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华南、华东沿海登陆台风暴雨和大风的分析 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:9
利用国家气象局出版的1949~1996年台风资料,研究了华南、华东沿海登陆台风暴雨和大风特征.得出:华南沿海登陆台风主要集中在6~11月,8~9月的降水量最大,风速最大是8~9月;华东沿海登陆台风主要集中在7~9月,其降水量和风速都不亚于华南沿海登陆台风;华南和华东沿海各时段的登陆台风具有3~5年的周期振荡,一般在厄尔尼诺期间登陆台风次数减少,反厄尔尼诺期间登陆台风次数增加;西北太平洋副热带高压脊线位置与华南沿海6~7月登陆台风次数和副高北界位置与华南沿海6~7月及8~9月登陆台风次数的相关系数在统计学上达到0.05的显著性水平 相似文献
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利用逐小时风速观测资料以及台风年鉴资料,分析了2008~2014年登陆我国大陆地区的51次热带气旋(TC)的地面风场分布特征,包括TC登陆期间大陆地面风场演变和大风分布特征、海岛站和内陆站的风速差异以及海拔对风力造成的影响等。结果表明:6级及以上大风主要发生在距离TC中心300 km内、TC强度达到台风(TY)以上时,并主要位于TC移动方向的右侧,尤其是右前象限;华南区TC风场分布主要由在此区域登陆的TC(Ⅰ类)造成,较大风速区包括广东西南部沿海、雷州半岛附近和海南西部沿岸;华东区TC风场分布主要由在此区域登陆的TC(Ⅱ类)造成,杭州湾出海口以及浙闽沿海是较大风速区;6级及以上大风广泛分布在华南和华东沿海,6~7级地面大风高频站主要位于杭州湾附近,8级及以上地面大风高频站点在杭州湾和福建沿海分布比广东西南部更为密集;TC登陆前后均可能造成大风,大风出现时间与站点至TC中心的距离密切相关;同等强度TC在海岛站造成的风速比陆地站更大,对高海拔站点造成的风力大于低海拔站点。本文研究结论对于TC大陆地面风场的预报具有一定参考价值。 相似文献
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利用1987-2016年福建省沿海台风大风资料、美国NCEP再分析资料和FY2C卫星云顶亮温(TBB)资料,采用统计和天气学诊断方法,对台湾海峡西岸台风大风和极端大风进行定义并对特征进行分析。结果表明:台湾海峡西岸台风大风以7-9级为主,极端大风在10-14级,海峡西岸中部是大风重灾区。将研究时段内的台风大风样本按路径归为4类,发现产生大风的台风以登陆闽中北-浙中和登陆闽南-粤东路径居多,大风区总体位于登陆台风路径的右侧。对0608号"桑美"和1614号"莫兰蒂"产生极端大风的典型个例对比研究发现,地面北高南低形势及气压梯度越密集越有利于大风提早产生,台风上空中层冷平流侵入激发低层中尺度对流发展强盛是导致地面大风增强的可能成因。 相似文献
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影响河南的登陆台风分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
统计了1949~1998年从闽、浙登陆台风的气候特征及河南台风暴雨概况,并利用天气学方法对台风登陆后的移动路径进行了概括和分析,以期为这类台风的降水预报提供参考. 相似文献
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登陆台风近地层湍流特征观测分析 总被引:15,自引:1,他引:15
在对多个登陆台风实地观测的基础上,选取出较有代表性的实验观测个例:“黄蜂”、“杜鹃”和“黑格比”3个登陆台风,分析探讨在登陆台风的中心、靠近中心位置的强烈影响区域和台风外围环流影响地区近地层湍流特征,以期对登陆台风的边界层湍流过程有所认识。观测资料分析显示,在登陆台风的中心及其强烈影响的区域:(1)风速和湍流强度均有强烈的变化;(2)水平湍流积分尺度明显增大,越靠近中心位置,增大越明显,而垂直方向没有明显变化;(3)在湍流谱的低频和高频区,湍能均可增大1~2个量级,其中垂直方向湍能增大的幅度略小于水平方向;(4)湍谱在惯性子区u,v,w3个方向的分布均不满足-5/3次方律,存在较大偏移,而在台风外围环流影响区和无台风影响时,则无上述的4个特征。 相似文献
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强台风“黑格比”实测海上风电机组极端风况特征参数分析和讨论 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
利用广东近海海上一座100 m高气象塔上设置的三维超声测风仪获取的强台风“黑格比”过程实测数据,分析研究海上风电机组在强台风影响下极端载荷参数的变化特征,通过仪器直接测量的参数与IEC 61400-1规范(由国际电工委员会制定)推荐方法计算结果的对比,研究该规范推荐的风电机组极端载荷参数计算方法在台风条件下的适用性。研究结果表明:(1) 强台风“黑格比”在近海海面上产生的极端操作阵风风速和极端风向变幅的过程变化均呈“M”型双峰分布,最大值均出现在台风眼壁强风区;(2) 由仪器直接测量的极端操作阵风风速和极端风向变幅值与根据IEC公式计算结果差别明显;(3) 台风强风影响产生的极端操作阵风和极端风向变幅参数均出现超越IEC给出的三种标准类型风电机组的设计上限标准;并且IEC公式计算值比仪器直接测量值显著偏大;(4) 在风电机组处于满发、切出和停机生存等工况下,IEC公式计算和仪器直接测量的极端操作阵风基本一致,但IEC公式对极端风向变幅的计算值要比仪器直接测量值大。与IEC的风电机组设计标准相比,仪器直接测量的极端操作阵风在时间周期1~3.5 s和7~10 s区间超出标准,但极端风向变幅一般不会突破IEC的风电机组设计标准。 相似文献
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台风Haitang和Matsa引发浙江暴雨强度和分布的对比分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以2005年两个严重影响浙江台风Haitang和Matsa为研究对象,首先对两次台风暴雨过程在强度和落区上的相似和差异进行了比较,指出两者都给浙江带来了大范围的暴雨天气,并且最大降水中心都出现在台风登陆点北侧;虽然Haitang先在福建登陆、且登陆时强度不及Matsa,但其雨量明显大于后者。然后从台风的强度、移速、结构、环境场、地形等多个方面对两次台风暴雨过程进行了比较分析,结果表明:台风暴雨的非对称分布与台风结构、水汽输送、地形密切相关。高温高湿在台风的北侧表现得比南侧更为强烈,水汽含量也更为丰富。Haitang降水量大于Matsa则是多种因素共同作用的结果,弱冷空气的侵入、动力场上较Matsa减弱得更为缓慢,均有利于降水的增加和持续;Haitang影响前控制浙江气团的“冷场”性质和影响期间移速缓慢也对暴雨增幅起到了促进作用。 相似文献
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我国热带气旋登陆时间日变化特征分析 总被引:8,自引:9,他引:8
利用1949~1999年<热带气旋年鉴>所给出的有关资料,分析了热带气旋登陆我国时间的变化特征.结果显示登陆时间具有某些日变化特征.就全国而言,登陆时间在夜晚和上午时段的出现频率较大,凌晨04~07时和下午13~18时出现频率较小.这一出现频率的日变化分布特征在广东表现得最为明显,登陆我国其它地区的时间日变化不明显.分析表明,较弱的热带气旋、登陆过程中强度减弱的热带气旋的登陆时间具有显著的日变化特征. 相似文献
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在 2020 年 8 月 3—5 日台风“黑格比”登陆期间,浙江地区出现了强降水。利用中国自动站与 CMORPH融合降水产品及ERA5再分析资料进行分析,表明浙江地区强降水分两个阶段。为探究两个阶段降 水成因,采用扰动天气图方法、拉格朗日轨迹追踪模式HYSPLIT与FLEXPART(the Flexible Particle Model)重点 分析浙江地区强降水期间水汽输送特征,结果表明伴随强盛西南夏季风环流的水汽通道起着重要作用。最后, 利用中尺度模式WRF_ARW进行了水汽条件的敏感性试验,进一步验证了西南季风水汽输送的重要性。在台 风登陆降水预报过程中,需要关注西南夏季风背景下不同水汽输送影响。 相似文献
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DIAGNOSIS OF WAVE ACTIVITY OVER RAINBAND OF LANDFALL TYPHOON 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A generalized wave-activity density, which is defined as an absolute value of production of
three-dimensional vorticity vector perturbation and gradient of general potential temperature perturbation,
is introduced and its wave-activity law is derived in Cartesian coordinates. Constructed in an agoestrophic
and nonhydrostatic dynamical framework, the generalized wave-activity law may be applicable to diagnose
mesoscale weather systems leading to heavy rainfall. The generalized wave-activity density and
wave-activity flux divergence were calculated with the objective analysis data to investigate the character
of wave activity over heavy-rainfall regions. The primary dynamical processes responsible for disturbance
associated with heavy rainfall were also analyzed. It was shown that the generalized wave-activity density
was closely correlated to the observed 6-h accumulative rainfall. This indicated that the wave activity or
disturbance was evident over the frontal and landfall-typhoon heavy-rainfall regions in middle and lower
troposphere. For the landfall-typhoon rainband, the portion of generalized wave-activity flux divergence,
denoting the interaction between the basic-state cyclonic circulation of landfall typhoon and mesoscale
waves, was the primary dynamic process responsible for the evolution of generalized wave-activity density. 相似文献
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Study was carried out on two landfall typhoons Haitang and Matsa, which affected Zhejiang province seriously in 2005. Firstly, the similarity and difference between the two typhoon-induced heavy rains were compared and it was pointed out that both of them brought strong large-scale precipitation and the maximum centers of rainfall were located on the north side of the landfall site. Making landfall on Fujian, Haitang was weaker than Matsa in intensity but surpassed it in rainfall. Then with focus on intensity, moving speed, structure of typhoon, circulation and terrain, the two typhoon-related heavy rains were compared and analyzed. Results show that the asymmetrical distribution of rainfall was closely related to the structure of typhoons themselves, moisture transportation and mesoscale terrain. In contrast to the south side, the north side was hotter and wetter and water vapor was also more abundant. The phenomenon of more rainfall induced by Haitang was in connection with the following reasons. Invading cold air led to rainfall increases, weakened dynamic field and slower movement both benefited precipitation. For the last part, the cold characteristic of air mass over Zhejiang was also a favorable factor for the rain. 相似文献
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Leveraging the commercial CFD software FLUENT, the fine-scale three-dimensional wind structure over the Paiya Mountains on the Dapeng Peninsula near Shenzhen, a city on the seashore of South China Sea, during the landfall of Typhoon Molave has been simulated and analyzed. Through the study, a conceptual wind structure model for mountainous areas under strong wind condition is established and the following conclusions are obtained as follows: (1) FLUENT can reasonably simulate a three-dimensional wind structure over mountainous areas under strong wind conditions; (2) the kinetic effect of a mountain can intensify wind speed in the windward side of the mountain and the area over the mountain peak; and (3) in the leeward side of the mountain, wind speed is relatively lower with relatively stronger wind shear and turbulence. 相似文献
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Observational data of the severe typhoon Hagupit are obtained by a 3-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer which is installed on a 100-meter-high meteorological tower located at an islet off the coast of Guangdong.The characteristics of the extreme wind load parameters for offshore wind turbines under the influence of extreme winds at severe typhoon intensity are analyzed.By comparing the observed data with the results derived from the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard 61400-1,the applicability of the methods computing extreme wind load parameters in the IEC standard are investigated under typhoon conditions.The results are as follows.(1) The changes of both the offshore extreme gust wind speeds and the extreme wind directions render a "M" shape bi-modal distribution with peak values in the eyewall region of Hagupit.(2) There are significant differences of amplitudes of the observed extreme operating gust wind speeds and extreme wind direction from the results calculated from the IEC standard.(3) The amplitudes of both the extreme operating gust wind speeds and the extreme directions exceed the upper limits of the IEC standard for three standard classes of wind turbines,and the values calculated by IEC standard are much significantly larger than the measured ones.(4) The observed extreme operating gust wind speeds are consistent with the results calculated by the IEC standard when wind turbines are under full or partial workload or cut-off conditions,although the amplitude of extreme wind directions calculated in terms of the IEC standard is larger than that of direct measurements.Measured extreme operating gust wind speeds sometimes exceed the IEC design criteria. 相似文献
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用QuikSCAT资料分析"黄蜂"登陆前后近地层风场的分布特征 总被引:3,自引:4,他引:3
利用QuikSCAT资料对"黄蜂"近地层风场分布的演变特征进行了诊断分析.并采用了离散余弦转换(DCT)对其方差的波谱结构进行了讨论.结果表明台风近地层风场分布具有明显的不对称性,其方差大部分产生于波数1和2的气流中,并且与波的方向有关.当台风沿纬向西移时,有两个纬向排列的波谱中心,主要是纬向波数2和经向波数1的气流;而当台风沿径向北上时,有两个经向排列的波谱中心,主要是纬向波数1和经向波数2的气流.波数1的气流对切向风的方差做主要贡献,波数2的气流对径向风的方差做主要贡献.不对称性分布的特征随大尺度环境场和台风自转气旋环流的改变而改变.当台风靠近大陆时台风大风出现的在台风前进方向前沿,类似于陈联寿等分析的第二类台风大风模式,在左前方是西北偏北大风,在右前方是东南大风. 相似文献