基于有限差分法的复合系泊链缆动力模型及其验证

具有链—缆—链结构的复合系泊链缆因其相对于全钢链质量和成本上的优势而在深水系泊中得以广泛应用。基于细长杆理论采用有限差分法建立了可以考虑链—缆—链结构的复合系泊缆数值模型,将其应用于不同工况下全钢链和复合链缆运动的数值模拟中,并开展了验证。首先,将单根钢链顶张力数值模拟结果与不同工况下的模型试验结果进行了对比,验证了数值预报程序应用于全钢链的准确性。然后,对于复合系泊链缆开展了静刚度和动刚度迭代数值模拟,并将模拟结果同已发表文章中的算例结果进行比较,验证了该数值模型在复合链缆模拟上的准确性。发现对于单根钢锚链的验证,激励半径越大,激励周期越小,一个周期内顶张力幅值及其极差越大,钢链运动就越剧烈。对于链—缆—链式复合系泊链缆的验证,发现静刚度迭代中数值模拟结果与算例结果差异较小;对于动刚度迭代,除个别大幅慢漂工况外,两者有较高的吻合;且激励周期越小,激励半径越大,复合系泊链缆顶张力越大,弹性模量越小,运动越剧烈。对于聚酯缆刚度的敏感性分析,发现改变动刚度经验公式参数的情况下,杨氏模量的静刚度迭代和动刚度迭代结果误差分别最大达到了60.81%和68.21%,因此合成纤维材料特性对复合系泊链...     

基于小波变换的海洋平台损伤检测研究

当结构物产生损伤时,结构的动力特性会发生变化,从而引起结构振动响应产生相应的变化。小波变换是奇异性信号的良好检测工具,可以用于识别结构损伤的发生。建立了某海洋平台有限元模型,得到了随机海浪作用下不同损伤工况的结构振动响应。基于小波变换损伤检测,针对不同类型杆件损伤、不同位置杆件损伤、不同程度的噪声污染以及不同方向振动响应信号情况下,分别研究了海洋平台结构的损伤检测问题,得到了一些有用的结论。     

基于固有频率的海洋平台损伤检测方法的改进

针对海洋平台损伤检测方法中需要未损伤模型参数的不便,提出了一种相对频率变化量的方法。对不同类型构件的损伤及同一类型构件在不同位置损伤的情况,进行结构模态分析,研究平台结构的固有频率对损伤、损伤位置和损伤程度的敏感性,以及平台质量变化对频率的影响。利用两次测量的相对频率变化量,可以发现损伤的存在,并进行损伤的初步定位。     

两种湍流模型在潮流能水轮机数值模拟中的适用性研究

在对特定湍流条件下的水平轴潮流能水轮机进行数值模拟时,不同的湍流模型对于计算结果具有一定的影响。为选择合适的湍流模型对所设计水轮机的三维流场进行描述,将采用常用的两方程模型(SSTk-ω与Realizable k-ε)进行数值模拟,得到不同工况下水轮机的性能参数以及水轮机后1.5D处流场的流速、湍流强度分布情况,并进行模型水槽试验,试验值与采用两种湍流模型进行数值模拟得到的仿真值对比表明:在低尖速比工况下,采用SSTk-ω进行数值模拟得到的仿真值比Realizable k-ε更接近试验值,在较高尖速比时,采用Realizable k-ε进行模拟得到的数值更接近试验值;采用两种湍流模型进行数值模拟得到的速度分布具有相似性,但对于湍流强度的预测,SSTk-ω更具有优势。考虑此水轮机的实际工况,选择SSTk-ω湍流模型进行描述更加合理。     

海上升压站在靠船工况下振动舒适性研究

国内外海上风电开发正逐渐走向成熟阶段,但早期的工程设计对海上升压站在靠船工况下的振动舒适性关注不够,相关的规范体系或可依据的准则也没有建立。针对实践中出现的这一问题,以位于江苏海域的某典型海上升压站结构为对象,进行了船舶碰撞工况下的动力数值模拟,分析了不同碰撞位置对结构响应的影响,以及上部组块不同区域的响应分布情况,并提出了改善舒适性的建议。     

浅海导管架平台结构损伤诊断试验研究

基于模型试验研究了浅海导管架平台的结构损伤诊断,采用标量型ARMA模型识别出结构的三阶模态参数,分别采用遗传算法和模态应变能法对试验模型不同模拟损伤工况进行了损伤诊断。基于遗传算法,提出了采用不同自由度一阶模态参数的损伤诊断方法。研究表明,由于海洋平台的前三阶模态分别为不同自由度的一阶模态,采用两阶或三阶模态识别损伤时,损伤杆件影响较小的自由度方向的模态参数对结构的损伤诊断将产生不利的影响,成为识别噪声。因此,可分别采用不同自由度的一阶模态进行结构损伤诊断。     

潮流能水轮机尾流场及涡特性DDES模拟

为研究潮流能水轮机尾流场流动特性及涡结构组成,基于DDES(Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation)模型对不同流速和转速的4种工况下水轮机尾流场进行数值模拟,并进一步探究其尾流场空间涡结构的变化特性。结果表明,水轮机的数值模拟结果与试验结果能够较好吻合。对比不同工况下的尾流场模拟结果可知:水轮机尾流区域流动复杂,延迟分离涡模拟方法能有效模拟水轮机旋转过程中产生的叶尖涡、叶尖脱落涡、轮毂涡等不同涡结构,并能完整观察到叶尖涡的产生、脱落、失稳、破碎过程。转速一定时,流速越大,叶尖脱落涡、轮毂涡的发展距离越远;流速一定时,转速越大,涡的发展距离越短。本文数值模拟计算结果可为实际海况中潮流能阵列水轮机的布局提供可靠依据。     

工程结构损伤定位方法的研究

针对三维框架结构等复杂大型土木工程结构,研究基于振动测试的结构损伤诊断方法,提出了1种精确、有效的基于交叉模态应变能(CMSE)的结构损伤诊断方法。传统的模态应变能方法是将损伤前后的同阶模态进行比较,而CMSE方法没有这个限制。此方法最大的优点是需要的模态信息数量少——通常一阶模态就足够了,除此之外CMSE方法不要求进行模态的归一化。文中以三维5层的框架结构的有限元模型对新的方法进行了验证。数值模拟中结构的损伤分为2种情况——单个单元损伤和多个单元的损伤。虽然只给出了三维框架结构的示例,但这种新方法同样适用于其他结构。     

梁板式高桩码头结构整体可靠度计算方法

在环境条件和使用荷载作用下,高桩码头结构损伤和承载力降低是普遍存在的问题。在役梁板式高桩码头结构安全评估,是保证港口设施安全运行的必要措施。结构整体可靠度是结构安全评估的核心指标,但目前尚未建立结构整体可靠度计算的有效方法。基于非线性有限元数值模型,采用蒙特卡罗模拟技术确定了典型梁板式高桩码头结构整体极限承载力概率分布模型及其统计参数,研究了损伤位置、损伤程度和损伤数量等对极限承载力概率分布及其统计参数的影响,明确了无损结构整体极限承载力概率分布模型及其统计参数可用于损伤结构分析。将结构整体极限承载力作为结构抗力随机变量,采用一次二阶矩法计算结构的可靠指标,建立了一种在役梁板式高桩码头结构整体可靠度计算的有效方法。     

采用两步式模型修正过程识别海上风电支撑结构的损伤

针对海上风电支撑结构损伤识别的难点,将一种新的模型修正方法应用到了三脚架式海上风电支撑结构的损伤识别中。采用数学上常用的正则化方法,解决了实测模态含噪声条件下损伤识别"病态"方程组的求解问题;结合Guyan扩阶技术,实现了基于低阶不完备模态的损伤识别。另外,为提高损伤识别精度,结合算例提出一种两步式模型修正过程:第一步,初步定位损伤位置;第二步,精确识别损伤位置和损伤程度。数值研究结果表明,采用两步式模型修正过程的方法对于海上风电支撑结构的损伤识别是有效的。     

Numerical Simulation of Dynamic Response of Supple Nets

1 .Introduction Owing to the decline of capture fisheries andsaturation of traditional inshorefarms ,sea cage cul-ture as a newtype of aquaculture is developingrapidlyin China .However ,cage culture is a highriskoperation.The practice is vulnerable to natural hazards ,such as strong tides ,storms and typhoons .So,it is necessaryto assess the behavior of a sea cage exposedto waves and current before the designandinstallation of the structure . Computer simulation,due to its many advantages ,ha…     

An integrated dynamic model of ocean mining system and fast simulation of its longitudinal reciprocating motion

An integrated dynamic model of China’s deep ocean mining system is developed and the fast simulation analysis of its longitudinal reciprocating motion operation processes is achieved. The seafloor tracked miner is built as a three-dimensional single-body model with six-degree-of-freedom. The track-terrain interaction is modeled by partitioning the track-terrain interface into a certain number of mesh elements with three mutually perpendicular forces, including the normal force, the longitudinal shear force and the lateral shear force, acting on the center point of each mesh element. The hydrodynamic force of the miner is considered and applied. By considering the operational safety and collection efficiency, two new mining paths for the miner on the seafloor are proposed, which can be simulated with the established single-body dynamic model of the miner. The pipeline subsystem is built as a three-dimensional multi-body discrete element model, which is divided into rigid elements linked by flexible connectors. The flexible connector without mass is represented by six spring-damper elements. The external hydrodynamic forces of the ocean current from the longitudinal and lateral directions are both considered and modeled based on the Morison formula and applied to the mass center of each corresponding discrete rigid element. The mining ship is simplified and represented by a general kinematic point, whose heave motion induced by the ocean waves and the longitudinal and lateral towing motions are considered and applied. By integrating the single-body dynamic model of the miner and the multi-body discrete element dynamic model of the pipeline, and defining the kinematic equations of the mining ship, the integrated dynamic model of the total deep ocean mining system is formed. The longitudinal reciprocating motion operation modes of the total mining system, which combine the active straight-line and turning motions of the miner and the ship, and the passive towed motions of the pipeline, are proposed and simulated with the developed 3D dynamic model. Some critical simulation results are obtained and analyzed, such as the motion trajectories of key subsystems, the velocities of the buoyancy modules and the interaction forces between subsystems, which in a way can provide important theoretical basis and useful technical reference for the practical deep ocean mining system analysis, operation and control.     

Ship Hull Slamming Analysis with Nonlinear Boundary Element Method

A boundary element method is developed for calculating the flare ship hull slammingproblem.The nonlinear free surface elevation and the linear element assumption are employed.The meth-od has been verified by comparisons with results for the water entry of wedges with various deadriseangles.Numerical results show that the pressure distribution varies greatly with the ship hull with differentcurvilinear equations,and the slamming features are also different.From the numerical simulation,the au-thors found that the structural damage of the flare hull might be caused by the increasing hydrodynamicpressure over an extensive area on the flare when the upper part of the flare comes into contact with water.     

锥体导管架海洋平台冰激振动的DEM-FEM耦合分析及高性能算法

在寒区海域,冰荷载是影响海洋平台安全运行的主要环境荷载之一,由其引起的冰激振动给平台结构及其上部设备带来了严重危害。为分析不同冰况下平台的振动响应,本文建立了导管架海洋平台冰激振动的离散元（DEM）-有限元（FEM）耦合模型。采用具有黏接-破碎性能的等粒径球体离散单元对海冰的破碎特性进行模拟,通过由梁单元构建的海洋平台有限元模型获得结构的振动响应。在离散元与有限元的接触区域中实现了两个模型间计算参数的传递。为提高该耦合模型的计算效率和规模,发展了基于动力子结构方法的DEM-FEM耦合模型。为验证该耦合模型的有效性和可行性,将不同冰况下得到的冰荷载与ISO19906和JTS 144-1-2010标准进行了对比。结果表明,计算得到的冰荷载与标准相近,且冰厚与冰荷载呈二次非线性关系。同时,从冰速和冰厚两方面对比了渤海四桩腿JZ20-2 MUQ锥体导管架平台冰激振动加速度的数值结果和现场实测数据,发现冰速与振动加速度呈线性关系,冰厚与振动加速度呈二次非线性关系,并且振动加速度与冰速和冰厚平方的乘积呈线性关系。     

波浪作用下缆船拖带系统非线性运动数值模拟

基于船舶操纵性运动方程和拖缆的三维动力学运动方程,提出了被拖点位置匹配的方法,建立了拖船—拖缆—被拖船系统整体非线性拖带动力学模型。为了考察被拖船航向稳定性与横向稳性的关系以及波浪载荷作用的影响,被拖船采用水平面四自由度运动方程,并引入了波浪的作用力和力矩。拖船采用PD控制方法较真实地模拟了拖船航向改变的运动过程。对一个拖船—拖缆—被拖船系统(5 000 t的拖船和3 000 t的被拖船)在时域内进行了规则波浪作用下拖带运动的模拟,计算结果表明被拖带船舶在波浪中运动呈现运动稳定、不稳定和临界状态3种可能的特性。根据模拟计算结果,认为波浪中拖带航向稳定是被拖带船舶保持稳性的必要条件。     

Numerical simulation of towed cables

A numerical method for the dynamic simulation of towed cables is presented. The cable is loaded by fluid drag, tension, gravity and buoyancy, including the effects of weights and floats. The development of a cable can be simulated as well as the separation of a cable under excessive load and the subsequent behavior of the broken parts. The system is constructed from a set of generic elements representing such items as cable or rope strands, knots (reference points on rope sections), kinks (sliding reference points on cable sections that change length), cable ends and winches. A mathematical graph organizes these elements in a general and flexible fashion: it allows construction of complex systems and permits structural redefinition during the simulation. The nodes of the graph coincide with the various reference points of the problem, at which physical parameters are lumped and to which sets of ordinary differential equations are associated that define the motions of the points. The links of the graph describe the physical connections between the nodes. Application of new methods for solving stiff, sparse systems of coupled ordinary differential equations enables efficient simulation of snap-loads and other severe events. Results are presented that compare quantitatively with laboratory measurements. A further example shows the behavior of a breaking cable that is qualitatively reasonable.     

Management of the coastal-sea-zone-ecosystem model

We present a model of the processes of development in the ecosystem of the coastal zone of the sea constructed by the method of adaptive balance of causes (ABC-method). The model contains nine variables (phyto- and zooplankton, fish larvae, fishes, oxygen, carbon dioxide, salinity, biogenic elements, and detritus) affected by the solar radiation, surface wind, sea temperature, and river discharge. The equations of the model contain control agents governing the dependences of the elements of the food chain on the vitally important resources and environmental conditions. The scenarios of the processes of development are constructed for the simulated annual courses of external actions. The possibility of management of fish resources by regulating the flows of biogenic elements and detritus with river discharge is discussed. A mechanism of management based on the monitoring of the concentration of dissolved oxygen in seawater is proposed. The numerical experiments show that the ABC-model of the processes of development in the ecosystem of the coastal zone of the sea makes it possible to simulate the scenarios of regulation of the flows of biogenic elements and detritus into the sea with an aim of preservation of of fish resources. Translated from Morskoi Gidrofizicheskii Zhurnal, No. 1, pp. 36–49, January–February, 2009.     

Marine riser emergency disconnection analysis using scalar elements for tensioner modelling

This work proposes nonlinear parallel spring-damper scalar elements in series with a rigid beam element to represent drilling riser tensioner behavior during an emergency disconnection scenario in global riser analysis. The software package used was Orcaflex. This is a simpler approach than the more complex, full hydraulic-pneumatic-mechanic dynamic simulation modelling of the tensioning system, commonly used in literature, which can be time consuming and numerically more sensitive. The model can also be used to represent top tension variation in global riser analysis, allowing for more complex and precise simulations, especially for fatigue life and overpull estimations. The results show adequate agreement with the researched bibliography.     

基于随机情景模拟的船舶溢油危害后果量化评价——以台湾海峡北部水域为例

为克服典型情景模拟法的缺陷,综合考虑船舶溢油发生的随机性、海洋水动力和风场的不确定性以及环境资源的敏感性,提出基于随机情景模拟的船舶溢油危害后果定量评价方法。通过随机情景模拟和网格化统计得到敏感区的溢油污染概率和最快到达时间,结合环境敏感指数和溢油量等参数计算综合溢油危害指数,并将其作为溢油危害后果定量评价指标。结果表明:台湾海峡北部水域不同季节发生船舶溢油的危害后果大小依次为夏季(27.8)秋季(25.5)春季(21.1)冬季(16.2),夏季溢油事故对牛山岛保护区的污染概率和危害后果相对最大(P=60%,Ck=41.2),达到较高级别;其他季节东甲列岛保护区的溢油污染概率和危害指数均为最高。随机情景模拟能够弥补事故情景,为评价船舶溢油危害后果风险提供一种新方法。