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利用长期GPS数据研究2008年汶川地震震后形变

采用2008年汶川M_W7.9地震震后7a的GPS连续站和流动站的长期观测资料,基于粘弹性松弛模型,利用PSGRN/PSCMP程序计算汶川震后形变,反演巴颜喀拉块体下的粘弹性参数。其中分层模型考虑巴颜喀拉块体下存在低速带,最优拟合的粘弹性松弛模型显示该低速带粘弹性参数为2.51×10¹⁸ Pa·s,而中下地壳粘弹性参数为3.98×10¹⁸ Pa·s。     

2008年汶川地震破裂向东北传播的应力作用证据

基于采用混合大地测量数据反演得到的破裂分布模型,从库仑应力的角度计算北川断层的破裂过程,为北川断层从西南向东北破裂提供应力作用上的证据。将北川断层分为5个断层,分别计算前续断层在后续断层上产生的库仑应力变化。结果显示：1）映秀-虹口段在龙门山-清平段上、龙门山-清平段在高川-北川段上、高川-北川段在北川-屏东段上和北川-屏东段在南坝-青川段上产生的库仑应力变化为正的区域占绝大部分;2）高川-北川段上有约81.7%的区域破裂主要是由龙门山-清平段的破裂触发,而前续断层（映秀-虹口段）对高川-北川段上的破裂影响很小;3）北川-屏东段上有约83.2%的区域破裂主要是由高川-北川段的破裂触发,而前续断层（映秀-虹口段和龙门山-清平段）对北川-屏东段上的破裂影响很小;4）南坝-青川段上有约99.4%的区域破裂主要是由北川-屏东段的破裂触发,而前续断层（映秀-虹口段、龙门山-清平段和高川-北川段）对北川-屏东段上的破裂影响很小。同时,计算北川断层对彭灌断裂的应力触发作用,推测映秀-虹口段的破裂触发了彭灌断裂上大部分区域的破裂,龙门山-清平段的破裂触发了彭灌断裂上一小部分区域的破裂。     

Rapid susceptibility mapping of co-seismic landslides triggered by the 2013 Lushan Earthquake using the regression model developed for the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake

The primary objective of landslide susceptibility mapping is the prediction of potential landslides in landslide-prone areas.The predictive power of a landslide susceptibility mapping model could be tested in an adjacent area of similar geoenvironmental conditions to find out the reliability.Both the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and the 2013 Lushan Earthquake occurred in the Longmen Mountain seismic zone,with similar topographical and geological conditions.The two earthquakes are both featured by thrust fault and similar seismic mechanism.This paper adopted the susceptibility mapping model of co-seismic landslides triggered by Wenchuan earthquake to predict the spatial distribution of landslides induced by Lushan earthquake.Six influencing parameters were taken into consideration: distance from the seismic fault,slope gradient,lithology,distance from drainage,elevation and Peak Ground Acceleration(PGA).The preliminary results suggested that the zones with high susceptibility of coseismic landslides were mainly distributed in the mountainous areas of Lushan,Baoxing and Tianquan counties.The co-seismic landslide susceptibility map was completed in two days after the quake and sent to the field investigators to provide guidance for rescue and relief work.The predictive power of the susceptibility map was validated by ROC curve analysis method using 2037 co-seismic landslides in the epicenter area.The AUC value of 0.710 indicated that the susceptibility model derived from Wenchuan Earthquake landslides showed good accuracy in predicting the landslides triggered by Lushan earthquake.     

2008年汶川MS8.0地震与2017年九寨沟MS7.0地震成因关系探讨

利用2008年汶川地震破裂模型及2017年九寨沟地震接收断层参数和断层面有效摩擦系数等不同模型参数,计算2008年汶川地震造成的库仑应力变化。结果显示,在考虑不同模型参数条件下,2017年九寨沟地震震源处的库仑应力增量（同震及震后）约为3~7 kPa,尚未达到地震触发阈值10 kPa。综合分析认为,2008年汶川地震对2017年九寨沟地震有一定的触发作用,但作用十分有限,九寨沟地震的发生主要受控于区域构造活动及地壳流变结构。分析不同参数对计算结果的影响发现,不同破裂模型的选取对2018年汶川地震计算结果的影响最大,这可能是导致前人研究结论产生差异的原因之一。     

汶川抗震救灾的基础地理信息综合应急服务

在5.12汶川特大地震抗震救灾中,国家测绘部门设计和组织实施了以数据成果服务、专用系统服务和专题制图服务为核心的基础地珲信息综合应急服务.其是针对汶川震区地形特点和抗震救灾主体工作需求,快速整合和提供震区已有的基础测绘成果和最新遥感影像资料;快速搭建集震区海量数据集成管理为一体并具备3维影像浏览、对比分析等功能的专用地理信息系统,为灾情评估分析和重建规划研究提供地理空间数据集成展示和分析平台;应需地制作反映受灾范围、受灾程度、救灾响应、规划思路等的各类专题地图和地图集,有效地表达地震灾害的时空分布、重建规划布局等.     

The genetic mechanism of Wenchuan Earthquake

The genetic mechanism of the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake is still being debated and there is still no convincing general explanation for most of the phenomena. This is because researchers have ignored the important role of the Minshan block in the seismogenic process. The authors present a new opinion based on geological survey and comprehensive analyses. The Minshan block is a key tectonic element of the earthquake occurrence in the northwest triangle faulty block of Sichuan Province. The Minshan block is bordered by Longmen Mountain Range fractures in the south, the Huya fracture in the east, the Tazang fracture in the north and the Mounigou Valley fracture in the west. The rigidity of the block is relatively larger than those of the adjacent regions. The block’s eastward movement pushed by regional maximum main geo-stress is limited when it suddenly tapers off near the east triangle end with a bottle-neck effect, and this causes geo-stress concentration around it. The shape of the block is coffin-like, wide in the upper part and narrow in the lower part. When a strong earthquake occurs along the block margins, the lock-up effect temporarily released, resulting in geo-stress transmitted to the Pingwu-Qingchuan (Motianling block) region. This transmission caused the Wenchuan earthquake’s aftershocks to be concentrated in Qingchuan region. As the block moved eastward, the back of the block, i.e. the south segment of Mounigou Valley fracture, became active after the Wenchuan Earthquake. Therefore the aftershocks were concentrated along the south segment of Mounigou Valley fracture. Because the south margin is composed of the front range fracture, the geo-stress gradually released, causing many aftershocks along the Guanxian-Anxian fracture. The geological survey made after the Wenchuan Earthquake reveals that the surface ruptures in the south margin of Minshan block occur not along the Beichuan-Yingxiu fracture (central fracture) also along the front range fracture. The length of the surface rupture in the south margin ranges from several meters to several kilometers and it is distributed in en echelon (closely-spaced, parallel or subparallel, step-like surface ruptures). The vertical and horizontal displacements range from place to place and the thrusting component is dominant in the middle segment of Longmen Mountain Range structure belt. Nevertheless, the strike slip of the surface ruptures is dominant in the north segment of Longmen Mountain Range structure belt. Therefore the south margin is the original seismic structure. The sudden thrusting of the south margin of the Minshan block is the source event for the Wenchuan Earthquake.     

汶川震区文家沟泥石流治理工程效果分析

汶川地震使文家沟内产生大型滑坡并解体成碎屑流堆积在沟道内,成为一条高频泥石流沟,在后期降雨作用下发生了多次泥石流灾害。根据文家沟泥石流的特点,采取了“水沙分离、固护拦停、监测维护”的治理措施进行综合治理,使泥石流起动方式由碎屑堆积体冲刷侵蚀转变为支沟沟床起动。治理后文家沟4个雨季内共发生了3次泥石流,治理工程有效减小了泥石流的规模和危害,但引水截流的实施也伴随了上游清淤等长期性的问题,需进一步重视。通过获得的降雨参数建立了文家沟泥石流临界雨量阈值模型,实施治理工程后泥石流临界雨量有明显提高,并逐年缓慢增长。      

Impact of the Wenchuan Earthquake on tourism in Sichuan, China

An intensive earthquake, the Wenchuan Earthquake of 8.0 on the Richter scale, struck western Sichuan, China on May 12, 2008. The earthquake has tremendously affected all industries in the quake-hit areas, with no exception ：of the local tourism. The study of the effect of the earthquake on tourism enriches the theory of tourism, and more importantly, it well serves as the foundation for policy making. The objective of this study is to outline for readers the empirical findings on the various ways that the earthquake affected the operations and viability of tourism in the quake-hit areas. This paper is mainly divided into 3 parts. The first part is to discuss the importance of tourism in the quake-hit areas. The second is to analyze the influencing factors of tourism. The third is to assess the impact of the earthquake on tourism in Sichuan in different seasons.     

2008年汶川MW7.9地震库仑应力变化的可靠性研究

基于2008年汶川M_W7.9地震精细的同震滑动分布模型,计算此次地震引起的周边地区库仑应力变化;利用变化系数(CV)评价库仑应力变化的可靠性,并评估接收断层走向、倾角、滑动角、摩擦系数、Skempton系数对库仑应力变化可靠性的影响;根据CV可靠阈值剔除不可靠库仑应力变化,分析可靠库仑应力变化与余震分布之间的关系。结果表明,库仑应力变化在正值区或负值区内部的可靠性较高,在接近正负值交界处库仑应力变化的可靠性急剧下降;接收断层倾角对库仑应力变化可靠性的影响最大;79.3%的余震位于可靠库仑应力变化分布区域,剔除不可靠库仑应力变化及不可靠库仑应力变化分布区域内余震后,余震触发率下降3.1%。