非牛顿多方渗流方程的全局和爆破解

本文主要研究一个具非局部源和加权非局部边界条件的非牛顿多方渗流方程的正解的全局存在和爆破。首先证明本文的主要工具-弱比较原理,然后通过构造各种上下解来讨论解的行为,并得到了方程解的全局存在和爆破的充分条件。     

具有变系数梯度项的半线性椭圆型方程组解的存在性问题

本文研究一类包含变系数梯度项的半线性椭圆型耦合方程组解的存在性与不存在性问题。利用径向解方法、反证法和极值原理,得到了有界全局正解和整大解存在的充分必要条件及整大解和大解不存在的充分条件,找到了梯度项的加权系数对方程组解的影响。     

一类反应扩散方程正解的存在性和爆破性

本文研究一类具有非局部非线性Neumann边界条件和非线性吸收项的非局部反应扩散方程解的性质。通过构造适当的上下解方法,给出正解全局与非全局存在性的充分条件。     

波浪非线性弥散关系及其应用

针对Hedges及Kirby等对Kirby和Dahymple的非线性弥散关系的修正关系,在小波陡时中等水深范围存在较大偏差的问题,给出了一个新的非线性弥散关系。比较可知,新的关系在小波陡时减小了中等水深范围内50％的误差,而在大波陡时能够保持其单调性,且形式上更为简练。将其应用于含弱非线性效应的缓坡方程进行数值验证,结果表明,采用新的非线性弥散关系得到的计算结果与实测结果更为吻合。     

CTD资料正态性检验方法的探讨

对经预处理并去倾后的ＣＴＤ温一深序列了正态性检验。检验时先用根据序列的自回归模型构成的滤波器去序列元素间之相关性产生白噪声序列，而后用Ｘ＾２－拟合优度检验法对此白噪声序列作正态性检验，得到了较合理的结果。     

弱凝胶体系地层流体转向技术在海上稠油油田的应用

稠油油田注水开发过程中,受不利流度比和非均质性的影响,注入水沿高渗层突进,造成油井暴性水淹,严重影响水驱开发效果。针对海上稠油油田的开发特点和存在问题,对弱凝胶体系的适用性进行了分析,对影响凝胶体系调驱的关键参数进行了优化。结果表明,原油黏度影响弱凝胶调驱效果,随着黏度的增大调驱效果有变差趋势。在含水率40％以后,注入时机越晚,调驱效果越差。注入量越大,调驱效果越好,在实际生产过程中考虑注入能力和经济因素应采取合理的注入量。先导性弱凝胶试验的成功,为海上稠油油田的稳油控水工作指明了方向。     

海浪日最大波高序列的一种标度性质

应用重标度分析方法研究小麦岛海洋观测站１９６１－１９８０年二十年海浪日最大波高序列时发现，该序列并不是相互独立的，而是具有记忆性和持久性，详细的论证表明分式布朗运动模型是描述海浪日最大波高序列的一个较好的模型，同时，应用分式布朗运动模型我们找到了存在于海浪日最大波高序列中的一种标度性质－累积离差（ｔ）的统计自仿射性。     

自杀者的童年阴影

来自加拿大麦吉尔大学的一个研究小组发现，那些以自杀来结束生命的人的大脑与正常人的大脑有很大不同。即使“自杀者”大脑和“非自杀者”大脑在基因序列上差别不大，它们在“表观遗传标记”方面却存在明显不同。表观遗传学研究的是基因功能的改变，而这种改变并不涉及DNA序列的变化。遗传自父母的DNA，其序列在人的一生中不会改变，身体各部位的DNA序列相同。     

绿潮爆发后青岛海域石莼属绿藻的多样性分析

绿潮爆发后在青岛沿海潮间带采集了12株石莼属绿藻,形态学结合分子生物学手段对这些绿藻进行多样性鉴定。经过PCR扩增获得了12株藻的核糖体转录间隔区(ITS)序列以及完整的5.8SrDNA序列。经过序列分析发现,不同藻株的ITS区域在序列长度上存在差异;G+C含量也存在差异,但是都处于较高的水平,最高的接近72%。ITS区域多序列比对结果及系统发育分析显示这些藻株存在种的多样性,而且由分子鉴定得出的多样性与形态上呈现的多样性并不完全一致。本研究结果显示在青岛海域绿潮爆发后石莼藻类仍然存在较好的多样性。     

基于脉冲和时滞效应的拟线性双曲系统的(强)振动性分析

脉冲偏微分系统能够成功地应用于力学、理论物理、化学及人口动力学、生物工程、最优控制和经济学等方面的数学模拟。振动性理论作为脉冲偏微分系统定性理论的重要分支之一,对其进行研究具有极大的理论意义与实用价值。本文考虑一类基于脉冲和时滞效应的拟线性双曲系统的(强)振动性问题,直接从(强)振动的定义出发,借助新的处理拟线性扩散项的技巧、Green散度定理和第二类边界条件把这类系统解的振动问题转化为脉冲时滞微分不等式不存在最终正解的问题,并利用二阶脉冲时滞微分不等式的某些结果,建立了该类系统在第二类边界条件下所有有界解(强)振动的若干充分判据,结论充分地表明系统振动是由脉冲量和时滞量引起的,"强振动性"的判别条件比"振动性"的判别条件更强些。     

Microbial Biomass and Organic Nutrients in the Deep-Sea Sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin

In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification

An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Deep-Sea Sediment Compression Curves: Some Controlling Factors, Spurious Overconsolidation, Predictions, and Geophysical Reproduction

Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,     

Evaluation of the Risk of Marine Slope Instability: A Pseudo-3D Approach for Application to Large Areas

This article presents a methodology developed to evaluate the instability of submarine slopes that extend over a large area. Special attention was paid to (1) the complex geometry (bathymetry) and the expanse of the slope, (2) the heterogeneity of the sediment, and (3) the distribution of the pore pressure. The safety factor was considered as a spatially varying quantity. The General Formulation (GLE, Fredlund and Krahn 1977), which fully satisfies equilibrium conditions, was used for evaluating the stability of the marine slope. The submarine slope failure, which occurred on 16 October 1979 during the construction of the new Nice airport, was studied in order to test the developed model. Geotechnical parameters were taken from experimental tests carried out by IFREMER on 19 cores extracted at different depths (from 27 m to 1300 m) (Cochonat, Bourillet, and Savoye, 1993; Mulder et al., 1994). Many scenarios were proposed in order to explain the cause of the Nice slope failure (Habib, 1994). In this article, two of those scenarios were tested. Simulation results are presented and discussed.