2008年5月12日四川汶川8.0级地震与部分余震的震源机制解

采用区域和远台Pn或Pg初至波初动符号, 利用下半球等面积投影, 求解了2008年5月12日四川汶川8.0级地震和截止到2008年12月10日发生的部分4级以上余震的震源机制解。 汶川8.0级地震的震源机制为: 节面Ⅰ的走向为5°, 倾角为48°, 滑动角为39°; 节面Ⅱ的走向为247°, 倾角为62°, 滑动角为131°。 P轴方位角为309°, 仰角为8°, T轴方位角为208°, 仰角为54 °, B轴方位角为44°, 仰角为35°。 结合地质构造和余震空间分布, 可以确定节面Ⅱ为发震断层面。 根据震源机制解, 引发本次地震的断层活动主要表现为逆冲, 主破裂面为S67°W与该地震所在断层的走向基本一致(断裂总体走向N45°E)^[1]; 主压应力轴P轴为N51 °W, 主压应力轴P轴方位与该区域构造应力场方向基本一致。 根据余震震源机制解结果, 龙门山断裂带南段发生的余震与北段发生的余震的震源机制都具有优势分布, 且两者差异明显。 早期发生在南段的余震的破裂是以逆倾滑动为主, 兼有走向滑动; 而随着时间的推移, 余震向北段迁移, 在龙门山构造的北段地震震源的破裂方式以走向滑动为主, 兼有一定的逆倾滑动; 龙门构造带南段震源应力场受主震应力场的控制, 而龙门构造带北段震源应力场不仅受区域应力场的影响, 还受主震应力场的影响。     

Moment Tensor Solutions of Earthquakes in the Indian Ocean from Surface Waves and their Tectonic Implications

—Rayleigh and Love waves generated by sixteen earthquakes which occurred in the Indian Ocean and were recorded at 13 WWSSN stations of Asia, Africa and Australia are used to determine the moment tensor solution of these earthquakes. A combination of thrust and strike-slip faulting is obtained for earthquakes occurring in the Bay of Bengal. Thrust, strike slip or normal faulting (or either of the combination) is obtained for earthquakes occurring in the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean. The resultant compressive and tensional stress directions are estimated from more than 300 centroid moment tensor (CMT) solution of earthquakes occurring in different parts of the Indian Ocean. The resultant compressive stress directions are changing from north-south to east-west and the resultant tensional stress directions from east-west to north-south in different parts of the Indian Ocean. The results infer the counterclockwise movement of the region (0°–33°S and 64°E–94°E), stretching from the Rodriguez triple junction to the intense deformation zone of the central Indian Ocean and the formation of a new subduction zone (island arc) beneath the intense deformation zone of the central Indian Ocean and another at the southern part of the central Indian basin. The compressive stress direction is along the ridge axis and the extensional stress manifests across the ridge axis. The north-south to northeast-south west compression and east-west to northwest-southeast extension in the Indian Ocean suggest the northward underthrusting of the Indian plate beneath the Eurasian plate and the subduction beneath the Sunda arc region in the eastern part. The focal depth of earthquakes is estimated to be shallow, varying from 4 to 20 km and increasing gradually in the age of the oceanic lithosphere with the focal depth of earthquakes in the Indian Ocean.     

Regional focal mechanisms for earthquakes in the Aegean area

The distribution of the focal mechanisms of the shallow and intermediate depth (h>40 km) earthquakes of the Aegean and the surrounding area is discussed. The data consist of all events of the period 1963–1986 for the shallow, and 1961–1985 for the intermediate depth earthquakes, withM _s 5.5. For this purpose, all published fault plane solutions for each event have been collected, reproduced, carefully checked and if possible improved accordingly. The distribution of the focal mechanisms of the earthquakes in the Aegean declares the existence of thrust faulting following the coastline of southern Yugoslavia, Albania and western Greece extending up to the island of Cephalonia. This zone of compression is due to the collision between two continental lithospheres (Apulian-Eurasian). The subduction of the African lithosphere under the Aegean results in the occurrence of thrust faulting along the convex side of the Hellenic arc. These two zones of compression are connected via strike-slip faulting observed at the area of Cephalonia island. TheP axis along the convex side of the arc keeps approximately the same strike throughout the arc (210° NNE-SSW) and plunges with a mean angle of 24° to southwest. The broad mainland of Greece as well as western Turkey are dominated by normal faulting with theT axis striking almost NS (with a trend of 174° for Greece and 180° for western Turkey). The intermediate depth seismicity is distributed into two segments of the Benioff zone. In the shallower part of the Benioff zone, which is found directly beneath the inner slope of the sedimentary arc of the Hellenic arc, earthquakes with depths in the range 40–100 km are distributed. The dip angle of the Benioff zone in this area is found equal to 23°. This part of the Benioff zone is coupled with the seismic zone of shallow earthquakes along the arc and it is here that the greatest earthquakes have been observed (M _s 8.0). The deeper part (inner) of the Benioff zone, where the earthquakes with depths in the range 100–180 km are distributed, dips with a mean angle of 38° below the volcanic arc of southern Aegean.     

千岛—鄂霍次克海地区的地震分布、震源机制及应力状态

利用1971年1月至1982年12月的地震资料,研究了千岛岛弧地区的地震分布及震源机制解,进而讨论了贝尼奥夫带的形态及应力状态。地震分布于沿海沟展布的NE向的弧形带上,除地壳内地震外,形成明显的贝尼奥夫带,贝尼奥夫带最深达619公里,两侧较浅,少于200公里,倾向近于NW55°,倾角为45°。地壳内的压应力轴位于NW方向,且接近于水平,反映了太平洋板块的挤压;俯冲带上应力轴随深度变化:114公里以上的T轴沿俯冲方向,114公里至175公里震源机制解分为两组,T轴沿俯冲方向和P轴沿俯冲方向;320公里至440公里范围内P轴有接近俯冲方向的趋势,但较为分散;515公里以下P轴相当集中,且沿俯冲方向。本文对这种应力分布的成因进行了讨论     

福建街面水库现代构造应力场分析

福建街面水库将于2006年底下闸蓄水,通过收集库区的地震震源机制解资料和本次工作得到的地震震源机制解结果,以及利用中小地震求解的综合震源机制解,本文分析了街面水库库区现代构造应力场特征:最大主压应力P轴为NW—SE方向,P轴倾角为23°;主张应力T轴为NE—SW方向,T轴倾角为3°。在这样的应力场中,主要以发生走滑型断裂运动性质的地震为主,同时还具有发生正断层运动性质的地震。     

日本海及中国东北地震的深度分布及其应力状态

本文分析了日本海及中国东北的地震深度分布。证实了日本本州北部至中国东北的贝尼奥夫带(Benioff)基本是连续的,该带的倾向约为北85°西,倾角约为29°,深度在150公里以下贝尼奥夫带厚度约为20公里。研究了日本本州北部至中国东北的震级M_b≥5.0地震的震源机制解,发现中国东北地壳应力场与日本海地壳的应力场方向一致,来源于太平洋板块的挤压。在俯冲带上,深度在100公里到200公里之间的情况较为复杂,大多数地震显示的主压应力方向与贝尼奥夫带的倾向、倾角一致,有的T轴取向与贝尼奥夫带的倾向、倾角一致,有的特征方向与贝尼奥夫带倾向、倾角均不一致。深度在200公里至500公里之间,主压应力方向近于水平,并与贝尼奥夫带走向垂直,张应力轴相对集中。深度大于500公里时,主压应力方向与贝尼奥夫带的倾向、倾角一致,张应力轴相对集中     

Seismicity constraints on stress regimes along Sinai subplate boundaries

The relative movement between African, Arabian and Eurasian plates has significantly controlled the tectonic process of Sinai subplate region, although its kinematics and precise boundaries are still doubtful. The respective subplate bounded on both sides by the Aqaba-Dead Sea transform fault to the east and the Gulf of Suez, the only defined part, to the west. Seismicity parameters, moment magnitude relation and fault plane solutions were combined to determine the active tectonics along the aforementioned boundaries. Seven shallow seismogenic zones were defined by the heterogeneity in stress field orientations. Along the eastern boundary, the average fault plane solution obtained from the moment tensor summation (MTS) reveals a sinistral strike-slip faulting mechanism. The corresponding seismic strain rate tensor showed that the present tectonic stress producing earthquakes along the boundary is dominated by both NW-SE compression and NE-SW dilatation. Towards the north, the average focal mechanism showed a normal faulting mechanism of N185°E compression and an N94°E extension in the Carmel Fairi seismic zone. On the other hand, the active crustal deformation along the western boundary (Gulf of Suez region) showed a prevailing tensional stress regime of NE to ENE orientations; producing an average fault plane solution of normal faulting mechanism. The seismic strain rate tensor reveals a dominant stress regime of N58°E extension and N145°E compression in consistence with the general tectonic nature in northeastern Africa. Finally, the extensional to strike-slip stress regimes obtained in the present study emphasize that the deformation accommodated along the Sinai subplate boundaries are in consistence with the kinematics models along the plate boundaries representing the northern extremity part of the Red Sea region.     

The Tadjena Earthquake (Mw = 5.0) of December 16, 2006 in the Cheliff Region (Northern Algeria): Waveform Modelling,Regional Stresses,and Relation with the Boukadir Fault

The Cheliff region has experienced some significant earthquakes in the last century (1937, 1954, and 1980). The most destructive one is that of El Asnam on October 10, 1980, Ms = 7.3 (Io = IX), which destroyed the Chlef city (formerly El Asnam) and its surrounding villages. On December 16, 2006 a moderate earthquake (Mw = 5.0) hit the Cheliff region. The maximum observed intensity (Io = V: MSK-scale) was observed at Abou El Hassen, Benaria, Bouzghaïa and Tadjena. No damages or human losses were recorded. Nevertheless, minor cracks on walls of the old school at Tadjena were observed. The point source focal mechanism of the event was determined by inverting the waveforms of three regional broadband stations of the ADSN (Algerian Digital Seismic Network). It corresponds to thrust-reverse faulting with a strike-slip component. The stress tensor obtained by the inversion of the 15 focal mechanisms available in the Cheliff region exhibits a well constrained compression axis σ1 horizontal and trending N145°. The NW dipping nodal plane indicating a NE–SW thrust fault with a right-lateral component (strike, dip, rake = 249, 38, 137) is more compatible with the regional stress tensor than the steep dipping NNE-SSW nodal plane showing reverse faulting with a left-lateral component (strike, dip, rake = 15, 65, 60). Accordingly, the Tadjena moderate size earthquake can be related to the Boukadir active fault bordering the lower Cheliff basin to the north, a situation similar to that of the El Asnam fault bordering the middle Cheliff basin to the north.     

2013年芦山地震序列震源机制与震源区构造变形特征分析

基于四川区域地震台网记录的波形资料,利用CAP波形反演方法,同时获取了2013年4月20日芦山M7.0级地震序列中88个M≥3.0级地震的震源机制解、震源矩心深度与矩震级,进而利用应变花（strain rosette）和面应变（areal strain）As值,分析了芦山地震序列震源机制和震源区构造运动与变形特征.获得的主要结果有：（1）芦山M7.0级主震破裂面参数为走向219°/倾角43°/滑动角101°,矩震级为M_W6.55,震源矩心深度15 km.芦山地震余震区沿龙门山断裂带走向长约37 km、垂直断裂带走向宽约16 km.主震两侧余震呈不对称分布,主震南西侧余震区长约27 km、北东侧长约10 km.余震分布在7~22 km深度区间,优势分布深度为9~14 km,序列平均深度约13 km,多数余震分布在主震上部.粗略估计的芦山地震震源体体积为37 km×16 km×16 km.（2）面应变As值统计显示,芦山地震序列以逆冲型地震占绝对优势,所占比例超过93%.序列主要受倾向NW、倾角约45°的近NE-SW向逆冲断层控制;部分余震发生在与上述主发震断层近乎垂直的倾向SE的反冲断层上;龙门山断裂带前山断裂可能参与了部分余震活动.P轴近水平且优势方位单一,呈NW-SE向,与龙门山断裂带南段所处区域构造应力场方向一致,反映芦山地震震源区主要受区域构造应力场控制,芦山地震是近NE-SW向断层在近水平的NW-SE向主压应力挤压作用下发生逆冲运动的结果.序列中6次非逆冲型地震均发生在主震震中附近,且主震震中附近P轴仰角变化明显,表明主震对其震中附近局部区域存在明显的应力扰动.（3）序列整体及不同震级段的应变花均呈NW向挤压白瓣形态,显示芦山地震震源区深部构造呈逆冲运动、NW向纯挤压变形.各震级段的应变花方位与形状一致,具有震级自相似性特征,揭示震源区深部构造运动和变形模式与震级无关.（4）不同深度的应变花形态以NW-NWW向挤压白瓣为优势,显示震源区构造无论是总体还是分段均以NW-NWW向挤压变形为特征.但应变花方位与形状随深度仍具有较明显的变化,可能反映了震源区构造变形在深度方向上存在分段差异.（5）芦山地震震源体尺度较小,且主震未发生在龙门山断裂带南段主干断裂上,南段长期积累的应变能未能得到充分释放,南段仍存在发生强震的危险.     

Earthquake focal mechanisms and stress inversion in the Irpinia Region (southern Italy)

The goal of this study was to estimate the stress field acting in the Irpinia Region, an area of southern Italy that has been struck in the past by destructive earthquakes and that is now characterized by low to moderate seismicity. The dataset are records of 2,352 aftershocks following the last strong event: the 23 November 1980 earthquake (M 6.9). The earthquakes were recorded at seven seismic stations, on average, and have been located using a three-dimensional (3D) P-wave velocity model and a probabilistic, non-linear, global search technique. The use of a 3D velocity model yielded a more stable estimation of take-off angles, a crucial parameter for focal mechanism computation. The earthquake focal mechanisms were computed from the P-wave first-motion polarity data using the FPFIT algorithm. Fault plane solutions show mostly normal component faulting (pure normal fault and normal fault with a strike-slip component). Only some fault plane solutions show strike-slip and reverse faulting. The stress field is estimated using the method proposed by Michael (J Geophys Res 92:357–368, 1987a) by inverting selected focal mechanisms, and the results show that the Irpinia Region is subjected to a NE–SW extension with horizontal σ ₃ (plunge 0°, trend 230°) and subvertical σ ₁ (plunge 80°, trend 320°), in agreement with the results derived from other stress indicators.     

震源机制与应力体系关系模拟研究

为理解震源机制和所作用的应力张量之间的关系,模拟了东西向挤压、垂直向拉张的挤压应力体系,南北向挤压、东西向拉张的走滑应力体系和垂直向挤压、东西向拉张的拉张应力体系所产生震源机制及其剪应力和正应力的表现.结果表明:挤压应力体系可以产生逆断型、走滑型和逆走滑型的震源机制,并随着应力形因子R的增大,逆断型震源机制数目逐渐减小,而走滑型和逆走滑型震源机制数目逐渐增加;走滑应力体系兼有各种类型的震源机制,随着R值的增大,正断型和正走滑型震源机制数目逐渐减小,而逆断型和逆走滑型震源机制数目逐渐增加;拉张应力体系兼有正断型、走滑型和正走滑型震源机制,随着R值的增加,正断型震源机制数目逐渐增加,而走滑型和正走滑型震源机制数目逐渐减小.挤压应力体系在震源机制节面上的最大剪应力分布在R=0时沿倾角45°分布,随着R值增大至1,逐渐演变为沿着以(0°,90°)和(180°,90°)为中心的圆弧分布;拉张应力体系的最大剪应力分布则随着R值自0增大至1,最大剪应力自以(0°,90°)和(180°,90°)为中心的圆弧分布逐渐演变为沿倾角45°分布;走滑应力体系则随着R值自0增大至1,最大剪应力自以(0°,90°)和(180°,90°)为中心的圆弧分布逐渐演变为以(90°,90°)为中心的圆弧分布.三种应力体系所表现的震源机制P,T轴分布呈现复杂多样性:R越小,震源机制的T轴分布在拉张主应力周围的区域范围越小,而P轴分布在挤压轴周围的区域范围越大,R=0.5时两者分布区域范围均衡,R超过0.5时越接近1,震源机制的P轴分布在挤压主应力周围的区域范围越小,而T轴分布在拉张轴附近的区域范围越大.     

汤加—克马德克俯冲带现今非均匀应力场特征及其动力学意义

汤加—克马德克俯冲带是太平洋板块向澳大利亚板块俯冲碰撞的动力作用区,是全球俯冲带动力学研究的热点区域.本研究基于EHB地震目录,对汤加—克马德克俯冲带(18.5°S—28.5°S)区域进行平面拟合,得到该范围内俯冲带走向约为196°,倾角约为48°;利用该俯冲带研究区域内Global CMT目录,对不同位置、不同深度进行区域应力张量反演,得到汤加—克马德克俯冲带研究区内精细的应力图像.结果显示:(1)俯冲带浅部(60~300km)应力结构非均匀特征明显,主应力轴倾伏角变化多样,并且最大主压应力轴方位在24°S左右发生明显偏转,我们推测这可能与洋底构造路易斯维尔海链俯冲有关;(2)中部(300~500km)最大主压、主张应力轴由北向南逐渐发生偏转,这可能与由北向南流动的地幔流对俯冲板片产生推挤作用有关,并且这种推挤作用向南逐渐减弱;(3)深部(500~700km)最大主压应力轴沿俯冲方向分布;(4)本文的结果还发现了主俯冲带深部西侧"偏移"板片与主俯冲带应力结构不同,表明"偏移"板片与主俯冲带是分离的.     

The 2014 Mihoub earthquake (Mw4.3), northern Algeria: empirical Green’s function analysis of the mainshock and the largest aftershock

On November 15, 2014, an Mw4.3 earthquake occurred 2 km west of Mihoub village, 60 km SE of Algiers. In this study, we retrieve the relative source-time functions of the mainshock and largest aftershock (Mw3.9) for rupture analysis using the empirical Green’s function method. The two events are nearly colocated with a smaller aftershock (Mw3.5), which is treated as the empirical Green’s function. Moreover, these three events have similar focal mechanisms, suggesting that deconvolution is well posed in this case. The three events were recorded by nine stations of the Algerian permanent network. We use mainly P-wave data. The focal mechanism solution shows dominant reverse faulting with a strong strike-slip component. The two nodal planes align almost E-W, dipping to the south, and NNE-SSW, dipping to the NW, respectively; the fault and auxiliary planes cannot be resolved from hypocenter locations alone because too few aftershocks were recorded by the permanent network. The results show unilateral rupture propagation to the ENE and complex rupture with multiple episodes for the mainshock. The largest aftershock shows similar behavior with slightly less pronounced directivity at some sites. The rupture directivity for the mainshock is estimated at about N66° E, and the rupture velocity is Vr = 0.66β. The E-W nodal plane of the best-fit focal mechanism is the preferred fault plane because it best agrees with the directivity direction and is consistent with the E-W faulting that dominates in the region.     

2020年西藏尼玛MS6.6和MS4.8地震震源机制测定

北京时间2020年7月23日04时07分,西藏自治区那曲市尼玛县发生M_S6.6地震,震源深度10 km,震中位置为（33.19°N,86.81°E）。主震发生当日18时50分,发生一次M_S4.8强余震,震源深度为10 km。本文基于西藏、青海、新疆区域波形资料,采用ISOLA近震全波形方法对这两次地震进行震源机制反演。结果显示,尼玛M_S6.6主震的最佳断层面解为:节面Ⅰ走向8°/倾角46°/滑动角?93°,节面Ⅱ走向191°/倾角44°/滑动角?87°;矩震级M_W6.4,最佳矩心深度7 km。震源区应力主轴的空间取向为:主压力轴P的方位角220°、倾伏角88°,主张力轴T方位角99°、倾伏角1°。M_S4.8强余震的最佳断层面解为:节面Ⅰ走向12°/倾角47°/滑动角?106°,节面Ⅱ走向214°/倾角45°/滑动角?74°;矩震级M_W5.0,最佳矩心深度6 km。震源区应力主轴的空间取向为:主压力轴P的方位角207°、倾伏角78°,主张力轴T方位角113°、倾伏角1°。震源机制反演结果表明,这两次地震均为以正断型为主的地震事件,与震源区附近先前地震的震源机制有较好的一致性。结合周边地质构造和余震分布,我们认为尼玛M_S6.6地震可能是由位于日干配错断裂和依布茶卡盆地西缘断裂之间的一条正断层活动所引发的。      

Late cenozoic clockwise rotation of Sumatra

A clockwise rotation of Sumatra of about 20° about an axis located in or near the Sunda Strait has been inferred on the basis of the following data:(1) The portion of the Indonesian volcanic arc between the Sunda Strait and the island of Timor lies along a small circle whose center is located about 32°N, 119°E. The volcanic chain of Sumatra makes an angle of 20° with this portion of the arc.(2) The Benioff zone of Indonesia has a maximum depth of 600 km to the east of the Sunda Strait, but the maximum depth decreases to 200 km northwestward along the island of Sumatra.(3) The age of the present phase of volcanic activity in Indonesia is proportional to the maximum depth of the Benioff zone; rhyolitic tuffs of the Sunda Strait range in age from Late Miocene to Pleistocene, while ignimbrites of north Sumatra are about 70,000 years old.It is suggested that the increase in sea-floor spreading rate since 10 m.y. B.P. pushed north Sumatra and Malaya northeastward for about 500 km along the system of presently inactive faults, causing a clockwise rotation of both Sumatra and Malaya about an axis located in or near the Sunda Strait. Only when this rotation ceased did the underthrusting of north Sumatra begin, producing a shallow and short Benioff zone, and delayed volcanic activity.     

日本海沟俯冲带MW9.0地震震源区应力场演化分析

于2011年3月11日发生在日本东北部的M_W9.0级逆冲型板间地震是日本有地震记录以来震级最大的一次地震.本研究基于NIED F-net矩张量解目录中的震源机制解,选取两个长轴相互垂直的矩形区域进行应力场2D反演,获取了日本海沟俯冲带地区应力场的空间及时间分布图像.结果表明：主震前,俯冲带地区应力状态在空间上大体趋于一致,即应力轴（P轴、σ₁轴及S_Hmax轴）系统性地倾向板块汇聚方向,P轴、σ₁轴倾角整体偏缓（<30°）,且远离震源区及日本海沟东侧区域内的应力轴倾角普遍大于主震震源区内应力轴倾角;主震前,受2003年5月26日在宫城县北部发生的M_W7.0地震影响,位于M_W9.0地震震源区西北侧的应力场出现明显扰动,σ₁轴倾向顺时针偏转150°~180°,并于之后大体恢复至震前状态,同期其他地区没有明显变化,这种情况可能和主震断层局部（深部）的前兆性滑动有关;主震后,距离震源区较远处应力场变化不大,主震震源区内应力场发生显著改变,P轴及σ₁轴均以大角度（>60°）倾伏于板块汇聚方向,S_Hmax轴顺时针偏转60°~90°且在日本海沟附近普遍平行于海沟轴.这项研究以时空图像的方式展示了大地震前应力场变化的特点,反映了大地震孕震过程中构造与地震的相互作用,对于理解大地震孕震过程有重要意义.     

The geometry of the Burmese-Andaman subducting lithosphere

The gross seismotectonic features for the Burmese-Andaman arc system which defines the northeast margin of the Indian plate are rather well known but variations in the subduction zone geometry along and across the arc and fault pattern within the subducting Indian plate have not been studied. Present workaims to study these by using seismicity data whose results are presented in the form of: (a) Lithospheric across-the-arc sections at about every 100–120 km (approximately one degree latitude apart) covering the 3500 km longBurmese-Andaman arc system, (b) a structure contour map showing the depth tothe top surface of the seismically active lithosphere and (c) interpretationof focal mechanism solutions for 148 Benioff zone earthquakes. Both penetrationdepth and the dip of the Benioff zone vary considerably along the arc in correspondence to the curvature of the fold-thrust belt which varies from concave to convex in different sectors of the arc. Several extensive `Hinge faults' that abut at high angles to the arc orientation, are inferred from aninterpretation of the structure contour map. Active nature of the hinge faultsis established in several areas by their association with earthquakes andcorroborated through fault plane solutions. At shallow level of the Benioffzone along these faults, focal mechanism solutions display left lateral strikeslip movement while at deeper levels reverse fault solutions are common.     

Late Cenozoic fields of the tectonic stresses in Western and Central Mongolia

The paper addresses the Late Cenozoic fault tectonics and the stress state of the Earth’s crust within the Mongolian microplate, embracing Central and Western Mongolia. We analyze the results of reconstructing the stress fields and the tectonic deformations in the zones of active faulting, located at the uplands and in the intermountain trenches, which bound the microplate (Mongolian Altai; Gobi Altai; Dolinoozersk trough; Khan-Taishir-Nuruu, Khan-Houkhei, and Bolnai uplands) and the Khangai dome. Deformations related with the northeastern general-scale collisional compression are concentrated along the periphery of the Mongolian microplate, and the maximum compression is focused on its western and southern boundaries, thus forming the right- and the left-lateral transpressive structures of the Mongolian and Gobi Altai. The deformations associated with the shortening of the Earth’s crust involve not only the mountain ridges framing the block, but also the intermountain troughs that separate the Gobi and Mongolian Altai from the Khangai dome, and the southern portion of the Khangai Uplift. The diversity in the deformations within the central Khengai region ensues from the coupling of tension caused by the dynamical impact of the mantle anomaly, which is located east of 100°E, with a regional NE compression. Owing to the relatively rigid Khangai block, the deformations are transferred to the northern bound of this structure, namely the seismically active North Khangai fault. The role of compression increases to the west of the zone, where it conjugates with the transpressive structures of the Mongolian Altai. The tension becomes more important in the western part of this zone where the releasing bends are formed. A region characterized by extra tension is localized also to the east of 100° E. In terms of the gradient in the lithosphere thickness and the structure types of the upper crust, the submeridional line running along 100°E is interpreted as the key interblock boundary.     

2017年9月23日朝鲜ML3.4地震矩张量反演

利用区域地震台网数字波形资料,对2017年9月23日朝鲜M_L3.4地震进行地震矩张量反演计算与参数稳定性评估,获得了此次地震的震源机制解.结果表明,地震矩心深度为3 km,标量地震矩为1.34×10¹⁴ N·m,矩震级为M_W3.4.地震矩张量结果分解后,双力偶分量（DC）为96.4%,补偿线性矢量偶极分量（CLVD）为-0.8%,震源体体积变化的各向同性分量（ISO）为-2.8%.主压应力P轴方位角为144°,倾角为74°,主张应力T轴方位角为341°,倾角为15°.其中一个节面的参数为：走向248°,倾向60°,滑动角-94°.地震震源体积变化分量很小,震源机制类型属于典型的由断层剪切位错引起的正断层型地震事件,且主张应力T轴方向与区域近地表应变率场方向一致.由于朝鲜2017年9月3日核试验释放的能量对局部区域应力场进行了扰动,致使核试验场附近地壳岩体处于破裂的临界状态,2017年9月23日朝鲜M_L3.4地震事件可能是区域应力场作用下的一次山体滑动事件.     

西北太平洋俯冲带日本本州至中国东北段应力场反演

本研究基于Global CMT提供的1196个1976年11月—2017年1月MW4.6地震矩心矩张量解,对西北太平洋俯冲带日本本州至中国东北段的应力场进行反演计算,得到了从浅表到深部俯冲带应力状态的完整分布.结果显示:俯冲带浅表陆壳一侧应力场呈现水平挤压、垂向拉伸状态,洋壳一侧的应力状态则相反,即近水平拉张、近垂向压缩.沿着俯冲板片向下,应力主轴逐渐向俯冲板片轮廓靠拢,其中位于双地震层(120km深度附近)之上的部分,主张应力轴沿俯冲板片轮廓展布而又比其更为陡倾;双地震层内的应力模式同典型I型双层地震带内的应力模式一致,即上层沿俯冲板片轮廓压缩、下层沿俯冲板片轮廓拉伸;双地震层之下,应力模式逐步转变为主压应力轴平行于俯冲板片轮廓.通观所研究的整个俯冲系统,水平面内主压和主张应力轴基本保持了与西北太平洋板片俯冲方向上的一致性,同经典俯冲板片的应力导管模型所预言的俯冲带应力模式相符;而主张应力轴在俯冲板片表面之下的中源地震深度范围内转向海沟走向,或许同研究区域横跨日本海沟与千岛海沟结合带,改变的浅部海沟形态致使完整俯冲板片下部产生横向变形有关.