江西安远路迳金伯利质煌斑岩筒研究——一种新型的幔源碱性超基性岩

路迳岩筒属火山通道相,由金伯利质煌斑岩、角砾岩、角砾凝灰岩组成,富含幔源橄榄岩包体、普通辉石巨晶和岩球。造岩矿物是橄榄石、斜方辉石、单斜辉石、角闪石和金云母,深源特征指示矿物有镁铝榴石、铬透辉石、铬尖晶石和镁钛铁矿。岩石化学组成超低SiO2,低MgO,高Al2O3,富碱,富挥发组分。轻稀土元素富集,相容元素贫化,不相容元素明显富集。岩浆起源深度约85km。其中：岩体产状,富含包体、巨晶和岩球,岩石结构和构造,矿物组成,岩石化学组成超低SiO2、富碱、富挥发组分等特征与金伯利岩相似;但岩石化学组成高Al2O3,低MgO,K2O低于Na2O,REE和LREE/HREE偏低,部分微量元素的亏损或富集,金云母成分富TiO2,富TFeO,贫MgO,镁铝榴石、铬透辉石、铬尖晶石和镁钛铁矿的Cr2O3含量偏低,岩浆起源深度较浅,均与金伯利岩有重大差异,而更接近煌斑岩类。研究认为,是幔源岩浆岩的一种新类型,岩石名称界定为金伯利质煌斑岩。     

辽宁瓦房店金伯利岩中尖晶石族矿物种类划分及指示意义

晶体矿物学理论认为不同成岩环境金伯利岩中尖晶石族矿物由于形成物理化学条件不同,其晶体结构和化学成分会发生明显的变化,通过对无矿、贫矿、富矿金伯利岩岩管中的尖晶石族矿物晶胞参数和化学成分的测定,研究尖晶石族矿物化学成分和晶胞参数变化与无矿、贫矿、富矿金伯利岩的内在关系,可以提高金伯利岩型金刚石矿床找矿效率。为了确定辽宁瓦房店金伯利岩中的尖晶石族矿物种属,探讨辽宁瓦房店金伯利岩中尖晶石族矿物化学成分和晶胞参数与金伯利岩含矿性关系,本文运用电子探针波谱仪对50件尖晶石族矿物中的MgO、FeO、TiO2、Al2O3、MnO及Cr2O3进行微区化学成分分析,运用单晶X射线衍射仪对136个尖晶石族矿物晶胞参数进行测定。数据统计显示:瓦房店金伯利岩中尖晶石族矿物为铬铁矿和镁铬铁矿,以化学分子式中A、B组主要阳离子占位特征为基础,可把矿区的尖晶石族矿物划分为10个亚种;如果用尖晶石族矿物化学成分中Cr2O3与(Cr2O3+Al2O3)含量的比值Cr'来表示尖晶石族矿物与金伯利岩含矿性的关系,金伯利岩岩体含矿性由富矿→中等含矿→贫矿,相应岩体中尖晶石族矿物Cr'值分别为89.5%、83.4%~87.1%和70.2%,逐渐变低;从无矿金伯利岩岩体→贫矿和中等含矿金伯利岩岩体→富矿金伯利岩岩体,金伯利岩体中第一世代尖晶石族矿物晶胞参数分别为0.831~0.832 nm、0.834~0.836 nm、0.837 nm,有逐渐变大的趋势。本文认为,辽宁瓦房店金伯利岩中第一世代尖晶石族矿物晶胞参数大小和Cr'参数可以作为判断辽宁瓦房店金伯利岩含矿性的指示标型。     

贵州施秉下翁哨地区镁铝榴石及铬尖晶石重砂异常地球化学指示源岩

以往资料显示,贵州施秉下翁哨地区镁铝榴石和铬尖晶石自然重砂,高度浓集于下翁哨盆地北岸对门坡一带新近系翁哨组含砾粘土岩和盆地南侧2km处斜坡带"不明成因"砂砾石堆积物中,构成罕见的高含量重砂异常,在贵州众多金刚石找矿信息中尤为瞩目,其来源及其金刚石找矿指示意义长期成谜。通过对盆地南侧2km处斜坡带"不明成因"砂砾石堆积物采样分析查证,原样中镁铝榴石为2.7粒/L,铬尖晶石大于5.0粒/L,异常客观存在;电子探针研究表明,镁铝榴石和铬尖晶石分属G9镁铝榴石和S5贫钛高铝富镁铬铁矿,其来源与金伯利岩关系不大。     

金刚石中的矿物包裹体

山东、辽宁金伯利岩区金刚石中的矿物包裹体是单晶相及多晶相的。大部分原生矿物包裹体为橄榄石,也有铬尖晶石、镁铝榴石、单斜辉石、斜方辉石、自然铁、针镍矿、柯石英、方解石及石墨。云母为后生包裹体矿物。橄榄石包裹体矿物富含Fo及Cr_2O_3。镁铝榴石矿物包裹体为紫红色,含Cr_2O_3,MgO及镁铬榴石分子高,形成压力为7.5GPa。单斜辉石包裹体矿物为绿色,形成温度和压力分别为:1531℃和4.5GPa。铬尖晶石包裹体矿物含Cr_2O_3及Cr/(Cr+Al)比值高,而含Al_2O_3低。柯石英的SiO_2含量为99.15％。自然铁含有少量的Co,Ni。针镍矿在金刚石中较常见。在橄榄石矿物包裹体内,见有方解石产出,其为同生矿物包裹体。     

中国金伯利岩中的钛铁矿

本文研究了金伯利岩中,作为巨晶和粗晶,基质相矿物,与金云母、镁铝榴石、铬尖晶石等矿物的连生体,金刚石中包裹体矿物及金伯利岩地幔岩包裹体矿物产出的钛铁矿的大小,形态、皮壳及化学成分、端元组分、环带及成分变异趋势。并与其他岩类中的钛铁矿作了对比。探讨了不同产状、共生组合类型的钛铁矿的成因。指出了与金刚石紧密伴生的钛铁矿的标型特征及找矿意义。     

山东蒙阴金伯利岩中尖晶石族矿物特征及种类划分

山东蒙阴金刚石矿区金伯利岩中的尖晶石族矿物究竟是铬铁矿还是尖晶石一直倍受争议,为了确定山东蒙阴矿区形态复杂的尖晶石族矿物种类,项目组对矿区的尖晶石族矿物进行了系统的采样,利用电子探针对50件尖晶石族矿物MgO、FeO、TiO2、Al2O3、MnO、Cr2O3进行微区化学成分分析,结果显示,山东蒙阴金刚石矿区金伯利岩中尖晶石族矿物A、B端元成分复杂,不存在单纯的铬铁矿或尖晶石矿物种,以化学分子式分类为基础得到的尖晶石族矿物种类主要有:铁镁-铬铁钛、镁铁-铬铁铝钛、铁镁-铬铝铁、镁铁-铬铝铁、铁镁-铬铁钛铝、镁铁-铬铝、铁镁-铬铝7个亚种。山东蒙阴金伯利岩中尖晶石族矿物的主要端元组分为MgAl2O4、MgCr2O4、FeCr2O4,矿物化学成分分析表明,Mg质量分数较高(7.3%~11.8%),其中Fe、Mg离子数比近于1:1,构成富镁的铬铁矿。     

山东、辽宁金伯利岩中石榴石的类型、标型特征及其与金刚石的关系

金伯利岩中的镁铝榴石是寻找金刚石的重要指示矿物。镁铝榴石的Cr2O3、CaO等氧化物含量及其颜色、折光率等物理光学性质可作为这种石榴石的标型特征。 本文将山东、辽宁等地金伯利岩中的石榴石的电子探针分析结果按分子数配分的方法计算了端员分子百分数及其他化学参数。用MPV—1显微光度仪测定了石榴石的透射率色散值,通过计算求得颜色指数。按Dawson等人的分类,本次研究样品以铬镁铝榴石为主,其次是低钙-铬镁铝榴石、钙铬-镁铝榴石和镁铬-钙铬-镁铝榴石;钛镁铝榴石和钙镁铝-铁铝榴石等少量。作者用铬、钙、镁三组份数绘制了石榴石与金刚石关系判别图解,分为五个区(A、B、C、D、E)、落入A区的低钙-铬镁铝榴石、铬镁铝榴石和钙铬-镁铝榴石等与金刚石的形成关系最密切。     

金伯利岩含金刚石性的矿物学判别标志

金刚石及其紧密伴生的镁铝榴石、铬尖晶石、钛铁矿、单斜辉石及橄揽石,形成于高温,尤其是高压的上地幔条件下,被快速上升的金伯利岩浆携带至地表,这些矿物形成的特殊的地质条件和环境,必然反映到它们的矿物学特征上来。文章通过对我国金伯利岩中金刚石伴生矿物的研究,探讨了金伯利岩含金刚石性的矿物学标志。     

我国金伯利岩及其他岩类中的镁铝榴石

镁铝榴石是金伯利岩的副矿物,也常产于橄榄岩、榴辉岩、偏碱性玄武岩、超基性煌斑岩中。因此,确定金伯利岩中镁铝榴石的标型特征,是金刚石找矿和评价工作中的一个重要课题。 本文研究了我国常马庄、头道沟、马坪、彭家榜、土门等地区金伯利岩中镁铝榴石的物理性质和化学特征,并与其他岩类中的镁铝榴石作了对比,探讨了镁铝榴石的标型特征及其与含矿性的关系。     

豫南史庄一带金伯利岩中尖晶石矿物化学特征及其对金刚石找矿的启示

豫南史庄一带金伯利岩位于华北地台南缘,栾川-明港深大断裂带北侧,岩石中普遍含有尖晶石等金刚石的指示矿物。在史庄一带金伯利岩中通过人工重砂鉴定,选获了一批尖晶石等金刚石的指示矿物,通过电子探针微区化学成分分析,对区内尖晶石矿物化学特征进行了研究。结果表明,史庄一带金伯利岩中的尖晶石矿物族端元主要为镁铬铁矿（MgCr2O4）-铬铁矿（FeCr2O4）-镁尖晶石（MgAl2O4）-尖晶石（FeAl2O4）系列,其中以镁-铬铁矿（Fe,Mg）Cr2O4占优势;铬铁矿中Cr2O3、Al2O3含量变化范围较大,MgO含量较高（5.57%~15.8%）,TiO2含量较低,为低钛富镁高铝型的铬铁矿（S5型）,阳离子数中Mg2+>Fe2+,Cr3+和Al3+,以及Mg2+和Fe2+类质同象替代较广泛。初步分析表明,史庄一带金伯利岩中的铬铁矿为地幔捕虏晶,地幔岩为橄榄岩,其矿物化学特征显示,史庄一带金伯利岩具有一定携带金刚石的能力,对寻找金伯利岩型金刚石矿床具有重要的指示意义。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861