日本岩垂草在岩溶山地的生态效益研究

本文首次在岩溶山地生态重建中引进优质草种——日本岩垂草(Lippianodiflora (L.) Greene),通过对其盖度、根系特征、径流量和抗侵蚀能力的研究,探讨其在岩溶山地的生态效益,寻求修复岩溶地区脆弱生态系统的途径,并为日本岩垂草在岩溶山地种植推广提供依据。试验表明,日本岩垂草对降低地表径流量收效明显,在种植了3个月后,地表径流量已经由110mm下降到42mm,下降了62%;抗侵蚀能力强,在同样的雨强和降雨量情况下,其侵蚀量只是传统耕地的5.60%~5.83%;根系生长速度快,密度大,数量多,种植90d时盖度已达100%。实验证明,日本岩垂草具有优秀的生态修复和生态美化能力,能够有效地改善岩溶地区脆弱的生态状况。      

流域生态水文过程模拟研究进展

生态水文学作为生态学和水文学的交叉学科,得到了相关研究者的广泛关注,并成为水文水资源研究领域中的一个热点,生态水文过程主要包括水文过程、生态过程以及二者之间相互作用的过程。从生态水文学内涵的角度,对山地、湿地、干旱区生态水文过程模拟以及流域集成模拟进展做了阐述,并分析建模的策略和统计了部分生态水文模型,考虑了建模过程中的尺度、数据、精度3个关键问题。并对生态水文模拟发展趋势做了展望,指出在未来的研究中应更多的关注以下几个方面:①生态水文过程模拟建模基础研究;②生态水文过程集成模拟研究;③基于数据库和GIS/RS技术的生态水文过程耦合模拟研究;④与原型观测相结合的生态水文过程模拟研究。建立符合我国实情的生态水文模型,是现阶段我国生态水文学研究的重要任务。     

试论生态水文学主要问题及研究方法

本文给出了生态水文学的初定义和基本概念，认为生态水文学是一个集地表水文学，地下水文学，植物生理学，生态学，土壤学，气象学和自然学地理学等于一体，彼此间相互影响渗透而形成的一门新型边缘交叉学科，在此基础上，论述了生态环境水文学研究的基本内容，并提出了这个学科所要解决的目前威胁人类生存的主要生态水文问题，文章最后探讨了生态水文学的一般研究方法和手段。     

生态水文学——揭示生态格局和生态过程水文学机制的科学

水文过程和生态过程的时空耦合机制，是管理水资源和维持生态系统健康运行的关键机理，将成为未来研究的前沿领域，生态水文学是描述生态格局和生态过程的水文学机制的一门科学，文中简要介绍了生态水文学的内涵、基础理论、主要研究内容和研究现状，展望了生态水文学的发展趋势和应用前景，最后结合西部开发和生态环境建设的有关问题，探讨了加强我国生态水文学，特别是干旱区和高寒地区生态水文学研究的必要性和迫切性。     

关于西南岩溶山区生态建设的一些讨论—－以贵州省为例

在分析20世纪90年代以来南方岩溶山区生态退化和重建研究实践方面的薄弱环节及国外岩溶区生态建设经验的基础上,对岩溶山区生态建设的特殊性进行了重新认识。指出岩溶山地的生态环境建设必须是一种经济建设,石漠化综合治理模式必须由扶贫型向质量型转变,由单一坡改梯向多途径特色农业转变,由防护型向开发型转变,由政府主导向参与式转变。在恢复和治理生态的前提下调整农业内部结构,发展特色产业,将环境资源转化为有形商业产品,形成生态环境外部经济效益良性循环的机制,以中止岩溶脆弱生态背景上土地退化的恶性循环。      

中国西南岩溶山地石漠化转型演变解析

系统阐明岩溶石漠化的演变趋势,对正确认识岩溶石漠化发生发展过程及实施有效的石漠化综合防治措施具有重要意义。研究表明:（1）驱动石漠化发生与形成的因素有岩溶山地农户生计单一、土地压力大、土地承载力低和生态脆弱等4个主要因素;石漠化发生扩展其实质就是在低土地承载力背景下,过伐、过垦、过牧等土地利用方式触发了岩溶山地土地退化,即石漠化。（2）岩溶石漠化在发生发展到一定阶段后,随着社会经济背景的演变和石漠化驱动因素的变化、消失,石漠化面积扩张的趋势会发生根本性的转折,即石漠化转型。（3）中国西南岩溶山地土地利用方式改变引起生态系统机制改变,从而引起石漠化转型演变。石漠化转型是土地利用系统对经济社会发展与生态系统综合作用的响应,符合经济社会发展和生态系统演化的总体趋势。（4）中国西南岩溶山地石漠化演变对揭示该区域人地关系变化具有指导意义。      

生态水文学学科体系及学科发展战略

生态水文学是一门新兴学科,构建完善的学科体系、制定未来发展战略,对推动生态水文学学科发展具有重要意义。通过查阅文献资料,系统梳理和阐述了生态水文学学科的发展历程,共划分为5个阶段,即生态水文学萌芽期(1970年左右至1986年)、术语提出与初步探索期(1987—1991年)、学科建立与初步发展期(1992—1995年)、学科快速发展期(1996—2007年)和学科完善期(2008年至今);基于对该学科发展历程的分析,提出了以"理论—方法—实践—分支学科"为框架的生态水文学学科体系;最后,从学科研究计划、重点研究项目、国家重大需求、学科建设和国际合作5个方面对生态水文学学科未来发展战略进行了展望,为促进和建立完善的生态水文学学科体系提供支撑。     

新书介绍：生态水文过程观测方法

正生态水文学(Ecohydrology)是生态学和水文学的新兴交叉学科,研究陆地表层系统生态格局与生态过程变化的水文学机理,揭示陆生环境和水生环境植物与水的相互作用关系,了解与水循环过程相关的生态环境变化原因与调控机理。生态水文学关注在不同时空尺度上和一系列环境条件下的生态水文过程,系统性研究气候—土壤—植被动态过     

岩溶学理论研究的方面

首先是对碳酸岩、碳酸岩系与岩溶层组类型的研究。 其次是天然水对碳酸岩溶蚀作用的研究。 第三,岩溶水文地质学与岩溶水文学。岩溶水文地质结构类型反映出剖面上岩溶层组类型与平面上为地质构造所控制的岩溶水动力单元的空间组合关系,     

新书介绍：生态水文过程观测方法

正生态水文学(Ecohydrology)是生态学和水文学的新兴交叉学科,研究陆地表层系统生态格局与生态过程变化的水文学机理,揭示陆生环境和水生环境植物与水的相互作用关系,了解与水循环过程相关的生态环境变化原因与调控机理。生态水文学关注在不同时空尺度上和一系列环境条件下的生态水文过程,系统性研究气候—土壤—植被动态过程中的水文机制。目前水资源短缺已经成为全球     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861