different wave fields, a one-way interaction numerical simulation method is proposed by integrating the fluid solver(Star-CCM+) and structural solver(Abaqus). Differing from the existing coupled CFD-FEA method for monohull ships in head waves, the presented method equates the mass and stiffness of the whole ship to the hull shell so that any transverse and longitudinal section stress of the hull in oblique waves can be obtained. Firstly, verifi...     

基于纵横波保幅分离的粘弹介质弹性波正演模拟

地下介质往往表现为粘弹特性,研究基于粘弹假设的数值模拟方法对于正确认识地震波的传播规律和提高地震勘探精度具有重要意义。波动方程正演过程中纵横波的保幅解耦是研究准确的粘弹介质中地震波传播机理的前提,基于散度和旋度算子的纵横波解耦方法会使波场的相位和振幅产生畸变,且解耦后的波场在极性反转位置上无法与分离前混合波场各分量对应。在散度和旋度算子上再做一次梯度和旋度运算的波场分离方法虽然能够克服上述缺陷,但存在保幅性差等问题。本文从粘弹介质中的一阶速度-应力方程出发,推导了矢量纵横波分离的波数域表达式,结合有限差分思路给出了其在空间域的求解方法。本文方法利用纵横波的传播速度对现有的矢量波场分离方法进行振幅校正,并将校正结果分别作为纵波与横波对时间的二阶偏导,实现了粘弹介质中的纵横波分离。模型试算结果表明,本文方法能够克服现有方法的缺陷,获得更具保幅性的波场分离结果。     

Study on Model Tests and Hydrodynamic Force Models for Free Spanning Submarine Pipelines Subjected to Earthquakes

A test rig is built to model the dynamic response of submarine pipelines with an underwater shaking table in the State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, China. Model tests are carried out to consider the effects of exciting wave directions and types. Based on the experimental results, two hydrodynamic force models derived from Morison equation and Wake model are presented respectively. By use of hydrodynamic force models suitable for free spanning submarine pipelines under earthquakes, discretized equations of motion are obtained and finite element models are established to analyze dynamic response of free spanning submarine pipeline subjected to multi-support seismic excitations. The comparison of numerical results with experimental results shows that the improved Morison and Wake hydrodynamic force models could satisfactorily predict dynamic response on the free spanning submarine pipelines subjected to earthquakes.     

南海区海洋经济与环境可持续发展比较研究 ——基于2006—2015年面板数据实证分析

近年来我国沿海省、市、自治区的海洋经济得到迅猛发展,然而海洋自然生态系统却不断衰退,使得海洋经济与海洋环境之间的矛盾日益凸显。为加快推进“海洋强国”战略,促进海洋经济与环境的可持续发展,需对海洋经济与环境之间协调发展情况进行科学评价。文章以南海区为例,基于主成分分析法和因子分析法,结合南海区海洋经济与环境实际发展情况,建立南海区海洋经济与环境可持续发展指标体系,选取14个具有代表性和数据齐全的二级指标,对2006—2015年南海区海洋经济与环境的发展状况进行综合评价,结论显示：整体来看南海区海洋经济与环境可持续发展综合能力趋势发展良好,但是从区域方面,南海区各地区之间的海洋经济与环境可持续发展综合能力呈现不平衡发展现象,广东省有明显的优势,尤其体现在海洋经济发展能力方面。     

大洋多金属结核化学分析方法标准的研究

依据大洋多金属结核分析测试方法标准研究的总体设计 ,完成了 36个分析项目的 2 1份验证报告 ,进行了实验室间精密度协作性检验工作。在 H2 O-,TFe,Al2 O3 ,P2 O5等分析方法研究中取得新进展 ,并建立了 ICP- AES法测定大洋多金属结核中常量、微量、稀土元素分析方法标准。     

含油多孔介质二维弥散特性初步研究

为了研究含油多孔介质的二维水动力弥散特性,控制砂土中柴油和机油含油率为0、1%、2%,作为供试的含油多孔介质,采用自己设计的二维水动力弥散试验装置测定示踪剂(氯化钙)的穿透曲线,并定量确定了含油砂土的有效孔隙度、纵向弥散度、横向弥散度以及砂土中孔隙水的流速。试验结果表明,有效孔隙度随石油含量的增加而减小,而且含柴油砂土的有效孔隙度减小比含机油砂土更加显著;在纵向上,示踪剂浓度峰值的到达时间和峰值浓度的大小主要取决于孔隙水流速的大小,孔隙水流速越大,示踪剂达到浓度峰值的时间越短,且峰值浓度越大;含机油砂土的纵向弥散度小于清洁砂土,而含柴油砂土的纵向弥散度大于清洁砂土;不同含油率砂土的纵向弥散度变化范围为0.133～0.370cm,横向弥散度变化范围为9.83×10-3～4.64×10-2 cm,纵向弥散度均大于其横向弥散度。     

石英示踪物源研究进展

综述了石英的性质和它作为有效指示剂来示踪物源的理论基础,进而详细介绍了使用扫描电镜、质谱、电子自旋共振和阴极发光等仪器对石英矿物的表面微结构、氧同位素比值、形成年龄和阴极发光颜色等特征进行研究来追踪物源的方法以及这些方法的可行性。还根据近年来研究者应用石英矿物来示踪物源的研究进展提出了今后利用石英研究物源需要注意的4个问题。     

造礁石珊瑚共生藻对富营养的响应研究

研究了多孔鹿角珊瑚(Acropora millepora)及其共生藻在硝酸盐、铵盐、磷酸盐胁迫条件下的响应.结果表明,石珊瑚共生藻光合效率在各营养盐浓度下分别受到程度不同的抑制;表面共生藻密度及共生藻叶绿素 a 含量在硝酸盐、磷酸盐和铵盐与磷酸盐结合条件下都有所降低,但前者较后者的变化有所滞后;在铵盐作用下表面共生藻密度和共生藻叶绿素 a 含量均有所升高.以石珊瑚共生藻光合效率及叶绿素 a 含量作为指示珊瑚共生体系对胁迫的响应指标较为灵敏.     

永定新河口通海航道形成水动力泥沙研究

根据规划永定新河河口拟建一条通海航道,利用了该海域的现场实测资料对水动力条件、地质分布、泥沙特性以及淤积等水动力泥沙特征进行了分析,建立了风浪、潮流和泥沙数学模型,对该航道开挖后的年淤积情况进行计算预测。通过与其临近港口的比较,提出了该航道形成可行性依据,为该航道工程的建设提供科学依据。     

海洋调查船业务化运行保障关键技术进展

海洋科学的发展和海洋战略重要性的日益凸显对海洋调查船的业务化运行提出了新的要求。从国内外海洋调查船运行和关键技术两方面的发展现状和趋势出发,提出了我国"十三五"期间海洋调查船业务化运行保障关键技术的发展建议。为解决海洋调查船需求不断增大与船舶建造运行成本限制的矛盾,世界各主要海洋国家均采取措施提高调查船的使用效率,组建海洋调查船队,实行船时统一调配。另一方面,多学科多任务的海洋调查方式的发展,以及新型调查观测设备的应用,促使调查船运行保障关键技术趋向于普适性和更强的现场支持功能。据此,在我国海洋调查船业务化运行发展原则、关键技术发展方向等方面提出了建议。     

基于浪流耦合模型的台风浪数值模拟

基于CCMP风场资料,采用无结构网格、浪-流双向实时耦合模型FVCOM-SWAVE,模拟强热带风暴"米雷"在中国近海区域产生的海浪场,将耦合模型模拟的有效波高和平均周期与实测浮标资料进行比对,发现模拟结果的各类误差总体较小,说明耦合模型能够较好地模拟考虑浪流相互作用下中国近海台风浪过程。对比考虑潮汐引起的水位变化与不考虑水位变化情况下对耦合模型模拟结果的影响,发现在近岸区域考虑潮水位情况下的有效波高和平均周期模拟结果周期性特征明显,说明潮汐对耦合模型在近岸处有效波高的模拟影响显著。