γ射线暴谱硬度比的时间演化特征

采用小波分析方法对康普顿γ射线天文台(CGRO)上的BATSE仪器观测到的γ暴光变曲线数据进行去噪处理，并提出时间分辨的谱硬度比定义，用包含有599个暴的样本研究谱硬度比随时间的演化规律，结果表明：(1)样本中77％暴的谱硬度比随时间按“硬到软”规律演化，而23％暴谱硬度比随时间按“软到硬”规律演化，尤其是3％暴在整个暴中呈现单调的“软到硬”趋势。(2)平均谱硬度比随时间单调地以“硬到软”规律演化。(3)持续时间不同的暴，其谱硬度比演化曲线有较大的差异，其中“硬到软”演化趋势最显著的是持续时间在23-35s之间的那些暴；持续时间在l-10s的暴的演化特征跟其它组差异最显著，呈现比较明显的“软到硬”演化规律；持续时间在35—53s之间的暴平均谱硬度比几乎没有随时间演化。(4)不同辐射强度的暴平均谱硬度比的演化特征不同，随着峰值流量的增大，谱硬度比演化由“硬-软-硬”逐渐转变为“软-硬-软”：峰值流量越大，“软-硬-软”的趋势越显著，而峰值流量越小，其峰值流量“硬-软-硬”的趋势越显著。我们对这些结果进行了简单的讨论。     

伽玛暴及其早期X射线余辉的观测特征

Swift卫星的X射线望远镜观测揭示部分伽玛暴的早期余辉光变曲线有一个缓慢衰减的成分,而相当一部分却没有这样的成分.研究比较这两种暴的观测性质发现两类暴的持续时间、伽玛辐射总流量、谱指数、谱硬度比峰值能量等物理量均没有显著差异.然而有该成分的那些伽玛暴谱比较软、早期X射线余辉比较弱、伽玛射线辐射效率显著高于没有这个成分的那些暴.结果表明两类暴的前身星和中心机制一致,是否呈现这个缓慢衰减成分可能取决于外部介质.     

两类长γ暴的傅里叶功率谱

分析了Balastegui等（2001）应用神经网络划分出的两类长γ暴的平均傅里叶功率谱（PDS），两类暴的平均PDS都具有明显的幂律谱结构，对两类暴分别按亮度和能谱硬度分组，计算各组的平均功率谱，两类暴都具有平均功率谱随亮度和能谱硬度的增加而变平的趋势。     

不同仪器GRB观测数据的一致性分析

BATSE(Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory/Bursts and Transient SourceExperiment)、Swift(Swift Gamma-ray Burst Explorer)和Fermi卫星(Fermi GammaraySpace Telescope)提供了大量的GRB样本.研究比较3种仪器观测的暴的特征,发现虽然有红移暴的数目、所有暴中长暴的比例以及光子流量分布(lgN-lgP分布)等有显著差异,但是暴的持续时间、伽玛辐射总流量、谱硬度比等均没有显著差异.考虑Swift和Fermi暴的观测能段不同,进行修正以后,发现lgN-lgP分布的差异也基本消除.有红移暴的数目、长暴占总暴数的比例是由仪器本身的灵敏度决定的,即不同仪器决定不同GRB的观测特征,但是它们的本质是一致的.     

等时面与γ射线暴余辉

在γ射线暴（ 简称γ暴） 的火球模型下,γ暴余辉存在等时面,面上发射的光子会同时被观测到．通过对等时面积分来计算辐射流量Ｆν（ｔ） ,结果表明等时面的引入对峰值以及峰值前后流量随观测者时间的变化关系有明显的影响     

黑洞候选体MAXI J1535-571爆发期间的时变现象

利用“慧眼”(Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope, Insight-HXMT)卫星在2017年9月对黑洞候选体MAXI J1535-571的观测数据,研究了该源在爆发期内的时变现象.当源处于不同的爆发谱态时,功率密度谱的谱型存在明显差异.在硬中间态,有明显的限带噪声(band-limited noise)成分和QPO (Quasi-Periodic Oscillation)成分.分析结果表明:低频限带噪声的特征频率随能量的变化呈现正相关,即软能段光子的特征频率小于硬能段光子的特征频率. 0.1–0.5 Hz频率区间的限带噪声RMS (Root Mean Square)谱在硬中间态和软中间态均出现峰值,且在高能端存在差异,可能是主导噪声RMS的能谱成分占比不同.当谱态由硬中间态过渡到软中间态时, C型QPO的RMS谱保持相似趋势,但限带噪声RMS谱存在谱态依赖现象,暗示着噪声和QPO有不同的起源机制.     

共动坐标系中伽玛暴νF_ν谱的峰值能量分布

伽玛暴能谱νF_ν的峰值能量Ep是伽玛暴一个很重要的观测物理量,各种仪器观测的伽玛暴νF_ν谱的峰值能量Ep分布都很宽。根据初始洛伦兹因子Γ0,把伽玛暴νF_ν谱的峰值能量Ep修正到共动坐标系,发现Ep在不同坐标系中分布的宽窄程度没有显著差别,说明观测的峰值能量Ep分布比较宽应该不是多普勒放大作用,可能是伽玛暴峰值能量Ep的真实分布。     

γ射线暴的研究进展（Ⅳ：特强γ射线暴和软γ重复暴

最近CGRO上的仪器观测到了两个迄今为止发现的最强的λ暴GB930131和GB940217,其光子最高能量均达GeV量级;GB930131的峰值计数率达2×10~6个光子s~(-1);而GB940217的持续时间竟长达90min。另外沉寂了多年的软重复暴源SGR1900 14和SGR1806-20的再次爆发也由BATSE发现。一系列的观测还发现这些软重复暴均与X射线源对应且与超新星遗迹成协。文中对特强暴和软重暴(SGR)的性质及研究进展作了较为详细的评述。     

黑洞候选体X射线双星CygX-1长期谱变化的研究

利用Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer(RXTE)卫星从1996年1月5日到2005年5月1日的all-sky monitor(ASM,1.5-12KeV)资料,详细分析了黑洞候选体X射线双星Cyg X-1在A-band(1.5-3KeV),B-band(3-5KeV)和C-band(5-12KeV)三个能段上光子计数率与谱线硬度比HR2(5-12KeV/3-5KeV)的相关性.利用1天时标的ASM资料研究发现: (1)Cyg X-1处于软态时,在A-band上光子计数率与硬度比HR2呈现反相关性,而在B-band和C-band上呈现正相关性.当该天体处于硬态时,在A、B、C三个能段上光子计数率与硬度比HR2都是反相关的.(2)Cyg X-1处于硬态和软态时,硬度比HR2与HR1都是正相关的.此外,还分析了ASM上"Dwell by Dwell"资料,得到了十分有趣的结果,即: (1)MJD=52600-52760期间(此时Cyg X-1处于硬态),A-band和B-band上的光子计数率与HR2是反相关性的,而在C-band上却呈现出较强的正相关性. (2)硬态时,硬度比HR2与HR1存在明显的反相关性.     

耀斑软X射线流量的统计性质

为了更定量地研究太阳耀斑软X射线辐射的统计性质,发展了一套对于给定峰值流量区间的耀斑的自动识别程序,并用它分析了从1980年到2013年GOES(Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite)在两个软X射线波段上对太阳耀斑的观测.研究发现耀斑软X射线流量在峰值附近变化的统计特征和耀斑流量峰值的绝对大小无关:平均而言耀斑流量的上升时间约是下降时间的一半,而且高能量通道的上升和下降时间比相应的低能量通道时间要短,但是这些时间还是会随着耀斑流量变化幅度的增加而增加.     

A survey of orbits of co-orbitals of Mars

Many asteroids with a semimajor axis close to that of Mars have been discovered in the last several years. Potentially some of these could be in 1:1 resonance with Mars, much as are the classic Trojan asteroids with Jupiter, and its lesser-known horseshoe companions with Earth. In the 1990s, two Trojan companions of Mars, 5261 Eureka and 1998 VF₃₁, were discovered, librating about the L₅ Lagrange point, 60° behind Mars in its orbit. Although several other potential Mars Trojans have been identified, our orbital calculations show only one other known asteroid, 1999 UJ₇, to be a Trojan, associated with the L₄ Lagrange point, 60° ahead of Mars in its orbit. We further find that asteroid 36017 (1999 ND₄₃) is a horseshoe librator, alternating with periods of Trojan motion. This asteroid makes repeated close approaches to Earth and has a chaotic orbit whose behavior can be confidently predicted for less than 3000 years. We identify two objects, 2001 HW₁₅ and 2000 TG₂, within the resonant region capable of undergoing what we designate “circulation transition”, in which objects can pass between circulation outside the orbit of Mars and circulation inside it, or vice versa. The eccentricity of the orbit of Mars appears to play an important role in circulation transition and in horseshoe motion. Based on the orbits and on spectroscopic data, the Trojan asteroids of Mars may be primordial bodies, while some co-orbital bodies may be in a temporary state of motion.     

Equation of state and anisotropy of pressure of magnetars

Magnetars are the neutron stars with the highest magnetic fields up to 10¹⁵–10¹⁶ G. It has been proposed that they are also responsible for a variety of extra-galactic phenomena, ranging from giant flares in nearby galaxies to fast radio bursts. Utilizing a relativistic mean field model and a variable magnetic field configuration, we investigate the effects of strong magnetic fields on the equation of state and anisotropy of pressure of magnetars. It is found that the mass and radius of low-mass magnetars are weakly enhanced under the action of the strong magnetic field, and the anisotropy of pressure can be ignored. Unlike other previous investigations, the magnetic field is unable to violate the mass limit of the neutron stars.     

Estimation of the Time Scale of Merging of the Components of Contact Binaries of the W UMa Type

Time scales of the transition from contact binary systems of the W UMa type to single stars of the blue straggler type are estimated. A model of one-way mass transfer from the primary component to the companion inside a common envelope (Eggen et al.) and a model of a contact binary lying on the zero-age main sequence with a companion that is losing mass (F. van't Veer) are used to calculate these scales. The merging times of components were calculated for 304 contact systems of the W UMa type from the Catalog of Approximate Photometric and Absolute Elements of Eclipsing Variable Stars on a scale of loss of mass and orbital angular momentum due to magnetic braking, under the assumption of synchronization of the axial rotation and orbital revolution. On the basis of the resulting statistics, the characteristic merging scales are 0.4-0.6 and 0.5-0.7 Gyr, respectively, for the above two models. The results of a comparison with the work of other authors are discussed.     

淮河洪水的可公度性分析

分析了上两个世纪发生在淮河的洪水事件的可公度性，根据其可公度值及其黄金分割点指出1991年与2003年淮河洪水的不可避免，最后讨论了可公度性的局限及淮河洪水可公度值的可能机制。     

Flattening of galaxies of different morphological types in subclusters of Coma

This paper deals with the observed variation in the flattening of galaxies with the density of galaxies in the subclusters of Coma surrounding NGC 4889, NGC 4874, and NGC 4839 based on data from the Abastumani Combined Catalog of Galaxies. The mean values of the observed ratios of the diameters of the galaxies, as well as histograms of their distributions, indicate that in the central, dense regions of the subclusters within a volume of 0.5h ₇₅ ⁻¹ Mpc³, E and S0 type galaxies are close to spheroidal. A significant reduction in the mean values of the diameters of the galaxies in the subclusters is noted, regardless of their morphology relative to the galaxies in the halo of the Coma cluster. In the subclusters, spiral galaxies are found with a hydrogen deficit that is more than 5 times the hydrogen deficit in spirals within the halo of the cluster. According to their 3-D coordinates, most of the galaxies with a hydrogen deficit are located closer to the south-east edge of the subcluster surrounding NGC 4874 near an extended gas filament in the x-ray region. This may indicate that the subcluster is moving toward a central condensation of faint galaxies in the Coma cluster and a possible merger with it. __________ Translated from Astrofizika, Vol. 50, No. 3, pp. 355–368 (August 2007).     

基于STK的寿命末期GEO卫星轨道演化分析

地球同步轨道上的GEO卫星接近寿命末期时,星上的有效载荷和电子元器件等仍能正常应用,此时如果只做东西方向的位置保持,可以大幅度延长卫星的在轨工作寿命。简要介绍了引起GEO卫星轨道变化的主要摄动力,利用STK软件分析寿命末期GEO卫星的运动规律,并给出这类GEO卫星轨道演化的仿真分析流程,用以指导寿命末期GEO卫星的开发应用工作。     

The discovery of Segue 2: a prototype of the population of satellites of satellites

We announce the discovery of a new Milky Way satellite Segue 2 found in the data of the Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration (SEGUE). We followed this up with deeper imaging and spectroscopy on the Multiple Mirror Telescope (MMT). From this, we derive a luminosity of   M _v =−2.5  , a half-light radius of 34 pc and a systemic velocity of  ∼−40 km s⁻¹  . Our data also provide evidence for a stream around Segue 2 at a similar heliocentric velocity, and the SEGUE data show that it is also present in neighbouring fields. We resolve the velocity dispersion of Segue 2 as 3.4 km s⁻¹ and the possible stream as  ∼7 km s⁻¹  . This object shows points of comparison with other recent discoveries, Segue 1, Boo II and Coma. We speculate that all four objects may be representatives of a population of satellites of satellites – survivors of accretion events that destroyed their larger but less dense parents. They are likely to have formed at redshifts   z > 10  and are good candidates for fossils of the reionization epoch.     

Investigation of Times of Minima of Selected Early-Type Eclipsing Binaries

New precise times of minimum light for several early-type eclipsing binaries were obtained at three observatories. The changes of period of the following measured binaries are discussed: V1182 Aql, LY Aur, SZ Cam, FZ CMa, QZ Car, LZ Cen, V606 Cen, AH Cep and TU~Mus.     

Application of KS-transformation in the problem of investigation of the motion of unusual minor planets and comets

A review is presented of the author's results on application of regularizing and stabilizing KS- transformation in the problem of investigation of the motion of unusual minor planets and comets. Two models of the motion of a minor body are considered, viz. the perturbed two body problem and the perturbed restricted three body problem. The variational equations in KS-variables and transformations for obtaining the matrix of partial derivatives of the instantaneous physical parameters of motion with respect to their initial values are presented. The peculiarities of the implementation of the algorithms developed as programs on a computer are described. The original results of the investigation of the efficiency of the developed algorithms and programs are discussed using as an example the motion of unusual minor planets Icarus and Geographos as well as comets Halley, Honda-Mrkos-Pajdusakova and Gehrels 3.