东秦岭钼铅锌银多金属矿集区地球物理场特征及综合信息找矿模型

东秦岭地区是我国重要的钼矿资源产地,已查明大型、超大型斑岩型钼(钨)矿床十多处;在这些钼(钨)矿床外围,近年又找到了许多达中大型规模的脉型铅锌银(金)矿床,形成钼(钨)铅锌银(金)多金属矿集区。区内众多的矿集区均分布于重磁推断的隐伏岩体(基)区及其边部附近,矿床的形成严格受隐伏岩体的侵入形态、顶面深度和所处构造的控制,二者具有非常明显的时空关系。研究矿集区地球物理场特征,推定隐伏岩体和断裂构造的分布,是深部找矿工作的有效途径。通过研究矿集区和典型矿床的地质特征和重、磁、电异常特征,建立了矿田和矿床的地质成矿模型和综合信息找矿模型。地质成矿模型描述了隐伏岩体、小花岗斑岩体和钼(钨)铅锌银(金)矿床的顺序约束,即隐伏岩体控制小花岗斑岩体的形成,小花岗斑岩体控制钼(钨)铅锌银(金)矿床的形成;综合信息找矿模型包括隐伏岩体、小花岗斑岩体和矿体(矿化体)的重、磁、电异常标志。根据找矿模型进行了深部找矿预测。研究成果对在东秦岭地区进行深部找矿工作具有重要意义。     

东秦岭栾川铅锌银矿田辉长岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及成矿时代

东秦岭栾川地区是著名的钼钨和铅锌多金属矿田.矿田内铅锌银矿床的成因及其与晚中生代构造岩浆活动关系一直存在诸多争论,其症结之一就是缺少可靠的同位素定年数据.铅锌银矿床赋存于中-晚元古代浅变质碳酸盐建造,野外地质观察发现碳酸盐-硫化物脉体及细粒黄铁矿呈细脉或浸染状沿辉长岩裂隙分布.辉长岩中锆石为无色透明柱状晶体,阴极发光图像显示清晰的震荡韵律环带,SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为147.5±1.7 Ma,MSWD=1.5.根据铅锌矿脉与辉长岩穿插关系,断定成矿作用晚于辉长岩结晶年龄,即不早于147.5±1.7 Ma.     

东秦岭钼矿床及其深部构造制约

在东秦岭地区分布14个大型、中、小型的钼矿床，构成了长200km、宽20km的巨量钼矿化集中区。根据对钼矿床特征分析，矿床形成在燕山期活动的中酸性小岩体内部、接触带和外围，岩石类型主要有花岗斑岩和石英二长岩，它们具有较高的酸、碱和钾含量特征。主要的矿床类型有：①斑岩型钼矿；②斑岩．夕卡岩型钼矿；③夕卡岩型钼矿；④爆破角砾岩型钼矿；⑤热液脉型钼矿。尽管这些矿床类型不同，但是他们都与花岗斑岩的活动有关，深部格子状构造控制了一系列中酸性花岗岩浆的侵位和构造-岩浆-流体成矿作用。     

论东秦岭秋树湾铜钼矿区扩大找矿的有利因素

作为东秦岭铜钼矿带上重要的铜钼矿区,秋树湾及其外围的找矿工作一直未取得重大突破,因此,明确秋树湾岩体形态及位置是扩大找矿的关键所在。本文通过分析成矿母岩、蚀变及矿化分带,结合遥感、地球物理探测技术,总结出研究区矿化蚀变分带模型,并利用钻孔验证,在秋树湾矿区先期取得了找矿突破。在理论和实践上指出:秋树湾斑岩体为本区的成矿母岩;埋深在1000m以下仍存在花岗斑岩体,深部斑岩体是重要的找矿方向;近南北向断裂为岩浆沿断裂从东向北西倾入提供了通道,岩体具有西浅东深的特点。     

华南地区中生代主要金属矿床模型

本文在总结华南地区中生代主要金属矿床出现的三个阶段,即晚三叠世（230~210 Ma）、晚侏罗世（170~150 Ma）和早—中白垩世（134~80 Ma,集中在110~80 Ma）的基础上,通过成矿环境和成矿年龄的分析研究,基于前人的工作基础,对不同阶段典型的矿床组合建立或补充完善了4个矿床模型。包括170~160 Ma中侏罗世斑岩—矽卡岩型铜矿模型,160~150 Ma晚侏罗世与花岗岩有关的钨锡矿床模型,白垩纪浅成低温热液型铜金银矿床模型及白垩纪锡钨多金属矿床模型。上述矿床模型的建立将有助于在华南地区和类似的地质环境中开展找矿评价和勘查。     

东秦岭钼矿床及其深部构造制约

在东秦岭地区分布14个大型、中、小型的钼矿床,构成了长200 km、宽20 km的巨量钼矿化集中区.根据对钼矿床特征分析,矿床形成在燕山期活动的中酸性小岩体内部、接触带和外围,岩石类型主要有花岗斑岩和石英二长岩,它们具有较高的酸、碱和钾含量特征.主要的矿床类型有:①斑岩型钼矿;②斑岩-夕卡岩型钼矿;③夕卡岩型钼矿;④爆破角砾岩型钼矿;⑤热液脉型钼矿.尽管这些矿床类型不同,但是他们都与花岗斑岩的活动有关,深部格子状构造控制了一系列中酸性花岗岩浆的侵位和构造-岩浆-流体成矿作用.     

东秦岭骆驼沟银多金属矿矿床地质特征

骆驼沟银多金属矿区位于东秦岭褶皱带东段之朱阳关-夏馆断裂和黄花幔花岗岩体南部.朱阳关-夏馆断裂带是一个锑、金、银、铅、锌、铜、钼多金属成矿带,2003年发现了骆驼沟银多金属矿床.该区银多金属矿具有较好的找矿潜力.虽然本区内的地质找矿工作开展较早,但只进行了铜矿的地质普查.本文通过银多金属矿的地质普查,对矿床的地质特征进行了总结.     

东秦岭南泥湖钼铅锌银多金属矿田地球物理场特征与深部找矿预测

南泥湖钼多金属矿田是中国重要的钼(钨)铅锌银多金属矿产地,已探明超大型钼(钨)矿床3处,大型钼(钨)矿床3处,中、大型铅锌银(金)矿床10余处。矿田具有优越的地质成矿条件,深部找矿潜力巨大。现有矿产勘查深度主要是500 m以浅范围,深部(500~2000 m)找矿工作基本为空白,需要使用综合地球物理方法研究深部成矿规律,预测新的矿产资源。文章通过研究该区地质、地球物理场特征和典型矿床物探异常特征,取得了有意义的研究成果。(1)确定了与成矿关系密切的隐伏岩体侵入模型:将全区隐伏岩体从南至北分为3个区,Ⅰ区隐伏岩体顶面深度0~800 m,分布面积约125 km~2;Ⅱ区隐伏岩体顶面深度0.8~1.5 km,分布面积约158 km~2;Ⅲ区隐伏岩体顶面深度1.5~3 km,分布面积约233 km~2。(2)建立了立体成矿模型(根据成矿空间位置的不同从地表向下分为4个空间成矿区)和综合地球物理找矿模型(包括隐伏岩体、隐伏岩体顶上带、岩钟和斑岩体、矿体和矿化体的地球物理场标志)。(3)指出隐伏岩体顶上带及其上方的岩钟、岩脉、岩枝和小斑岩体等是成矿有利部位。(4)预测了找矿潜力;总结了寻找钼钨铅锌银金矿产的勘查方法技术组合。研究成果对在该区和类似矿区进行深部找矿工作具有重要意义。     

东秦岭斑岩型钼矿地质地球化学特征

东秦岭地区是中国著名的有色金属成矿带，钼矿资源十分丰富，各种类型的钼矿床（点）星罗棋布。既有单一的钼矿床，也有以钼为主，伴生铼、金、钨、铜、铁等的多组分矿床。尤其近几年的地质大调查工作，发现不少不同类型的大型钼矿。     

东秦岭冷水北沟铅锌银矿床同位素地球化学特征

依据一系列样品的测试数据,对河南省栾川县冷水北沟铅锌银矿床同位素地球化学特征进行分析研究,以反映东秦岭铅锌银矿床成矿系统中的元素变化规律,主要分析了矿床的成矿物质来源、成矿热液的组成以及成矿环境的变化等。利用石英40Ar3-9Ar年龄测定,求得矿床含银铅锌石英脉是燕山晚期成矿过程中的产物,这在找矿实践中具有较高的利用价值。     

Distal Pb-Zn-Ag veins associated with the world-class Donggou porphyry Mo deposit,southern North China craton

The southern North China craton hosts numerous world-class porphyry Mo and Pb-Zn-Ag vein deposits. Whether or not the Pb-Zn-Ag veins are genetically associated with the porphyry Mo system remains contentious. Here we focus on the genetic relationships between the Sanyuangou Pb-Zn-Ag vein deposit and the world-class Donggou porphyry Mo deposit, and discuss the potential implications from the spatial and temporal relationships between porphyry and vein systems in the southern North China craton.At Sanyuangou, vein-hosted sulfide mineralization mainly comprises pyrite, sphalerite, and galena, with minor chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, bornite, tetrahedrite, covellite, polybasite and argentite. The mineralization is hosted by a quartz diorite stock, which has a zircon U-Pb age of 1756 ± 9 Ma. However, sericite from alteration selvages of Pb-Zn-Ag sulfide mineralization yields a well-defined ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar plateau age of 115.9 ± 0.9 Ma. Although nominally younger, the sericite ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age is similar to the age of the nearby Donggou porphyry Mo deposit (zircon U-Pb age of 117.8 ± 0.9; molybdenite Re-Os ages of 117.5 ± 0.8 Ma and 116.4 ± 0.6 Ma). Pyrite from Donggou has elevated contents of Mo and Bi, whereas pyrite from Sanyuangou is enriched in Cu, Zn, Pb, Ag, Au, and As. This trace element pattern is consistent with metal zonation typically observed in porphyry related metallogenic systems. Pyrite grains from Sanyuangou have lead isotopes overlapping those from Donggou (17.273–17.495 vs. 17.328–17.517 for ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, 15.431–15.566 vs. 15.408–15.551 for ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, and 37.991–38.337 vs. 38.080–38.436 for ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb). Collectively, the geological, geochronological, and geochemical data support a magmatic-hydrothermal origin for the Sanyuangou Pb-Zn-Ag deposit and confirm that the Pb-Zn-Ag veins and the Donggou Mo deposit form a porphyry-related magmatic-hydrothermal system.Given the widespread Pb-Zn-Ag veins and Mo mineralized porphyries in many districts of the southern North China craton, the model derived from this study has broad implications for further exploration of Mo and Pb-Zn-Ag resources in the area.     

长江中下游成矿带铜陵矿集区铜多金属矿床模型

通过对长江中下游成矿带的系统考察和对前人资料的阅读和研究,聚焦铜陵矿集区,初步提出了一个可以涵盖不同类型矿床的矿床模型.该模型表达为:在早白垩世高钾钙碱性花岗岩侵位过程中,通过岩浆的分馏演化,在岩体隆起部位及其内外接触带形成斑岩-矽卡岩型矿床,由于广泛发育石炭纪至三叠纪碳酸盐岩.钙质和镁质矽卡岩型矿床是最主要的矿床类型.作为斑岩-矽卡岩型矿床系统的一部分,在斑岩-矽卡岩铜金钼矿床外围分布有矽卡岩铜金矿床、脉状金矿床以及脉状铅锌银矿床.长江中下游地区在三叠纪曾作为大别-苏鲁造山带的前陆盆地,在后碰撞时期出现了大量滑覆构造和扩容空间,它们在不整合界面处十分发育.因此,在成矿过程中不仅形成了像新桥那样的厚大矿体,而且在位于不整合界面附近的矽卡岩往往退化蚀变成为具有典型层纹状和曲卷状构造的退化蚀变岩和矿石,甚至沿一些层位交代形成了层控矽卡岩型或Manto型矿体.此外,还提出了运用该模型开展勘查评价的建议.     

西秦岭太阳山斑岩铜-钼矿床岩体氧逸度及成矿意义

甘肃天水三叠纪太阳山斑岩铜钼矿床位于西秦岭造山带东段。矿体主要赋存于石英闪长斑岩、二长斑岩、石英二长斑岩和泥盆系大草滩群。氧逸度是表征岩石物理化学性质的重要参数,对岩浆热液成矿具有明显的控制作用。在综合评述常用氧逸度计算方法及适用性的前提下,文中应用激光剥蚀等离子质谱分析方法对太阳山矿床含矿岩体锆石微量元素进行测定,选用含量较高的Sm、Nd进行Ce异常计算,查明含矿斑岩岩浆氧逸度,探讨其成矿意义。太阳山矿床岩浆氧逸度计算结果表明,太阳山成矿二长斑岩和石英二长斑岩相对氧逸度ΔFMQ分别为+3.04和+3.15,成矿前石英闪长斑岩相对氧逸度ΔFMQ为-1.83,成矿岩体氧逸度明显高于成矿前岩体。成矿岩体岩浆氧逸度高于成矿前岩体的原因可能与富集地幔有关。富集岩石圈地幔的加入,带来了大量的硫和金属铜,并提高了岩浆氧逸度。     

内蒙古迪彦钦阿木斑岩钼矿床绿泥石和绿帘石矿物化学特征及其成矿指示意义

迪彦钦阿木矿床位于大兴安岭中段二连浩特-东乌旗多金属成矿带,是区内新近发现的一个超大型斑岩钼矿床.为了厘清蚀变矿物的成分对找矿的指示意义,文章运用电子探针和LA-ICP-MS对迪彦钦阿木矿床青磐岩化带绿帘石亚带的绿泥石和绿帘石的主微量元素成分进行了分析.电子探针数据表明,这些绿泥石属于铁斜绿泥石(辉绿泥石).绿泥石四面...     

豫西狮子庙金钼矿田矿床模型

在豫西熊耳山地区马超营断裂带中段新近探明的石瑶沟大型斑岩型钼矿,与周围的脉型金矿床构成了狮子庙金钼矿田。斑岩钼矿与外围分布的脉状金矿(铅锌银)具有明显的时空关系,钼-金矿化与燕山期隐伏花岗斑岩体关系密切。石瑶沟斑岩钼矿的外围有一些脉状金矿发育,伴生铅锌银矿,产于斑岩钼矿外围围岩断裂内。这种钼与金矿的密切时空分布关系构成一个很好的成矿系统,斑岩钼矿与金矿互为找矿的指示标志。通过建立矿床模型,在详查过程中取得了很好的找矿效果,对区域找矿具有一定的借鉴意义。     

胶东脉型金矿定量统计模型

胶东存在中深成和浅成两类脉型金矿。定量统计模型研究发现，形成于 挤压地球动力学环境的中深成脉型金矿，成矿深度相对深，规模大，矿化强，形成于拉张地球动力学环境的浅成脉型金矿，成矿深度相对浅，规模小，矿化弱。     

西秦岭温泉斑岩钼矿床复式岩体岩浆氧逸度对成矿的制约

温泉斑岩钼矿床位于西秦岭东段,是该区发现的一个具有大型矿前景的斑岩型钼矿床。围岩温泉复式岩体发育5个岩相单元(Ⅰ~Ⅴ),钼矿体(化)主要赋存于复式岩体Ⅱ单元富含镁铁质包体的黑云母二长花岗斑岩和Ⅲ单元富含镁铁质包体的似斑状二长花岗岩及其接触带内,其余岩相(包括单元Ⅴ似斑状正长花岗岩)很少发育矿化。该研究使用全岩地球化学数据和锆石微量元素含量数据,计算得到不同岩相单元的氧逸度。Ⅱ单元和Ⅲ单元含矿斑岩相对氧逸度ΔFMQ分别为1.35和1.38。Ⅰ单元黑云母花岗岩和Ⅳ单元二长花岗斑岩相对氧逸度ΔFMQ分别为-0.61和-0.73,明显低于含矿斑岩。富集地幔物质的加入与否可能是造成不同岩相之间氧逸度差异的主要原因。高氧逸度的熔体可以将秦岭地区古生代富钼沉积物中的钼氧化萃取出来,并使钼与高价态硫络合,不断在熔体中高度富集,最终成矿。氧逸度较低的熔体很难萃取和保存足够的钼,因而很少发育矿化。     

Molybdenum deposits in the eastern Qinling,central China: constraints on the geodynamics

More than a dozen molybdenum prospects, distributed within a zone about 200 km long and 20 km wide, have been discovered in the Eastern Qinling orogenic belt, central China. These deposits are mainly hosted within small, dominantly granoporphyritic and quartz monzonitic intrusions of Cretaceous age. They can be classified into five groups based on spatial relationships between the ores and intrusions: porphyry-type, transitional-type (between porphyry and skarn), skarn-type, vent breccia-type, and hydrothermal vein-type Mo deposits. Regional geologic relations and deep-seated structures define the presence of the Luanchuan syncline, an EW-striking west-dipping depression located beneath the Mo-bearing metallogenic zone. Because the axis of the syncline is west-dipping in the study area and the crust overlying it is thickened, the stress is inhomogeneous, resulting in a S–N compressive stress in the deep crust and development of a set of NE-oriented extension-shear faults. These faults are superimposed on the W–E-striking deep-seated faults parallel to the ancient continental margin. The two groups form a chequerboard-like assemblage of deep-seated faults, providing channels for ascending ore fluids derived from crust–mantle interaction and space for subsequent ore precipitation. These faults controlled the emplacement of a series of intermediate-acid granite magmas and also contributed significantly to the distribution of the various Eastern Qinling ore deposits.     

Types,features, and prospecting potential for Mesozoic metal ore deposits in Zhejiang Province,southeast China

The geotectonic units of Zhejiang Province include the Yangtze Plate in the northwest juxtaposed against the South China fold system in the southeast along the Jiangshan–Shaoxing fault. The South China fold system is further divided into the Chencai–Suichang uplift belt and the Wenzhou–Linhai geotectogene belt, whose boundary is the Yuyao–Lishui fault. The corresponding metallogenic belts are the Mo–Au(–Pb–Zn–Cu) metallogenic belt in northwest Zhejiang, the Chencai–Suichang Au–Ag–Pb–Zn–Mo metallogenic belt, and the coastal Ag–Pb–Zn–Mo–Au metallogenic belt. The main Mesozoic metal ore deposits include epithermal Au–Ag(Ag), hydrothermal vein-type Ag–Pb–Zn(Cu), and porphyry–skarn-type Mo and vein-type Mo deposits. These ore bodies are related to the Mesozoic volcanic-intrusive structure: the epithermal Au–Ag(Ag) deposits are represented by the Zhilingtou Au–Ag deposit and Houan Ag deposit and their veins are controlled by volcanic structure; the hydrothermal vein-type Ag–Pb–Zn deposits are represented by the Dalingkou Ag–Pb–Zn deposit and also controlled by volcanic structure; and the porphyry–skarn-type Mo deposits are represented by the Tongcun Mo deposit and the vein-type Mo deposits are represented by the Shipingchuan Mo deposit, all of which are related to granite porphyries. These metal ore deposits have close spatio-temporal relationships with each other; both the epithermal Au–Ag(Ag) deposits and the hydrothermal vein-type Ag–Pb–Zn deposits exhibit vertical zonations of the metallic elements and form a Mo–Pb–Zn–Au–Ag metallogenetic system. These Jurassic–Cretaceous deposits may be products of tectonic-volcanic-intrusive magmatic activities during the westward subduction of the Pacific Plate. Favourable metallogenetic conditions and breakthroughs in the recent prospecting show that there is great resource potential for porphyry-type deposits (Mo, Cu) in Zhejiang Province.