北太平洋卫星测高大地水准面异常

自1973年以来,NASA已发射了三颗与卫星测高有关的卫星,测高标准误差≥±10cm。已求得全球平均海水面高度图标准误差≤±1m。它的短波成分比卫星重力大地水准面的丰富得多。由于引入卫星测高资料,已把地球重力位系数从原来的22×22阶次提高到现在的180×180阶次,估计在卫星测高加密观测地区,可提高到720×720阶次。现在,卫星测高已成为综合应用卫星SEASAT的主要观测项目之一,这对于研究海洋地球物理和全球性地球动力学问题无疑是一种十分有用的资料。     

基于星载GPS的HY-2卫星高精度精密定轨模拟研究(英文)

HY-2卫星是我国第一颗测高卫星,其径向定轨精度要求厘米量级,搭载了星载GPS接收机。目前HY-2还处于测试阶段,没有公布观测数据。为了确定基于星载GPS的HY-2精密定轨流程及其定轨精度,本文模拟了HY-2卫星星载GPS观测数据,结果表明HY-2星载GPS天线每个历元至少观测7颗GPS卫星。给出了基于星载GPS的精密定轨流程,分别采用简化动力学方法和动态几何法进行了精密定轨实验。对于相位1mm和3mm随机误差的相位观测数据,简化动力学法和动态几何法定轨都能够实现厘米量级的径向精密定轨,几何法定轨精度略低于简化动力定轨。地球重力场模型是影响HY-2卫星精密定轨的重要因素,本文对不同阶次的重力场模型EIGEN2、EGM96、TEG4和GEMT3进行了简化动力学定轨实验,高于50阶次的重力场模型都能够实现厘米级径向精密定轨,主要原因在于大量的高精度星载GPS观测数据和重力场模型精度的提高。     

联合卫星重力、卫星测高和海洋资料研究中国南海海平面变化

利用卫星测高、GRACE(Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment)卫星重力和海洋实测与模式资料,在季节和年际尺度上,探讨了海水比容变化和海水质量变化对中国南海海平面变化的影响.在季节尺度上,利用测高和ECCO(Estimation of the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean)模式得到的南海海水质量引起的海平面变化的周年振幅和GRACE卫星独立观测的结果在地理分布上有很好的一致性.GRACE卫星观测到海水质量引起的南海平均海平面变化具有明显的季节性变化,其周年振幅为(2.7±0.4)cm;利用另一种独立的方法(测高减比容)得到的平均海平面周年振幅为(2.7±0.3)cm,两者符合得很好.在年际尺度上,南海平均海平面变化表现出明显的年际变化特征,且主要为比容海平面变化的贡献.卫星测高结果表明,1993～2009年的南海平均海平面变化为(5.5±0.7)mm/a,明显高于同期全球平均海平面变化趋势(3.3±0.4)mm/a.GRACE卫星观测到的海水质量变化没有表现出明显的趋势信号,这说明南海整体上与周边海域或陆地水的水循环是平衡的.     

融合GOCE和GRACE卫星数据的无约束重力场模型Tongji-GOGR2019S

本文在法方程层面融合GOCE卫星的V_xx、V_yy、V_zz和V_xz重力梯度分量观测数据和GRACE卫星观测数据,采用直接法解算了220阶次的重力场模型Tongji-GOGR2019S.首先利用ⅡR带通滤波器在5~41 mHz的重力梯度带宽范围内对约24个月的GOCE重力梯度观测方程进行无相移滤波处理,并组成解算220阶次重力场模型的法方程,各梯度分量根据相对于参考模型统计精度进行定权;然后与13.5 a GRACE数据建立的180阶次Tongji-Grace02s重力场模型的法方程进行叠加,解算了220阶次的无约束纯卫星重力场模型Tongji-GOGR2019S.利用EIGEN-6C4重力场模型、GNSS/水准数据、DTU15重力异常数据以及欧洲区域似大地水准面模型EGG2015等数据对Tongji-GOGR2019S模型精度进行全面的检核评定,结果表明：引入GOCE卫星梯度数据后,高于72阶的位系数精度优于Tongji-Grace02s模型,Tongji-GOGR2019S模型的整体精度接近同阶次的DIR-R6等GOCE卫星第6代模型.     

近四年全球海水质量变化及其时空特征分析

本文利用卫星重力、卫星测高和海洋温盐数据反演计算全球海水质量变化,并分析其时空变化特征.卫星重力数据利用2003年1月~2006年12月的GRACE月时变重力场球谐系数,同时考虑替换一阶项和C20项,并进行了相关误差滤波、高斯滤波和陆地水文信号泄漏改正,计算得到海洋等效水高变化;利用相同时间跨度的卫星测高数据和海洋温度、盐度水文观测数据,计算全球海平面变化和比容海平面变化,反演得到海水质量变化.反演的两种海水质量变化的年际变化特征一致性较好.三种数据得到的长期趋势变化,与1993~2003年的结果相比,可以看出,海水质量变化加速,并已成为全球海平面上升的主要因素.     

卫星测高混合边值问题的球谐级数解法

研究了球界面下卫星测高问题的解法,利用有限逼近方法得到了下列结论：若陆地部分是球冠,则卫星测高问题的解可以转换成关于球谐级数位系数的线性方程组,并且位系数的阶和次是以分离形式出现的,从而确保该解法具有实用意义. 利用重力场360阶模型进行模拟计算的结果表明：该解法得到的位系数的相对精度达到了10－１１. 同时证明了常用的Stokes问题、Dirichlet问题、Neumann问题可以看成卫星测高问题的特殊情况.     

融合GOCE和GRACE卫星数据的无约束重力场模型Tongji-GOGR2019S

本文在法方程层面融合GOCE卫星的V_xx、V_yy、V_zz和V_xz重力梯度分量观测数据和GRACE卫星观测数据,采用直接法解算了220阶次的重力场模型Tongji-GOGR2019S.首先利用ⅡR带通滤波器在5~41 mHz的重力梯度带宽范围内对约24个月的GOCE重力梯度观测方程进行无相移滤波处理,并组成解算220阶次重力场模型的法方程,各梯度分量根据相对于参考模型统计精度进行定权;然后与13.5 a GRACE数据建立的180阶次Tongji-Grace02s重力场模型的法方程进行叠加,解算了220阶次的无约束纯卫星重力场模型Tongji-GOGR2019S.利用EIGEN-6C4重力场模型、GNSS/水准数据、DTU15重力异常数据以及欧洲区域似大地水准面模型EGG2015等数据对Tongji-GOGR2019S模型精度进行全面的检核评定,结果表明：引入GOCE卫星梯度数据后,高于72阶的位系数精度优于Tongji-Grace02s模型,Tongji-GOGR2019S模型的整体精度接近同阶次的DIR-R6等GOCE卫星第6代模型.

     

360阶地球重力场模型DQM94A及其精度分析

介绍了适用于中国地区的３６０阶地球重力场模型ＤＱＭ９４Ａ．精度分析结果表明，应用局部积分改进的谱权综合法计算的３６０阶地球重力场模型ＤＱＭ９４Ａ，在表示中国境外地球重力场时，与用改进的基本模型ＯＳＵ９１Ａ精度相当；表示中国及其周边地区地球重力场的精度如下，用模型计算的３０＇×３０＇和１°×１°平均重力异常与相应实测结果较差的均方根基分别为±９．３０×１０^－５ｍ／ｓ２和±７．６５×１０^－５ｍ／ｓ２，在中国３７个ＧＰＳ点上，由ＤＱＭ９４Ａ计算的大地水准面高的精度为±０．８８ｍ．     

浅海区域Topex/Poseidon测高卫星数据波形重构方法

根据测高卫星返回波形的特征,给出了由Topex/Poseidon卫星波形数据进行波形重构的方法,并采用函数逼近算法确定波形重构改正量,进而改善测高卫星近海岸海面高观测值的精度.在中国南海区域计算了四圈T/P测高卫星经过波形重构后的海面高数据.近海岸海面高数据与相近时刻验潮站数据相比,精度比波形重构前有了很大提高,证明该方法的有效性.     

利用GOCE和GRACE卫星观测数据确定静态重力场模型

高精度静态卫星重力场模型在全球海洋环流研究、全球/区域数字高程基准面确定等领域有重要应用,本文研究仅利用GOCE卫星和联合GRACE卫星观测数据确定高精度高阶次静态重力场模型.利用GOCE卫星全周期高精度引力梯度分量(V_xx、V_yy、V_zz和V_xz)观测值基于直接最小二乘法构建300阶次的SGG(Satellite Gravity Gradiometry)法方程,并利用卫星跟踪卫星观测值基于点域加速度法构建130阶SST(Satellite-to-Satellite Tracking)法方程,然后利用方差分量估计联合SGG和SST法方程确定300阶次纯GOCE卫星重力场模型GOSG02S.利用全周期GRACE观测数据由动力学方法解算了180阶次的SWPU-GRACE2021S模型,并将其对应法方程与GOCE卫星法方程联合解算了GRACE和GOCE的联合模型WHU-SWPU-GOGR2022S.分别基于XGM2019模型和GPS水准数据对本文解算的三个模型GOSG02S、SWPU-GRACE2021S和WHU-SWPU-GOGR2022S在频域和空域进行了精度分析,结果表明,GOSG02S和WHU-SWPU-GOGR2022S模型与GO_CONS_GCF_2_DIR_R6、GO_CONS_GCF_2_TIM_R6、GO_CONS_GCF_2_SPW_R5、GOCO06s和Tongji-GMMG2021S等使用了GOCE卫星全周期数据的模型精度相当,精度差异基本都在毫米量级;SWPU-GRACE2021S模型在160阶次之前与国际主流GRACE卫星重力场模型ITSG-Grace2018s和Tongji-Grace02s精度相当.

     

Comparing recent geopotential models in Andalusia (Southern Spain)

This work focuses on the comparison between satellite-only and combined Global Geopotential Models (GGMs) derived from the CHAMP and GRACE satellite missions with land gravity anomalies, geoid undulations provided by the gravimetric geoid ANDALUSGeoid2002 and GPS/levelling geoid undulations in Andalusia in order to find the GGM that best fits this area in order to be used in a further geoid computation. The results show that the EIGEN-CG01C model or the combined models GGM02C/EIGEN-CG01C and ITG-CHAMP01E/EIGEN-CG01C should be used.     

利用卫星测高数据推求中国近海及邻域大地水准面起伏和重力异常研究

首先对中国近海及邻域（0°-40°N,105°─135°E）内4年的T／P卫星测高数据（1992－10-03-1996－10－09）和1年多的ERS－1卫星测高数据（1992－10－23-1994－01－20）进行了预处理以剔除数据中的粗差影响．然后,对卫星的重复轨迹采用"共线"处理方法得到该海域的平均海平面．在扣除海面地形的影响后得到该海域30'×X30'大地水准面起伏。再分别采用Stokes公式逆运算加FFT技术和最小二乘配置法恢复出该海域30'×30'海洋重力异常．所得到的海洋大地水准面起伏精度为8．5cm,恢复出的重力异常的精度为35×10－5m／s2．     

Gravity Anomaly Map over The Black Sea Using Corrected Sea Surface Heights from ERS1, ERS2 and Topex/Poseidon Satellite Altimetry Missions

Approximately nine-year data from ERS1, ERS2 and TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P) satellite altimetry missions have been used for the recovery of gravity anomalies over the Black Sea. The Corrected Sea Surface Height product of Aviso/Altimetry has been proven to be homogeneous after a cross-over adjustment. The Least Squares Collocation method was applied in a so-called remove-restore procedure. The residual geoid heights, obtained by subtracting EGM96 geoid heights from cross-over adjusted sea surface heights, were inverted to recover residual gravity anomalies in a grid structure over the Black Sea. Finally, EGM96 free air gravity anomalies were added to the predicted residual gravity anomalies to obtain the free air gravity anomalies. In order to check the consistency with respect to an external source, these computed free air gravity anomalies were compared to ship gravity observations, and to alternative satellite altimetry derived gravity anomalies. Comparisons with the observed gravity data yielded that external consistency of the gravity anomalies computed in this study is about 3 mGal for individual ship tracks. Overall external consistency in the test area is 4.8 mGal. Comparison with other satellite altimetry derived gravity anomalies presented a good agreement.     

罗斯海海域大地水准面异常的成因研究

本文利用数值法求解瞬时地幔对流问题以模拟大地水准面异常.利用两个较新的 S 波速度异常层析模型SEMUCB WM1 和TX2019slab,将其转换为密度异常作为控制方程的浮力驱动项;采取的黏度结构模型中,上下地幔的黏度比为1∶50.为了研究地幔不同结构对罗斯海海域大地水准面异常的影响,分别提取上、下地幔的密度异常正/...     

On Gravity Inversion for Point Mass Anomalies by Means of the Truncated Geoid

The physical meaning of the truncated geoid, which is defined by the convolution of gravity anomalies with the Stokes function on a spherical cap of specified radius, has been studied by the authors. They investigated its relation to the density distribution, generating the surface gravity, and its potential use in inversion. Some progress results for simulated studies on point mass anomalies are presented. The behavior of the truncated geoid is controlled by the radius of the integration domain, hereinafter referred to as the truncation parameter, which is treated as a free parameter. The change of the truncated geoid in response to the change of the truncation parameter was studied in the context of the simulated mass distributions. By means of such computer simulations we have managed to demonstrate the clear sensitivity of the truncated geoid to the depths, in addition to the horizontal positions, of point mass anomalies generating the synthetic surface gravity. The objective of this paper is to illustrate, with the help of computer simulation as the method of our study, the contribution of the truncated geoid to the solution of the gravimetric inverse problem. Further work towards employing the truncated geoid in gravity exploration is being conducted.     

High-harmonic geoid signatures related to glacial isostatic adjustment and their detectability by GOCE

The Earth’s asthenosphere and lower continental crust can regionally have viscosities that are one to several orders of magnitude smaller than typical mantle viscosities. As a consequence, such shallow low-viscosity layers could induce high-harmonic (spherical harmonics 50–200) gravity and geoid anomalies due to remaining isostasy deviations following Late-Pleistocene glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA). Such high-harmonic geoid and gravity signatures would depend also on the detailed ice and meltwater loading distribution and history.ESA’s Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) satellite mission, planned for launch in Summer 2008, is designed to map the quasi-static geoid with centimeter accuracy and gravity anomalies with milligal accuracy at a resolution of 100 km or better. This might offer the possibility of detecting gravity and geoid effects of low-viscosity shallow earth layers and differences of the effects of various Pleistocene ice decay scenarios. For example, our predictions show that for a typical low-viscosity crustal zone GOCE should be able to discern differences between ice-load histories down to length scales of about 150 km.One of the major challenges in interpreting such high-harmonic, regional-scale, geoid signatures in GOCE solutions will be to discriminate GIA-signatures from various other solid-earth contributions. It might be of help here that the high-harmonic geoid and gravity signatures form quite characteristic 2D patterns, depending on both ice load and low-viscosity zone model parameters.     

High-harmonic geoid signatures related to glacial isostatic adjustment and their detectability by GOCE

The Earth’s asthenosphere and lower continental crust can regionally have viscosities that are one to several orders of magnitude smaller than typical mantle viscosities. As a consequence, such shallow low-viscosity layers could induce high-harmonic (spherical harmonics 50–200) gravity and geoid anomalies due to remaining isostasy deviations following Late-Pleistocene glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA). Such high-harmonic geoid and gravity signatures would depend also on the detailed ice and meltwater loading distribution and history.ESA’s Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) satellite mission, planned for launch in Summer 2008, is designed to map the quasi-static geoid with centimeter accuracy and gravity anomalies with milligal accuracy at a resolution of 100 km or better. This might offer the possibility of detecting gravity and geoid effects of low-viscosity shallow earth layers and differences of the effects of various Pleistocene ice decay scenarios. For example, our predictions show that for a typical low-viscosity crustal zone GOCE should be able to discern differences between ice-load histories down to length scales of about 150 km.One of the major challenges in interpreting such high-harmonic, regional-scale, geoid signatures in GOCE solutions will be to discriminate GIA-signatures from various other solid-earth contributions. It might be of help here that the high-harmonic geoid and gravity signatures form quite characteristic 2D patterns, depending on both ice load and low-viscosity zone model parameters.     

联合多代卫星测高和多源重力数据的局部大地水准面精化方法

本文研究了基于泊松小波径向基函数融合多代卫星测高及多源重力数据精化大地水准面模型的方法.分别以沿轨垂线偏差和大地水准面高高差作为卫星测高观测量,研究了使用不同类型测高数据对于大地水准面建模精度的影响.针对全球潮汐模型在浅水区域及部分开阔海域精度较低的问题,引入局部潮汐模型研究了不同潮汐模型对于大地水准面的影响.数值分析表明:相比于使用沿轨垂线偏差作为测高观测量,基于沿轨大地水准面高高差解算得到的大地水准面模型的精度更高,特别是在海域区域,其精度提高了2.3 cm.由于使用沿轨大地水准面高高差作为测高观测量削弱了潮汐模型长波误差的影响,采用不同潮汐模型对大地水准面解算的影响较小.总体而言,船载重力及测高观测数据在海洋重力场的确定中呈现互补性关系,联合两类重力场观测量可以提高局部重力场的建模精度.     

我国海域大地水准面的计算及其与大陆大地水准面拼接的研究和实施

研究和实施了由卫星测高数据计算垂线偏差，用莫洛 金斯基（Molodensky）公式反演 大地水准面高，由此求得我国海域大地水准面高. 为了检核，将测高垂线偏差利用逆维宁迈 纳斯（Vening Meinesz）公式反演重力异常，与海上船测重力值进行了外部检核；同时还用 司托克斯（Stokes）公式，将上述反演的重力异常计算大地水准面高，与莫洛金斯基公式直 接解得的相应结果进行比较作为内部检核. 在积分计算中充分应用了FFT的严格公式.由重力和GPS水准数据确定的陆地大地水准面，和主要由卫星测高数据确定的海洋大地水准 面，二者之间一般都存在以系统误差为主的拼接差，本文分析了产生这一现象的主要原因, 并结合我国在陆海大地水准面拼接区重力资料稀疏的实际，提出了新的拼接技术，最后将拟 合参数校正中国全部海域的重 力大地水准面，以最大限度地削弱拼接点和制约测高海洋大地水准面可能存在的系统误差.