RBF神经网络—半参数优化模型在滑坡预报中的应用

将RBF神经网络模型与基于补偿最小二乘准则的半参数模型相结合,首先进行RBF神经网络模型的预报,在此基础上进行半参数模型改正,非参数利用补偿最小二乘法求出,建立优化的RBF神经网络——半参数模型。结合某边坡的GPS高程观测数据进行建模预测,与单一采用RBF神经网络预报模型相比,结果显示精度较好,该方法有效可行。     

半参数模型的累积估计

文献 [1]用累积法研究了线性回归模型 ,得到了与最小二乘法相当的效果。本文将运用此法研究半参数模型得到了参数 β及非参数s (ti)的估计量 ;而后模拟一个例子 ,说明了此法的有效性。运用累积法不仅能得到与补偿最小二乘法相当的效果 ,而且弥补了补偿最小二乘法的一些不足。若该法与补偿最小二乘法结合在一起使用 ,将会得到较理想的结果。     

正规化矩阵正定时半参数估计量的统计性质

利用补偿最小二乘原理构造加权惩罚平方和,得到半参数模型中正规化矩阵正定时参数和半参数的估计量.从偶然误差的统计特征出发,详细讨论这种平差方法得到的参数估值的一些统计性质,并对半参数平差与最小二乘法的参数估计值进行比较.理论分析表明,通过选取合适的平滑参数,半参数平差方法优于最小二乘法.另外从数理统计的角度对平滑参数的选取进行分析,得到平滑参数的取值范围,也给出了平滑参数对模型精度的影响.     

基于半参数最小二乘核估计的卫星精密钟差预报方法

研究半参数最小二乘核估计模型在精密钟差预报中的应用问题,提出一种基于时间自变量差值累加的窗宽参数计算模型,并通过实验验证该模型的有效性,讨论在不同预报时间长度和已知数据量的情况下模型预报精度。实验表明,与常规模型相比,半参数最小二乘核估计模型在预报精度与稳定性方面都取得较好的效果,可以满足精密单点定位对于精密钟差预报的精度要求。研究成果对于精密单点定位技术的推广普及具有一定的促进作用。     

自然样条半参数模型与系统误差估计

采用自然样条逼近的数据处理方法 ,探讨了自然样条半参数回归分析方法。在补偿最小二乘的原则下 ,利用三次样条函数构造补偿项 ,通过广义交叉核实函数自动选取光滑参数。自编程序进行计算 ,得到了回归参数向量和样条函数的补偿最小二乘估计。模拟计算表明 ,该方法适合于回归函数模型误差与测量系统误差的估计     

利用半参数模型精化二次曲面GPS高程异常拟合模型

针对利用多项式建立的GPS高程拟合模型不能很好地拟合高程异常变化趋势面的问题,提出了在常规最小二乘多项式模型的基础上,引入一个非参数模型补偿项,并参考重力测量中最小二乘配置模型方法,建立高程异常趋势面的半参数拟合模型。以小区域GPS采集数据为例,并分别运用两种模型进行拟合与推估,结果表明,基于半参数模型的高程异常拟合与推估效果更好。     

最小二乘支持向量机回归的卫星钟差非线性组合预报

针对应用单一方法预报卫星钟差的局限性,文章提出了基于最小二乘支持向量机回归的卫星钟差非线性组合预报方法:首先根据历史钟差数据建立二次多项式模型和灰色模型,然后利用这些模型进行钟差预报,最后采用最小二乘支持向量机回归算法对两种模型的预报结果进行非线性组合,以获得最终预报值;对比了RBF核函数、线性核函数和多项式核函数对组合预报性能的影响,并将本文组合预报方法与经典权组合方法进行比较。结果表明,本文方法优于经典权法,且线性核函数更适合组合预报。     

用拟准检定法和补偿最小二乘估计解算污染半参数模型

现代自动化测绘技术采集的测量数据中系统误差和粗差都在所难免,需要同时考虑系统误差和粗差共存的平差问题.针对污染半参数模型中含有系统误差和观测值受到污染而不严格服从正态分布的情形,文章探讨了用拟准检定法抵御粗差,用补偿最小二乘法分离系统误差.算例表明:用拟准检定法对粗差进行定位定值并对观测误差进行修正后,再利用补偿最小二乘法解算半参数模型,可以得到较好的结果.     

改进粒子群优化最小二乘向量机卫星钟差预报

针对提高导航卫星钟差预报精度的研究不足的现状,文章结合灰色预报模型和最小二乘向量机预报模型的特点,研究建立灰色系统与最小二乘向量机的结合预报模型:引入惯性权值和加速度因子随优化代数变化的改进粒子群算法,以提高算法的优化能力;并用其对模型惩罚因子和核函数参数选取过程进行优化;选取具有代表性的卫星钟差数据,建立改进粒子群优化的GM-LSSVM模型进行短期钟差预报分析,并与传统的GM(1,1)预报模型和BP神经网络预报模型进行精度比较。仿真结果表明,优化后的模型预报精度优于GM(1,1)预报模型和BP神经网络模型。     

补偿最小二乘法改进灰色预测模型的应用分析

文章讨论了灰色预测模型和半参数模型,针对经典最小二乘在解算GM(1,1)模型待识别向量时存在的模型误差,采用将模型误差当作非参数信号的补偿最小二乘法进行数据处理.根据矿区变形观测特点,简要说明了正规矩阵R和平滑因子α的选取,并结合淮南市朱集矿地表移动观测站的实测数据对改正模型进行检验分析,结果表明:该方法可有效地削弱模型系统误差影响,提高预测模型精度.     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。