抗震结构的等效延性破坏准则及其子结构试验验证

基于试验结果与分析，本文提出了反映结构低周疲劳特性的“等效延性破坏准则”。将由结构非线性动力反应分析求得的、预计按本文所提破坏准则能引起柱破坏的三种不同位移反应时程，施加于三个柱试件，以验证所提准则的有效性与实用性。     

基于延性破坏准则的再生混凝土柱抗震性能研究

为揭示再生混凝土柱的性能退化机理,根据拟静力试验现象和试验数据,对再生混凝土柱的破坏进行了量化研究。首先进行了Park-Ang破坏准则和延性破坏准则的计算验证,统计分析结果表明延性破坏准则可用于再生混凝土柱破坏计算研究。基于延性破坏准则对再生骨料取代率与混凝土强度、破坏指数的量化关系进行了研究,建立了混凝土强度退化与破坏指数的函数关系;从再生骨料界面结合能力、粘结性能和强度变化三个方面对再生混凝土柱性能退化规律进行了解释说明,考虑再生骨料取代率和混凝土强度的影响,提出了改进的再生混凝土柱延性破坏准则。研究结果表明：考虑混凝土强度影响的改进延性破坏准则计算结果更接近于1.0,且离散性较低,更准确的定义了再生混凝土柱的破坏。综合再生混凝土柱试验现象、破坏规律及破坏指数计算结果,给出了再生混凝土柱的延性准则破坏评价标准,相关研究成果可用于再生混凝土柱的破坏评估和震损鉴定。     

钢筋混凝土连梁的抗震性能研究

进行了3个剪跨比等于3．0的钢筋混凝土连梁模型的伪静力试验，结合前一批试验^[1]的部分试验结果，考察了提高配箍参数、降低纵筋配筋率和增加核心钢骨对改善连梁抗震性能的效果。通过与其他学者的试验结果进行比较和分析。建立了连梁破坏位移角的回归计算公式。     

钢筋混凝土框架地震破坏研究概述

关于钢筋混凝土结构的破坏过程,是当前建筑抗震设计与研究中提出的新问题,本文介绍了国内外钢筋混凝土构件非线性地震反应分析和破坏过程研究的进展,和钢筋混凝土框架地震破坏评价的定量描述方法,以及钢筋混凝土框架结构地震破坏过程模拟的最新研究动态,指出地震工程研究领域中研究钢筋混凝土框架结构破坏过程有效手段。     

碳纤维布增强钢筋混凝土柱延性性能的评估与分析

在试验研究的基础上，对碳纤维布提高钢筋混凝土柱延性的机理进行了分析，确定了碳纤维布用量、轴压比、剪跨比、矩形截面柱转角部位的形状等试验因素对碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土柱延性的影响规律。在此基础上，重点对碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土柱延性性能的评估与分析方法进行了研究，提出了碳纤维布加固矩形截面钢筋混凝土柱位移延性比的理论计算方法和简化计算公式。计算结果与试验数据能较好地吻合。工程技术人员可以应用上述方法，对碳纤维布增强钢筋混凝土柱延性性能进行合理的评估与分析。     

用碳纤维布改善钢筋混凝土极短柱抗震性能的试验研究

本文进行了5根钢筋混凝土极短柱（λ=1.0）在周期反复荷载作用下的试验，研究了使用碳纤维布横向包裹钢筋混凝土极短柱以提高其延性这种加固方法的有效性。本文研究了碳纤维布横向包裹钢筋混凝土极短柱的受力特性，分析了碳纤维布抗拉强度对试件抗震性能的影响，并对碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土极短柱使其延性提高的机理进行了探讨。试验结果表明，横向包裹碳纤维布可显著提高钢筋混凝土极短柱的变形性能。     

抗震结构破坏准则的历史沿革和发展趋势

本文详细讨论了现有抗震结构破坏评估准则并指出其不足和存在问题,深入研究了抗震结构破坏准则的基本思路和发展趋势。指出了由于结构地震响应从地面运动到结构性能两方面固有的随机性和不确定性,使基于性能的抗震设计应当在概率的基础上形成;破坏模型作为度量结构破坏程度的有效工具,也应当在概率基础上形成。     

钢筋混凝土框架砖填充墙结构抗震性能的研究

本文介绍了一个１／３比例框架填充墙结构模型模拟地震振动台试验，研究了结构动力特性与反应特征，提出了钢筋混凝土框架砖填充墙结构层间刚度与抗力的简化估计方法和公式，同时进行了多层框架填充墙结构的弹塑性动力反应分析并结合试验模型将计算结果与试验结果进行比较。     

钢筋混凝土框架节点的抗震分析

钢筋混凝土框架节点的受力是复杂的,在地震情况下,它已成为框架最易受损的部分。本文结合工程实践,根据建筑抗震设计规范(GBJ11-89)、混凝土结构设计规范(GBJ10-89)的规定,就节点区受弯、受压、受剪的不同状态进行分析和探讨,希望提高框架节点的延性,增强框架整体的抗震性能,以满足工程抗震设防的需要。     

碳纤维布改善钢筋混凝土短柱延性的试验研究

通过横向包裹碳纤维布的钢筋混凝土短柱在低周反复荷载作用下受力性能的试验研究，验证了碳纤维布对钢筋混凝土短柱延性的改善作用。经碳纤维布包裹的钢筋混凝土短柱，其延性得到了显著改善，但承载能力却变化不大。试验还发现，碳纤维布在使用中存在一个作用效率的问题，碳纤维布包裹层数愈多，其作用效率愈低。     

钢纤维高强混凝土框架边节点梁的曲率延性

进行了9个钢纤维高强混凝土框架边节点的抗震试验.通过测试钢纤维高强混凝土框架边节点梁端的荷载-变形滞回曲线和梁相关截面的横向变形,研究了钢纤维体积率、掺加范围和轴压比等因素对高强混凝土框架边节点梁截面曲率延性和滞回曲线的影响.结果表明,钢纤维能改善高强混凝土框架边节点梁截面延性,显著提高高强混凝土框架节点的抗震延性和耗能能力,对解决节点箍筋密集、改善施工条件具有明显效果.     

Probabilistic performance assessment of low‐ductility reinforced concrete frames retrofitted with dissipative braces

The paper illustrates a probabilistic methodology for assessing the vulnerability of existing reinforced concrete (RC) buildings with limited ductility capacity retrofitted by means of dissipative braces. The aim is to highlight the most important parameters controlling the capacity of these coupled systems and specific aspects concerning the response uncertainties. The proposed methodology is based on the use of local engineering demand parameters for monitoring the seismic response and on the development of component and system fragility curves before and after the retrofit. In the first part of the paper, the methodology is illustrated by highlighting its advantages with respect to the existing approaches. Then, its capability and effectiveness are tested by considering a benchmark two‐dimensional RC frame designed for gravity‐loads only. The frame is retrofitted by introducing elasto‐plastic dissipative braces designed for different levels of base shear capacity. The obtained results show the effectiveness of the methodology in describing the changes in the response and in the failure modalities before and after the retrofit, for different retrofit levels. Moreover, the retrofit effectiveness is evaluated by introducing proper synthetic parameters describing the fragility curves and by stressing the importance of employing local engineering demand parameters (EDPs) rather than global EDPs in the seismic risk evaluation of coupled systems consisting in low‐ductility RC frames and dissipative braces. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

钢筋混凝土框架结构造价与失效概率之间的近似关系研究

本文以层间位移角作为结构性能参数,分析了钢筋混凝土框架结构层间变形能力,以及在水平地震作用下层间位移反应。考虑钢筋混凝土框架结构材料强度和几何尺寸以及地震作用的不确定性,得出了在设计基准期内结构的失效概率。同时分析了不同设计参数下结构的最小造价,在此基础上,确定了结构最小造价和失效概率之间的近似关系。目的是为采用“投资—效益“准则确定该类型结构目标性能水平提供分析依据,从而为采用基于性能抗震设计理念制定建筑结构抗震设计规范提供基础研究。本文中,结构失效概率指结构最终极限状态的失效概率。     

Pushover analysis of reinforced concrete frames considering shear failure at beam-column joints

Since most current seismic capacity evaluations of reinforced concrete(RC) frame structures are implemented by either static pushover analysis(PA) or dynamic time history analysis,with diverse settings of the plastic hinges(PHs) on such main structural components as columns,beams and walls,the complex behavior of shear failure at beam-column joints(BCJs) during major earthquakes is commonly neglected.This study proposes new nonlinear PA procedures that consider shear failure at BCJs and seek to assess the actual damage to RC structures.Based on the specifications of FEMA-356,a simplified joint model composed of two nonlinear cross struts placed diagonally over the location of the plastic hinge is established,allowing a sophisticated PA to be performed.To verify the validity of this method,the analytical results for the capacity curves and the failure mechanism derived from three different full-size RC frames are compared with the experimental measurements.By considering shear failure at BCJs,the proposed nonlinear analytical procedures can be used to estimate the structural behavior of RC frames,including seismic capacity and the progressive failure sequence of joints,in a precise and effective manner.     

Seismic energy demands on reinforced concrete moment-resisting frames

This paper examines the seismic energy demands on reinforced concrete ductile moment-resisting frames. Three frames having 4, 10 and 18 storeys, representing low, medium and tall frames, were designed to the current Canadian seismic provisions and structural design requirements. Three groups of earthquake records having different frequency contents were selected as input ground motions. The input, hysteretic and damping energies were evaluated for these three frames and correlation was established with other response parameters. The use of equivalent single-degree-of-freedom systems to estimate the energy demands on these frames was examined in order to simplify the computational effort. It is shown that the energy demand concept together with the equivalent single-degree-of-freedom system is a viable design approach for low-rise frames. Additional research to allow for the higher modal effect is required before the same concept can be extended to medium and tall frames.     

Inelastic spectra for infilled reinforced concrete frames

In two companion papers a simplified non‐linear analysis procedure for infilled reinforced concrete frames is introduced. In this paper a simple relation between strength reduction factor, ductility and period (R–µ–T relation) is presented. It is intended to be used for the determination of inelastic displacement ratios and of inelastic spectra in conjunction with idealized elastic spectra. The R–µ–T relation was developed from results of an extensive parametric study employing a SDOF mathematical model composed of structural elements representing the frame and infill. The structural parameters, used in the proposed R–µ–T relation, in addition to the parameters used in a usual (e.g. elasto‐plastic) system, are ductility at the beginning of strength degradation, and the reduction of strength after the failure of the infills. Formulae depend also on the corner periods of the elastic spectrum. The proposed equations were validated by comparing results in terms of the reduction factors, inelastic displacement ratios, and inelastic spectra in the acceleration–displacement format, with those obtained by non‐linear dynamic analyses for three sets of recorded and semi‐artificial ground motions. A new approach was used for generating semi‐artificial ground motions compatible with the target spectrum. This approach preserves the basic characteristics of individual ground motions, whereas the mean spectrum of the whole ground motion set fits the target spectrum excellently. In the parametric study, the R–µ–T relation was determined by assuming a constant reduction factor, while the corresponding ductility was calculated for different ground motions. The mean values proved to be noticeably different from the mean values determined based on a constant ductility approach, while the median values determined by the different procedures were between the two means. The approach employed in the study yields a R–µ–T relation which is conservative both for design and performance assessment (compared with a relation based on median values). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震超强系数分析

基于我国建筑抗震规范要求设计的14栋代表不同抗震特征要求的多高层规则钢筋混凝土框架,通过静力弹塑性分析详细地评估了框架结构的体系超强能力。分析中采用与抗震规范等效静力地震作用效应分布模式相同的单调递增侧向荷载,以二维平面框架为分析对象。分析结果表明地震分区对超强系数的影响较大;有填充墙框架比无填充墙框架的超强能力明显要大;内框架的超强能力比外框架的超强能力大;超强系数随框架楼层数的增加而减小。     

罕遇地震下RC低矮框架失效相关性拟动力试验分析

为研究罕遇地震下低矮结构的失效相关性问题,设计了两榀钢筋混凝土对称与非对称三跨二层框架结构模型,通过拟动力试验,对低矮框架结构在罕遇地震作用下柱截面各约束的失效特点和相关规律进行了统计与分析,以期为低矮结构在罕遇地震作用下的失效相关性理论提供试验支持,文中指出钢筋材性的相对均匀性是造成罕遇地震下大量截面约束同时失效的主要原因。     

RC框架结构地震塑性损伤分析

基于经典塑性模型与连续损伤模型,根据广义应力空间塑性力学确定了塑性变形的演化法则,文中发展了一种地震塑性损伤分析方法。用来进行混凝土框架结构的抗震分析,将塑性损伤的本构关系运用于两端具有塑性铰的梁模型,模拟框架结构的梁柱。同时该方法的损伤指数可以确定结构各单元和整体的地震时性能,确定结构极限荷载,算例表明该方法具有可靠的精度。     

Earthquake behavior of steel cushion-implemented reinforced concrete frames

The earthquake performance of vulnerable structures can be increased by the implementation of supplementary energy-dissipative metallic elements. The main aim of this paper is to describe the earthquake behavior of steel cushion-implemented reinforced concrete frames (SCI-RCFR) in terms of displacement demands and energy components. Several quasi-static experiments were performed on steel cushions (SC) installed in reinforced concrete (RC) frames. The test results served as the basis of the analytical models of SCs and a bare reinforced concrete frame (B-RCFR). These models were integrated in order to obtain the resulting analytical model of the SCI-RCFR. Nonlinear-time history analyses (NTHA) were performed on the SCI-RCFR under the effects of the selected earthquake data set. According to the NTHA, SC application is an effective technique for increasing the seismic performance of RC structures. The main portion of the earthquake input energy was dissipated through SCs. SCs succeeded in decreasing the plastic energy demand on structural elements by almost 50% at distinct drift levels.