超声波透射法在人工挖孔桩缺陷检测中的应用研究

介绍了超声波透射法检测桩身完整性的基本原理,分析了超声波声学参数与混凝土质量的芜景。通过2根模型桩实测数据判断结果与模型桩缺陷设计进行对比分析,表明超声波透射法能够准确的判断人工挖孔桩的缺陷部位、大小及严重程度等信息,说明超声波透射法是一种行之有效的桩身完整性无损检测方法。     

软土地区基坑开挖引起桩基质量问题的判定与处理

软土地区在基坑开挖时常常引起桩基破坏等工程问题,特别是在沿海、沿江等软土地区发生较多。以江苏一个沿江电厂为工程实例,通过对桩基位移和桩身裂缝的数据统计分析,揭示了基坑开挖时桩基发生移位、倾斜甚至断桩的真实原因。通过桩基取心试验、超声波试验和开挖验证找到了产生桩身缺陷的原因。此外还结合工程实例,提出了桩基出现质量问题时,可采取补强注浆的方法进行补救和处理,实践证明提出的处理方法效果良好。     

混凝土灌注桩的跨孔超声波检测方法研究

通过对跨孔超声波检测方法的理论探讨,结合工程实例,利用声波曲线判定桩身混凝土质量及缺陷的可疑位置,并采用PSD判据法进行辅助分析,从而达到判别桩身缺陷性质及范围的目的。实践证明,采用跨孔超声波法检测混凝土灌注桩桩身质量,其结果直观可靠,为桩身混凝土质量提供了一种有效的检测方法。     

利用低应变检测曲线判断桩基质量

随着建筑业的迅速发展,采用桩基处理的工程越来越多,而施工及土层等复杂因素导致桩身质量问题普遍存在,因此检测桩基质量问题显得十分重要。运用低应变无损检测方法进行检测,在现场原始资料准确无误前提下,可以检测桩身质量问题。根据在沈阳施工中见到的不同桩身质量问题,结合时域及频域计算分析,总结出完好桩、轻微缺陷桩、明显缺陷桩三种类型桩的典型曲线反应特征,借此曲线类型可做检测新区时参考。     

超声波透射法在检测大直径灌注桩完整性中的应用

介绍了超声波透射法检测大直径灌注桩桩身完整性的原理、方法和现场检测技术。通过现场检测实例,给出了基桩存在缺陷时声参量的几种特征。检测结果表明:超声波透射法能够相当准确的判别长桩的多处缺陷。     

从动测桩基完整性结果谈桩基施工质量

本文从动测桩基完整性统计结果出发，列举了存在桩身缺陷的典型工程实例，并对桩身存在质量问题的原因进行了分析，从而对桩基施工技术与方法提出了建设性的意见。     

从动测桩基完整性结果谈桩基施工质量

本文从动测桩基完整性统计结果出发，列举了存在桩身缺陷的典型工程实例，并对桩身存在质量问题的原因进行了分析，从而对桩基施工技术与方法提出了建设性的意见。     

基于平行地震波法探测桩基缺陷的试验研究

平行地震波法已被成功用于探测既有桩基的埋置深度,但该方法对桩基缺陷的探测效果尚不明确。设计并开展了大比例尺模型桩平行地震波测试试验,研究不同缺陷对应的应力波分布特征,并着重探讨桩-孔距和桩顶激振位置对应力波传递规律的影响。试验结果表明,测试钻孔紧邻受检桩时,平行地震波方法能有效识别桩身严重缺陷,桩-孔距增大将大大增加桩长和缺陷判别的难度。断桩和缩径可引起波速下降和初至时间延长,桩身轻微缺陷对应的应力波组异常特征不显著。当桩端持力层为坚硬基岩时,桩底沉渣可导致桩身初至波拟合直线斜率出现二次突变。对于桩身局部截面存在缺陷的情况,当缺陷靠近桩身应力波最短传递路径一侧时,初至波异常特征相对更加明显。     

桩基动力检测分析软件“WANG-PIP”和“WANG-PCP”简介

中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所王靖涛教授在美国研制成桩基动力检测分析软件“WANG-PIP”和“WANG-PCP”。该软件已获得美国版权(版权号:524 137)。现将两个软件的功能分别介绍如下: 1 桩基完整性动力检测定量分析软件“WANG-PIP”该软件是基于一个新的计算方法和原理设计的。它所需要的输入数据仅是低应变法检测中测得的桩顶加速度曲线,但可获得桩身缺陷的损坏程度的定量评估。从而能对桩身完整性作     

桩基动刚度影响因素分析

动刚度是桩基动测分析中一个重要指标,研究动刚度的影响因素有着现实的工程意义。为了分析完整桩和缺陷桩单桩动刚度的变化规律和影响因素,推导并求解了竖向简谐荷载作用下考虑两个变截面桩的导纳响应解析解。利用测试数据验证了该模型能有效计算导纳共振频率值和动刚度值。同时,对513根相同型式桥桩进行机械阻抗法测试,并对其动刚度进行统计分析。研究表明：（1）桩端支撑刚度和桩长对动刚度影响较大,端承桩动刚度随桩长增加而降低,纯摩擦桩情况与之相反。摩擦桩在桩长较长时其动刚度可能大于端承桩。（2）桩身缺陷体积改变量与动刚度变化成正相关。（3）动刚度对桩身缩颈缺陷敏感度较高,在一定程度上可以用于判断桩身完整性和承载能力。     

膨胀土干湿循环胀缩裂隙的定量分析

为研究膨胀土在降雨与蒸发过程中的胀缩裂隙演化规律,对原状膨胀土进行干湿循环的CT扫描试验。利用Matlab软件编写程序对土体CT图进行三维体重建以及裂隙信息的提取,从定性与定量的维度研究土体三维空间裂隙与干湿循环之间的关系。定性研究发现,裂隙发育开始于土体内部初始孔洞与微纹裂等薄弱处,并扩展延伸,形成裂隙面、裂隙体,最后形成复杂的三维裂隙网络;随着干湿循环的进行,裂隙面积和体积逐渐增加,最后趋于稳定。定量研究发现,裂隙面积沿试样轴向的分布具有明显的周期性规律,随着干湿循环的进行,周期逐渐减小,振幅A先增加后减小;裂隙开展分为3个阶段,即裂隙酝酿期、裂隙快速发育期和裂隙平稳发展期,而裂隙发育主要发生在裂隙快速发育期。得出了试样径向裂隙面积、轴向高度与累计干缩体变之间的近似关系,以裂隙体积定义了符合Logistic函数变化规律的扰动函数,可以预测裂隙在试样局部的发展及分布情况,为裂隙膨胀土的渗透特性以及整体与局部的应力、应变研究提供参考。     

Numerical identification models on the boundary and agro-climatic resources differences of the south subtropical zone in Fujian Province of China based on GIS

In contrary to the numbers of qualitative studies, there is few quantitative studies have been done on defining climate zone boundaries and on illustrating differences inside a zone. In order to find quantitative methods to demarcate a physical geography boundary and to reveal the agro-climatic resources differences of the South Subtropical Zone in Fujian Province of China based on the data collected from limited and discrete weather stations, this research tries to develop models that use mathematics methods and Geographical Information System (GIS) technology. Three modeling methods - Discriminant Analysis, Trend-surface with Residual (TSR) Analysis, and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) were applied in the study to produce a distribution grid system of a set of indicators, and to define the spatial location of the zone boundary precisely. The results of the study show that the outputs of the models have very high significant level in statistical tests.     

压水试验在岩溶路基注浆效果评价中的应用研究

文章介绍了已有的岩溶路基注浆效果检测方法，在此基础上分析压水试验定量评价岩溶路基注浆效果的可行性，并以黔张常铁路岩溶路基注浆代表性压水试验段为例，采用4种合格标准对路基注浆效果进行分析，以弥补目前使用的合格标准存在的不足。在多次优化试验的基础上，制定了新的压水试验定量评价注浆效果判定标准，总结出压水试验工艺参数，采用单点法压水试验，注浆前后压水试验数量分别不小于5%和4%，试验压力在0.05~0.25 MPa，试验长度为3~6 m，压水时间为5~10 min?次-1。经多次、多段其他检测试验验证其工艺参数和评价标准的结果表明，该方法是一种适合的、可靠的定量评价岩溶路基注浆效果的方法。      

Quantitative Calculation of Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment Based on Quantification Theory III

There are a lot of key qualitative variables in factors affecting groundwater vulnerability. The processing of qualitative variables of the existing superimposed index method generally relies on experience, so the results are normally subjective. Quantitative theory can handle qualitative variables quantitatively, achieve the unity of quantitative and qualitative indicators, highlight the decisive role of the main factors and reflect the actual situation more objectively. We took Yulin City as the research area to verify the feasibility and applicability of quantitative theory III, which is used for the quantitative evaluation of groundwater vulnerability. The results show that it has obvious advantage in the screening of indicators and the groundwater vulnerability partition, so it can be used as a quantitative calculation method of groundwater vulnerability assessment     

UH模型对粗颗粒土适用性验证及土石坝工程应用

对3种粗颗粒土进行了常规三轴CD试验、K0压缩试验和等应力比路径试验,根据三轴试验数据标定UH（unified hardening,统一硬化）模型的参数,然后模拟另外两种路径下的应力?应变关系,并与邓肯E-B模型进行比较。结果表明：UH模型能合理地描述不同应力路径下粗颗粒土的力学特性,而邓肯E-B模型的预测结果则较差,验证了UH模型对粗颗粒土的适用性。最后利用UH模型对某心墙堆石坝进行了应力变形三维有限元分析,并将计算结果与邓肯E-B模型及现场监测值进行比较。对比显示：在坝体变形和应力的定性分布规律上,UH模型的计算结果与邓肯E-B模型基本一致;而在定量上,UH模型得到的坝体变形总体上更接近现场监测值,验证了UH模型在土石坝工程中的适用性和合理性。     

Soil deformation and shear strength characteristics of the Sana''a soil, Yemen Arab Republic

Deformation and strength characteristics of the soil of Sana'a, the Yemen Arab Republic, were investigated. Undisturbed soil samples were collected fro used in consolidation, collapse and strength tests. The classical and critical state compressibility parameters were determined using a one-dimensional collapsing potential of the investigated soil was determined by using both qualitative and quantitative analysis. Consolidated undrained triaxial tests different types of samples: saturated samples and samples at natural moisture content. The stress history of the fine soils are in the range of normal except for the stiff fissured lean clay which exhibited a relatively high overconsolidated stress history. The loess formations exhibited a moderate to under wetting and loading. The investigated soils are characterized by having high shear strength when they have low moisture content and a drastic dec content increases.     

航磁异常的几种计算机分类方法

目前,应用计算机对航磁异常进行分类存在很大局限性。为克服这些局限性,将航磁异常分类的结果从定性水平提升到定量水平,这里应用三种分类方法在计算机上对航磁异常进行分类。经实例检验,分类结果令人满意,有效地改进和实现了用于航磁异常分类的定量方法。     

断层相关裂缝定性识别：原理与应用

介绍一种定性识别和预测断层相关裂缝的新方法-断面脱空法。该方法以断面脱空理论为基础,通过建立断面脱空空间与断层相关裂缝之间的置换模型,从而实现通过观察断层形迹开展地下断层相关裂缝的定性识别。以塔中Ⅰ号断裂带西侧中古3、塔中72两个井区下奥陶统良里塔格组（O₃l）为例,基于地震资料分别开展剖面和平面上的断层相关裂缝识别,并将预测结果与钻井、测井及地震属性分析获得的裂缝发育特征进行对比研究。结果表明:利用断面脱空原理预测结果与钻测井揭示结果基本一致,与根据均方根检测的裂缝平面分布对比,细节上有差异,但总体特征基本一致,表明利用断面脱空原理可以定性地对断层相关裂缝做出预测。断面脱空理论的提出不仅为定性评价地表、地下断层相关裂缝发育分布规律提供一种新思路,更为定量表征断层相关裂缝提供重要的理论依据。     

“C—D”因子分析及其在矿产资源定量预测中的应用

在数学地质诸方法中,多元统计分析,地质统计学等是用来处理定鼍变量的,而数量化理论,马尔柯夫链,逻辑信息法等仅适于定性变量。本文介绍一种新的方法——“C—D”因子分析方法,它既适于定量变量,也可用于定性变量,当定性变量和定量变量同时存在时也同样适用,将它用于矿产资源定量预测,应用效果良好。     

Simple and multiple regression models for relationship between electrical resistivity and various soil properties for soil characterization

Precise determination of engineering properties of soil is essential for proper design and successful construction of any structure. The conventional methods for determination of engineering properties are invasive, costly and time-consuming. Electrical resistivity survey is an attractive tool for delineate subsurface properties without soil disturbance. Reliable correlations between electrical resistivity and other soil properties will enable us to characterize the subsurface soil without borehole sampling. This paper presents the correlations of electrical resistivity with various properties of soil. Soil investigations, field electrical resistivity survey and laboratory electrical resistivity measurements were conducted. The results from electrical resistivity tests (field and laboratory) and laboratory tests were analyzed together to understand the interrelation between electrical resistivity and various soil properties. The test results were evaluated using simple and multiple regression analysis. From the data analysis, significant quantitative and qualitative correlations have been obtained between resistivity and moisture content, friction angle and plasticity index. Weaker correlations have been observed for cohesion, unit weight of soil and effective size (D ₁₀).