Curvelet变换域侧扫声纳图像增强算法

针对海底侧扫声纳图像对比度低、纹理弱、噪声严重等问题,提出了一种基于第二代Curvelet变换的声纳图像增强算法。首先对原始声纳图像进行多尺度、多方向的Curvelet变换分解,得到低频子带和高频子带;然后引入非线性S型函数对低频系数进行处理,提高图像整体的对比度;采用一种可以避免过度增强的新型非线性函数对各尺度的高频子带系数进行处理,提高图像整体的对比度,增强图像边缘和纹理细节,并通过估计噪声水平设定阈值进行阈值降噪。最后经Curvelet逆变换得到增强图像。实验表明,该方法不仅改善了海底侧扫声纳图像对比度低的问题,而且降低了噪声,突出了声纳图像的边缘和纹理细节。     

基于小波阈值算法的海杂波信号降噪

为有效提取噪声背景下的海杂波信号,针对海杂波信号非线性非平稳的特点,提出基于小波阈值算法对实测海杂波数据去噪。在噪声水平未知条件下,提出基于噪声主要在高频段且能量较小、信号主要集中在低频段思想的噪声判断准则。为验证小波去噪效果,将该算法对含有噪声的海杂波实测数据进行去噪,采用均方差和降噪信号信噪比两项指标衡量去噪效果,并与均值和中值等去噪方法对比,小波算法在这两项指标均优于其他算法;此外,实验结果还表明,db2小波在双曲线阈值函数和HeurSure阈值模式下优于其他小波去噪效果。     

基于GPS-RTK技术的波浪能发电装置结构动态位移监测及滤波方法

利用全球定位系统实时差分技术（Global Positioning System Real-Time Kinematic,GPS-RTK）对波浪能发电装置进行结构变形监测得到的信号会存在噪声。针对这个问题,本文提出一种结合巴特沃斯（Butterworth）滤波器和自相关函数经验模态分解（Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD）的滤波降噪算法,利用动态位移仿真信号进行了实验验证。结果表明：该滤波算法能够有效降低装置动态位移监测数据中噪声的影响,利用滤波算法对仿真信号进行降噪处理之后,可以提取出信号中包含的结构固有频率。     

基于小波分析的侧扫声呐信号非线性增强算法

侧扫声呐回波信号是形成侧扫声呐图像的基础,是侧扫声呐系统对水下目标的最直接观测量,将一维小波变换与非线性增强方法相结合,提出了一种基于小波变换的侧扫声呐回波信号非线性增强算法,用以改善侧扫声呐图像对比度低、噪声强度大的问题.首先利用改进的Bayes阈值对侧扫声呐ping信号进行一维小波分解,提取信号特征信息;然后利用2...     

泵喷推进器在某水下航行器降噪方面的应用

通过对某采用对转螺旋桨作为推进方式的水下航行器噪声进行深入分析,了解和掌握了其噪声特点。 针对对转螺旋桨在降噪方面的不足,对采用泵喷推进器降噪进行分析研究,提出水下航行器各装置降噪改进设想。 在综合考虑了鳍舵以及附体对航行噪声的影响,以及原产品对航行性能的要求后,对泵喷推进器进行了初步方案设计,采用该泵喷推进器有望使噪声降低 4 ~ 5 dB。     

一种基于小波阈值的SAR图像降噪方法

由于SAR特殊的相干成像机理导致图像有斑点噪声,使得目标识别和特征提取造成困难。在小波变换阈值降噪法的基础上,提出一种改进的SAR图像降噪方法。先用新的阈值公式对图像进行小波分解,再对小波系数进行更为细致的处理,最后通过逆变换实现图像去噪和重建。实验结果表明,与传统方法相比,本方法更为有效地去除了SAR图像的噪声,并能保持图像的细节特征,有着良好的图像视觉解译效果。     

特征系统实现算法中的噪声问题研究

研究特征系统实现算法在模态识别过程中的噪声处理问题.特征系统实现算法为目前土木工程领域应用较为广泛的一种模态识别法.在处理实测数据时,特征系统实现算法将实测数据分解为结构真实信号和噪声信号,从而将噪声消除.分块Hankel矩阵的维数对信噪分离过程影响很大.提出当分块Hankel矩阵的分块行与分块列数接近时,真实和噪声信号可以最好的分离.通过在实测信号里添加噪声(产生噪声-噪声信号),将实测信号和噪声—噪声信号识别的结果进行比较,提出了1种验证识别模态参数是否为结构真实模态的检验方法.本文应用导管架平台实例来验证提出方法的适用性.结果表明,当分块Hankel矩阵的分块行与分块列数接近时,真实和噪声信号能够有效地分离,此时添加的噪声主要影响噪声信号部分.由实测信号和噪声噪声信号识别的模态参数非常吻合.     

改进的WOA-VMD算法在水声信号去噪中的应用

本文提出一种针对非平稳水声信号的改进WOA-VMD小波阈值去噪方法,首先,引入余弦收敛因子和自适应权值提升鲸鱼优化算法(WOA)的精度,然后利用WOA选取水声信号变分模态分解(VMD)的最佳参数组合。引入一种可调阈值函数克服传统阈值函数量化过程的缺陷,考虑到不同分解尺度下噪声小波系数的衰减特性,采用分层阈值法对有效信号分量进行去噪处理。通过仿真实验和实测数据的降噪分析,证明了该方法的有效性和应用价值,新方法的去噪性能优于其他方法。     

改进的基于非高斯双参数模型的图像滤波算法

以描述小波系数分布规律的非高斯双参数模型为基础,介绍和分析了BiShrink滤波算法,指出了其存在的不足。提出的改进算法采用冗余小波变换替代正交小波变换,将子带内小波系数的局部相关性纳入滤波过程,给出了局部自适应的阈值估计策略,再通过双参数联合收缩函数达到系数收缩的目的。实验结果表明,改进算法同时兼顾了子带内小波系数之间的相关性和尺度间系数的传播特性,在有效滤除噪声的同时,较好地保持了图像的细节信息。     

基于拉依达准则的自适应小波阈值选取方法

根据潜艇磁异常目标信号持续时间短、海浪磁场噪声依赖于时间和位置的特性,应用拉依达准则提出了一种有效区分海洋背景磁噪声和磁目标信号的自适应小波阈值选取方法。采用不同小波阈值选取法对含有海洋背景噪声的潜艇磁目标信号进行降噪处理,通过对比各阈值法降噪后的峰值信噪比(PSNR)和均方误差(MSE),验证了本文提出的自适应小波阈值选取方法的有效性。     

Microbial Biomass and Organic Nutrients in the Deep-Sea Sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin

In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification

An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Deep-Sea Sediment Compression Curves: Some Controlling Factors, Spurious Overconsolidation, Predictions, and Geophysical Reproduction

Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,     

Evaluation of the Risk of Marine Slope Instability: A Pseudo-3D Approach for Application to Large Areas

This article presents a methodology developed to evaluate the instability of submarine slopes that extend over a large area. Special attention was paid to (1) the complex geometry (bathymetry) and the expanse of the slope, (2) the heterogeneity of the sediment, and (3) the distribution of the pore pressure. The safety factor was considered as a spatially varying quantity. The General Formulation (GLE, Fredlund and Krahn 1977), which fully satisfies equilibrium conditions, was used for evaluating the stability of the marine slope. The submarine slope failure, which occurred on 16 October 1979 during the construction of the new Nice airport, was studied in order to test the developed model. Geotechnical parameters were taken from experimental tests carried out by IFREMER on 19 cores extracted at different depths (from 27 m to 1300 m) (Cochonat, Bourillet, and Savoye, 1993; Mulder et al., 1994). Many scenarios were proposed in order to explain the cause of the Nice slope failure (Habib, 1994). In this article, two of those scenarios were tested. Simulation results are presented and discussed.